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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 9547 COCA: 7548

stubborn

adjective
/ˈstʌbən/
/ˈstʌbərn/
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  1. (often disapproving) determined not to change your opinion or attitude固执的；执拗的；顽固的；倔强的 synonym obstinate
    • He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.他死不认错。
    • She can be as stubborn as a mule (= extremely stubborn).她可以倔得像头骡子。
    • stubborn pride死要面子
    • a stubborn resistance to change顽固抵制变革
    • a stubborn refusal to listen硬是不听
    • She has inherited her mother’s stubborn streak.她继承了母亲的倔强性格。
    Extra Examples
    • He started out with nothing but raw talent and stubborn determination.他起初一无所有，只有天生的才能和坚定的决心。
    • The situation was aggravated by Mr Johnson's stubborn refusal to apologize.约翰逊先生顽固拒绝道歉，使情况更加恶化。
    Topics Opinion and argumentb2, Personal qualitiesb2
  2. [usually before noun] difficult to get rid of or deal with难以去除（或对付）的 synonym persistent
    • a stubborn cough/stain久治不愈的咳嗽；顽渍
    • a stubborn problem难题
    3. Word OriginMiddle English (originally in the sense ‘untameable, implacable’): of unknown origin.
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 9547 COCA: 7548
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 9547 COCA: 7548
stubborn

adjective

stubborn ♦︎ obstinate ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ headstrong ♦︎ strong-willedThese words all describe a person who is determined not to change their opinion or behaviour and refuses to listen to advice. 这些词均表示固执的、倔强的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful child◆a stubborn / an obstinate man / woman◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful refusal■ stubborn ˈstʌbən; NAmE ˈstʌbərn (often disapproving) determined not to change your opinion or attitude 固执的；执拗的；顽固的；倔强的◆He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.他太固执，不肯认错。◆She has inherited her mother's stubborn streak.她继承了母亲的倔强性格。◆ (approving) He started out with nothing but raw talent and stubborn determination.他起初一无所有，只有天生的才能和坚定的决心。▸ stubbornly

adverb

◆She stubbornly refused to pay.她怎么都不肯付钱。■ obstinate ˈɒbstɪnət; NAmE ˈɑːbstɪnət (usually disapproving) refusing to change your opinions or behaviour when other people try to persuade you to 执拗的；固执的；顽固的◆He can be very obstinate when he wants to.他的犟劲儿一上来，简直执拗得要命。◆Their position remains one of obstinate denial, even in face of the new evidence.即使在新证据面前他们还是固执地持否定立场。▸ obstinately

adverb

◆She obstinately refused to consider the future.她执意拒不考虑未来。■ wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usually willful) (disapproving) determined to do what you want; not caring about what other people want 任性的；固执的；倔强的◆He was an aggressive, often selfish and wilful child.他是个好斗的孩子，常常自私而任性。■ headstrong ˈhedstrɒŋ; NAmE >ˈhedstrɔːŋ (disapproving, especially written) determined to do things your own way and refusing to listen to advice 固执的；倔强任性的◆She is too wild and headstrong to be guided by me.她太放纵任性，根本不听我指导。■ ˌstrong-ˈwilled (often disapproving) determined to do what you want, even if other people advise you not to 意志坚强的；坚持己见的◆She was a fiercely independent and strong-willed woman.她是个特别独立且意志坚强的女性。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Wilful and headstrong are always disapproving terms: a wilful or headstrong person is always wrong and the people trying to oppose or advise them are always right. A strong-willed person may be right or wrong but does not listen to advice. Obstinate often suggests that sb will not change their behaviour simply in order to be difficult and cause problems for other people. Stubborn can suggest this too, but it can also be admiring or approving, as in the phrase stubborn determination. * wilful和headstrong总带有贬义，它们所修饰的人总是错误的，而设法反对他们或给他们提建议的人总是正确的。strong-willed所修饰的人可对可错，反正不听劝告。obstinate常意味着为了让别人难受而拒绝改变自己的行为。stubborn也可带有这样的意思，但也可有令人钦佩或赞同之意，例如在短语stubborn determination（坚定的决心）中。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 9547 COCA: 7548

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