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IELTS BNC: 1962 COCA: 816

lawyer

noun
 
/ˈlɔɪə(r)/
/ˈlɔɪər/
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  1. a person who is trained and qualified to advise people about the law and to represent them in court, and to write legal documents律师
    • to hire a lawyer聘请律师
    • You would be wise to consult a lawyer.你应该找律师咨询一下，那样做才是明智的。
    • a defence lawyer辩护律师
    • (North American English) a trial lawyer专门出庭辩护的律师
    • a human rights lawyer人权律师
    • The lawyer representing the family said he was very satisfied with the verdict.代表这家人的律师说，他对判决非常满意。
    • lawyer for somebody Lawyers for all three defendants said their clients did not intend to kill the victim.三名被告的律师都表示，他们的委托人没有杀害受害者的意图。
    More About lawyerslawyers
    • Lawyer is a general term for a person who is qualified to advise people about the law, to prepare legal documents for them and/​or to represent them in a court of law.lawyer 泛指律师，有资格提供法律咨询、为当事人准备法律文件、在法庭上代表当事人。
    • In England and Wales, a lawyer who is qualified to speak in the higher courts of law is called a barrister. In Scotland a barrister is called an advocate.
    • In North American English attorney is a more formal word used for a lawyer and is used especially in job titles:
      • the District Attorney地方检察官
    • Counsel is the formal legal word used for a lawyer who is representing someone in court:counsel 为正式的法律用语，指代表当事人出庭的律师：
      • counsel for the prosecution控方律师
    • Solicitor is the British English term for a lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares documents, for example when you are buying a house, and sometimes has the right to speak in a court of law.
    • In North American English solicitor is only used in the titles of some lawyers who work for the government:
      • the Solicitor General首席检察官
    • A notary is a person, often but not necessarily a lawyer, who has official authority to be a witness when somebody signs a document and to make the document legally acceptable.
    Culture the legal systemthe legal systemFor historical reasons, the system of law used in Scotland is different from that in England and Wales, with the law in Northern Ireland similar to that in England. When making decisions Scottish courts look for an appropriate general principle and apply it to a particular situation. English law relies on case law, a collection of previous decisions, called precedents. English courts look at precedents for the case being tried and make a similar judgement. A basic principle of law in Britain is that anyone accused is innocent until proven guilty, so it is the job of the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant (= the person accused) has broken the law as stated in the charge. If this cannot be proved the person must be acquitted (= allowed to go free, with no blame attached).British law is divided into civil law which concerns arguments between individuals about matters such as business contracts, and criminal law which deals with offences that involve harm to a person resulting from somebody breaking the law. In civil cases, the plaintiff (= the person who claims to have been wronged) brings an action against the defendant in the hope of winning damages (= a financial payment) or an injunction (= a court order preventing the defendant from doing something). Criminal cases are brought against criminals by the state, in England and Wales by the Director of Public Prosecutions and in Scotland through procurators fiscal.In England and Wales most towns have a Magistrates' Court, where minor cases are judged and more serious cases are passed to higher courts by three magistrates called Justices of the Peace, trained members of the public. The more serious cases are heard in a Crown Court by a judge and a jury. Minor civil cases, such as divorce and bankruptcy, are heard in the county courts and more serious ones in the High Court. Appeals against decisions from the Crown Court or the High Court go to the Court of Appeal and a few cases, where a question of law is in doubt, are passed to the Supreme Court, which has replaced the House of Lords as the highest court in the country.In Scotland, criminal cases are heard in District Courts by members of the public called lay justices. More serious cases go to regional sheriff courts and are heard by the sheriff and a jury. Appeals go to the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh. Civil cases begin in the sheriff court and may go on appeal to the Court of Session.In the US, the judicial system is one of the three branches of the federal government, but the legal system operates at many levels with state, county and city courts as well as federal courts. The right to trial by jury is provided by the Constitution. Each type of court has its own jurisdiction, that is, it deals with certain kinds of cases. Both civil and criminal cases are first heard in trial courts and there is a right to appeal against the court's decision in a court of appeals. Many states have family courts where people get divorced and small claims courts which deal with small amounts of money. States also have trial courts, which hear a wider range of cases, and courts of appeal called superior courts or district courts. Most states have a Supreme Court where the most serious appeals are held. States have their own criminal code, but some crimes are federal offences (= against federal law), and crimes may fall under federal jurisdiction if more than one state is involved.Most courts have only one judge, but some higher courts have several. In the US Supreme Court, the nine judges are called justices. The people on either side of a case are represented by lawyers, also called attorneys. In a criminal trial the defendant is represented by a defense attorney, or if he or she is unable to pay a lawyer, the court will appoint a public defender. The prosecution is led by an assistant district attorney or, in federal cases, by a federal attorney.
    Extra Examples
    • He brought in a hot-shot criminal defence lawyer who secured a not guilty verdict.他请来一位炙手可热的刑事辩护律师，他获得了无罪判决。
    • A leading human rights lawyer took on his case.一位顶尖的人权律师接了他的案子。
    • He was a trial lawyer for many years.他干出庭律师很多年了。
    • Corporate lawyers managed to delay the case coming to court.公司律师设法将案件推迟到法庭审理。
    • He was among the leading international lawyers of his generation.他是他那一代领先的国际律师之一。
    • Lawyers for the families said they were pleased with the decision.这些家庭的律师说，他们对这个裁定很满意。
    • She has built a reputation as a top criminal lawyer.她已经建立了顶级刑事律师的声誉。
    • You'll be hearing from my lawyer.你将收到我方的律师函。
    Topics Law and justicea2, Jobsa2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • brilliant
    • clever
    • competent
    • …
    See full entry
IELTS BNC: 1962 COCA: 816
lawyer

noun

ADJECTIVE➤brilliant, clever, competent, excellent, good, smart (especially NAmE) 傑出的／聰明的／能幹的／出色的／優秀的／精明的律師▸➤high-powered, hotshot, leading, prominent, senior, successful, top能力很強的律師；高明的律師；首席律師；知名律師；資深律師；成功的律師；頂尖的律師◇A leading human rights lawyer took on his case.一位頂尖的人權律師接了他的案子。➤greedy, rich, wealthy貪婪的律師；富有的律師▸➤experienced, qualified (especially BrE) 經驗豐富的／合格的律師➤practising/practicing執業律師▸➤academic (especially BrE) 法學教授➤trial (NAmE) （初審）出庭律師◇He was a trial lawyer for many years.他幹出庭律師很多年了。➤defence/defense, prosecuting, prosecution (especially BrE) 辯護律師；控方律師◇a top criminal defence lawyer (BrE) 一位頂尖的刑事辯護律師◇He brought in a hot-shot criminal defense lawyer who secured a not guilty verdict. (NAmE) 他請來了一位高明的刑事辯護律師，取得了無罪認定。➤court-appointed (especially NAmE) 法庭指定的律師➤government, private (especially NAmE) 政府／私人律師➤civilian, military民法／軍法律師➤appellate (NAmE) 上訴律師▸➤international, local國際／本地律師▸➤antitrust, bankruptcy, civil, civil rights, commercial, constitutional, corporate, criminal, divorce, employment, family, human rights, immigration, labor, libel, malpractice, patent, personal-injury, tax, tort (NAmE) 反壟斷案／破產案／民事案／民權案／商業案／憲法案／公司法／刑事案／離婚案／用工法／家庭／人權案／移民／勞動糾紛／誹謗案／瀆職案／專利糾紛／人身傷害案／稅務／侵權案律師  ➡ note at professional (for verbs)
IELTS BNC: 1962 COCA: 816
lawyer

noun

lawyer ♦︎ attorney ♦︎ solicitor ♦︎ counsel ♦︎ barrister ♦︎ the Bar ♦︎ advocateThese are all words for a person who is qualified to advise people about the law or to represent them in court. 这些词均表示律师。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel / a barrister / an advocate for sb◆a good / practising lawyer / attorney / solicitor / barrister / advocate◆(an) experienced lawyer / attorney / solicitor / counsel / barrister / advocate◆the chief lawyer / attorney / counsel / advocate◆a defence lawyer / attorney / solicitor / counsel / barrister / advocate◆(a) prosecuting / prosecution lawyer / attorney / solicitor / counsel / barrister◆to appoint / hire / instruct / consult a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel / a barrister◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel / a barrister / an advocate represents sb◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / an advocate acts for sb◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel advises sb◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel argues / claims / submits sth◆a lawyer / an attorney / a solicitor / counsel / a barrister cross-examines sb■ lawyer [countable] a person who is trained and qualified to advise people about the law and to represent them in court, and to write legal documents 律师◆Lawyers for the families said they were pleased with the decision.这些家庭的律师说，他们对这个裁定很满意。◆You'll be hearing from my lawyer.你将收到我方的律师函。◆You would be wise to consult a lawyer.你应该找律师咨询一下，那样做才是明智的。■ attorney əˈtɜːni; NAmE əˈtɜːrni [countable] (especially NAmE) a lawyer, especially one who can represent sb in court （尤指代表当事人出庭的）律师◆Acting on the advice of his attorney, he remained silent.按照律师的建议，他保持了沉默。■ solicitor səˈlɪsɪtə(r) [countable](in Britain) a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example the sale of land or buildings, advises people on legal matters, and can represent them in some courts （英国）事务律师，诉状律师◆Her first step was to contact a solicitor for advice.她第一步是找一位事务律师咨询。■ counsel ˈkaʊnsl [uncountable] (law 法律) a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in court 法律顾问；出席律师◆The court then heard counsel for the dead woman's father.法庭接着听取了女死者父亲的委任律师的陈述。◆ (BrE) Williams is the leading counsel for the victims' groups (= the main lawyer in the group representing them).威廉斯是受害人律师团的首席律师。◆ (NAmE) the lead counsel首席律师■ barrister ˈbærɪstə(r) [countable](in England and Wales) a lawyer who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts （英格兰和威尔士有资格在高级法庭进行辩护的）大律师，出庭律师，辩护律师◆The solicitor must instruct a barrister to appear before the court.事务律师必须委托辩护律师出庭。■ the Bar [singular] the profession of barrister or lawyer 大律师职业；律师职业◆She studied law and was called to the Bar (= was allowed to work as a qualified barrister) in 2004.她专修法律并于2004年获得大律师资格。◆The changes were met with opposition from members of the Bar.那些变更遭到一些律师的反对。ⓘ In Britain, the Bar refers only to the profession of barrister. In the US, the Bar refers to the profession of any kind of lawyer. * the Bar在英国仅指大律师职业，而在美国可指任何类型的律师职业。■ advocate ˈædvəkət [countable] a person who defends sb in court; (in Scotland) a lawyer who has the right to argue cases in higher courts 辩护律师；出庭辩护人；（苏格兰）大律师◆Those charged should be represented by trained, qualified legal advocates.那些被告应该要有训练有素的合格律师为他们辩护。NOTE 辨析 Lawyer, attorney, solicitor, counsel, barrister or advocate? Lawyer is a general term for a person who is qualified to advise people about the law, to prepare legal documents or represent people in court. In American English, attorney can be used in the same way as lawyer. In England and Wales, a lawyer who is qualified to speak in the higher courts is called a barrister. In Scotland, this is called an advocate. Counsel is the formal legal word for a lawyer who is representing sb in court. Solicitor is the British term for a lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares documents, and sometimes has the right to speak in court, especially a lower court. * lawyer是个统称，指有资格提供法律咨询、为当事人准备法律文件或代表当事人出庭的律师。在美式英语中，attorney与lawyer用法相同；在英格兰和威尔士，有资格在高级法院出庭辩护的律师称作barrister，而在苏格兰这种律师称作advocate；counsel为正式法律术语，指代表当事人出庭的律师；solicitor为英国法律术语，指提供法律咨询、准备法律文件、有时有权出庭（尤在初级法院）辩护的律师。
IELTS BNC: 1962 COCA: 816

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