-
the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal’s body that corresponds to this （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背 
- on your back
He was lying on his back on the sofa. 他仰面躺在沙发上。 Do you sleep on your back or your front? 你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？ - with your back to somebody/something
She was standing with her back to the camera so you can't see her face. 她背对着镜头站着，所以你看不到她的脸。 - behind your back
They had their hands tied behind their backs. 他们双手被反剪起来。 - at your back
They set off with the wind at their backs (= behind them). 他们背着风出发了。 your lower/upper back 你的下/上背部 - in your/the back
I have a nagging pain in my lower back. 我后腰老是疼。 Most of the victims were shot in the back. 大多数受害者都是背部中枪。 a bad (= painful) back 背部疼痛。 I pulled (= injured the muscles in) my back playing squash. 我打壁球时拉伤了背部肌肉。 She was laid up with severe back pain. 她因背部剧痛而卧床不起。 A small boy rode on the elephant's back. 一个小男孩骑在大象背上。
Collocations Physical appearancesee also bareback, horsebackPhysical appearance 外貌 - A person may be described as having:
描述一个人的长相可用 have 一词：
Eyes 眼睛 - (bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes
（明亮的）蓝／绿／（深／浅）棕色／浅绿褐色眼睛 - deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes
凹陷的／凸出的眼睛 - small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/(informal) shifty eyes
小的／小珠般圆亮的／亮晶晶的／闪闪发亮的／贼溜溜的眼睛 - piercing/penetrating/steely eyes
敏锐的／锐利的眼睛；冷冰冰的眼神 - bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes
布满血丝的／水汪汪的／肿胀的眼睛 - bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows
浓密的／扬起的／弓形的眉毛 - long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes
长长的／浓密的／弯曲的／假的眼睫毛
Face 脸 - a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose
塌／蒜头／尖头／尖／短平而上翘的鼻子 - a straight/a hooked/a Roman/(formal) an aquiline nose
挺直的鼻子；鹰钩鼻；高鼻梁；鹰钩鼻 - full/thick/thin/pouty lips
丰满的／厚／薄／翘嘴唇 - dry/chapped/cracked lips
干的／皲裂的／干裂的嘴唇 - flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks
发红的／红润的／苍白的面颊 - soft/chubby/sunken cheeks
柔嫩的／胖乎乎的／凹陷的面颊 - white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth
洁白的／完好无缺的／参差不齐的／凸出来的牙齿 - a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead
大大的／高高的／宽大的／后倾的前额 - a strong/weak/pointed/double chin
硬朗的／瘦削的／尖／双下巴 - a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard
长／大／浓密的／一小撮／山羊胡子 - a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache
长长的／稀疏的／浓密的／耷拉着的／翘／细直的八字胡
Hair and skin 头发和皮肤 - pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin
苍白的／白皙的／橄榄色的／黝黑的／晒黑的皮肤 - dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin
干性的／油性的／光滑的／粗糙的／有皱纹的皮肤 - a dark/pale/light/sallow/ruddy/olive/swarthy/clear complexion
黝黑的／苍白的／白皙的／蜡黄的／红润的／浅褐色的／黝黑的／无瑕的面容 - deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles
深深的／细小的／小的／面部的皱纹 - blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/(British English) ginger/grey hair
金黄色的／浅色的／（浅／深）棕色的／乌黑的／红褐色的／红色的／姜黄色的／灰白色的头发 - straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair
直发；鬈发；波浪形的／鬈曲的／刺猬式的头发 - thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair
厚密的／稀疏的／纤细的／浓密的／逐渐稀少的头发 - dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair
染了色的／漂白了的／柔顺的／丝滑的／干性的／油性的／有光泽的头发 - long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair
长／短／齐肩／剪短了的头发 - a bald/balding/shaved head
秃头；开始秃顶的头；剃光了的头 - a receding hairline
后移的发际线 - a bald patch/spot
秃了的一块 - a side/centre(British English) parting
偏分；中分
Body 身体 - a long/short/thick/slender/(disapproving) scrawny neck
长／短／粗／细／干瘦的脖子 - broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders
宽／窄／斜／圆／耸肩膀 - a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest
赤裸的／宽阔的／肌肉发达的胸膛；小胸；大胸 - a flat/swollen/bulging stomach
扁平的／鼓胀的／鼓起的肚子 - a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist
纤细的／28英寸的腰 - big/wide/narrow/slim hips
大的／宽的／窄小的／苗条的臀部 - a straight/bent/arched/broad/hairy back
直的／弯曲的／弓着的／宽大的／多毛的背部 - thin/slender/muscular arms
瘦削的／细长的／肌肉发达的臂膀 - big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands
大的／小的／修剪整齐的／有老茧的／戴着手套的手 - long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers
长的／短的／粗的／细长的／纤细的／瘦削的手指 - long/muscular/hairy/shapely/(both informal, often disapproving) skinny/spindly legs
- muscular/chubby/(informal, disapproving) flabby thighs
肌肉发达的／胖乎乎的／肥胖的大腿 - big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet
大的／小的／娇小可爱的／宽的／窄的／光着的脚 - a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure
好的／修长的／苗条的／沙漏形身材 - be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stocky build
有着苗条的／中等的／普通的／大块头的／健壮的／矮壮的身材
Extra ExamplesTopics Bodya1He stood with his back to the door. 他背对着门站着。 a back massage 背部按摩 He was carrying a small child on his back. 他背着一个小孩。 They blindfolded him and tied his hands behind his back. 他们蒙上了他的眼睛，把他的手绑在背后。 He was standing with his back to the fire. 他背对着炉火站着。 He smiled and gave me a hearty slap on the back. 他笑了笑，亲切地拍了一下我的背。 He yawned and stretched his back as he got out of bed. 他起床时打着哈欠伸着懒腰。 The cat arched its back and hissed at the dog. 猫弓起身子，冲着狗咝咝地叫。 He hunches his back when he walks. 他走路时背弓着。 His back stiffened as he saw the photographers waiting. 看到摄影师等着，他挺直了身板。 He leaned his back against the bar. 他背靠着吧台。 He's in bed with a bad back. 他后背疼痛卧病在床。 I was flat on my back for six weeks when I broke my leg. 我摔断腿后在床上躺了 6 周。 She felt a sharp pain in the small of her back. 她感到腰部一阵剧痛。 The sun beat down on their bare backs. 太阳火辣辣地照射在他们赤裸的背上。 Would you give me a back rub? 你能给我按摩一下后背吗？ I need a seat with good back support. 我需要一个靠背好的座位。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- broad
- slender
- muscular
- …
- bend
- hunch
- straighten
- …
- arch
- stiffen
- straighten
- …
- injury
- pain
- trouble
- …
- behind somebody’s back
- flat on your back
- on your back
- …
- somebody’s back is turned
- back to back
- a pat on the back
- …
- on your back
-
the row of bones in the middle of the back 脊柱；脊梁骨 She broke her back in a riding accident. 她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。 He spent six months recovering from a broken back. 他背部骨折 6 个月才康复。 He put his back out (= dislocated something in his back) lifting the crates. 他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- broad
- slender
- muscular
- …
- bend
- hunch
- straighten
- …
- arch
- stiffen
- straighten
- …
- injury
- pain
- trouble
- …
- behind somebody’s back
- flat on your back
- on your back
- …
- somebody’s back is turned
- back to back
- a pat on the back
- …
- [usually singular]
the part or area of something that is furthest from the front 后部；后面；末尾 She was hit on the back of the head. 她被击中了后脑勺。 He kicked the ball straight into the back of the net. 他把球直接踢进了球网的后面。 The man was refusing to go to the back of the queue. 那个人拒绝到后面排队。 - at the back
The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back. 房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。 We could only get seats at the back (= of a room). 我们只能找到后排的座位。 - in the back (British English)
There's room for three people in the back (= of a car, etc.). 后排的空间可容三人。 - in back (North American English)
There's room for three people in back. 后排的空间可容三人。 - around the back
Come around the back (= to the area behind the house) and I'll show you the garden. 从后面绕过来，我带你去看花园。
Which Word? at the back / at the rear / behindat the back / at the rear / behind- At the back and at the rear have a similar meaning, but at the rear is used more in formal or official language:
at the back 和 at the rear 意义相近，但 at the rear 多用于正式或官方语言： What’s that at the back of the fridge? 冰箱尽里头那东西是什么？ Smoking is only allowed at the rear of the aircraft. 只有飞机后舱允许抽烟。
Our room was at the back of the hotel 我们的房间在旅馆靠后面的地方。
和： There’s a lovely wood just behind our hotel 在我们旅馆的后面就有一片美丽的树林。
Extra ExamplesHe was shot in the back of the knee. 他被子弹击中了腘窝。 I found some old photos at the back of the drawer. 我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。 They were sitting in the back of the truck. 他们坐在卡车的后面。 My money's all fallen down the back of the cushion. 我的钱都从垫子后面掉下去了。 The cup had been pushed to the back of the cupboard. 杯子给推到橱柜后部去了。 Two passengers sat in the back of the car. 两名乘客坐在轿车的后排。
Oxford Collocations Dictionarypreposition- around back
- around the back
- round the back
- …
- back to front
- [usually singular]
the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it （文件等的）背面 - on the back
Take a card and write your name on the back. 拿一张卡片，在背面写上你的名字。 - on the back of something
He scribbled some figures on the back of an envelope. 他在信封背面潦草地写了一些数字。
- on the back
- [usually singular]
the last few pages of a book, etc. （书等的）最后几页，末尾 - at the back (of something)
The television guide is at the back of the paper. 电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。 - in the back (of something)
The answer key is in the back of the book. 答案在书的后面。 - towards the back (of something)
The article I mentioned is in that magazine—towards the back I think. 我提到的那篇文章在那本杂志上——我想是后面。 The arts page is usually towards the back of the newspaper. 艺术版通常排在报纸的后几版。
- at the back (of something)
the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back （椅子等的）靠背 
(in adjectives 构成形容词 used to describe furniture that has the type of back mentioned （家具）…靠背的 a high-backed sofa 高靠背沙发
(in some sports 某些体育运动 a player whose main role is to defend their team’s goal 后卫
part of body身体部位
part furthest from front后部
of piece of paper纸张
of book书刊
of chair椅子
-backed靠背…
in sport体育运动
Word OriginOld English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback.
Idioms
at/in the back of your mind
if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind, you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about 在潜意识里；依稀记得 At the back of my mind was a small, warning voice, telling me it was wrong. 在我的脑海后面是一个小小的警告的声音，告诉我这是错误的。 The problem was always at the back of my mind. 这个问题我一直记着。
somebody's back is turned
when somebody's back is turned they are not present and not able to see what is happening 过去；从前；旧时 Officers are ready to issue a parking ticket as soon as a driver's back is turned. 司机一转身，警察就准备开出停车罚单。
the back of beyond
- (informal)
a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc. 偏僻地方；边远地区 We stayed in some farmhouse in the back of beyond. 我们住在远处的某个农舍里。
(on the) back of an envelope
used to talk about planning or calculating something in a way that is not detailed, exact or complete 用于谈论计划或计算方式不详尽，不准确或不完整的内容 We added up our savings on the back of an envelope. 我们在信封背面写上了我们的存款。 back-of-the-envelope calculations 粗略计算
back to back
if two people stand or sit back to back, they stand or sit with their backs facing or touching each other 背靠背；背对背 The children sat back to back so they couldn't see each others' drawings. 孩子背对背坐着， 以免看见彼此的画。
if two or more things happen back to back, they happen one after the other 接连地；接二连三 The team had to play three games back to back. 这个队不得不连续打三场比赛。
back to front (British English)
(North American English backwards)
if you put on a piece of clothing back to front, you make a mistake and put the back where the front should be （衣服）前后颠倒（或前后穿反）
be glad, etc. to see the back of somebody/something
behind somebody’s back
without somebody’s knowledge or permission 背着某人；背地里；私下 Have you been talking about me behind my back? 你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？ They went ahead and sold it behind my back. 他们径自背着我把它卖了。 People say bad things about him behind his back, but never to his face. 人们在背后说他的坏话，但从不当面说。
be on somebody’s back
- (informal)
to keep asking or telling somebody to do something that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying 缠磨；烦扰 He’s still on my back about that money I borrowed. 关于我借的那笔钱，他仍然对我耿耿于怀。
break the back of something
to finish the largest or most important part of a task 完成（任务等的）主要部分 I want to break the back of this translation before the weekend. 我想在周末之前把这个翻译的背面折下来。
cover your back (informal)
(North American English also cover your ass taboo, slang)
get/put somebody’s back up
get off somebody’s back
have (got) somebody’s back
have your back to the wall
- (informal)
to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do something but are unable to make the choices that you would like 处于背水一战的境地；没有退路 We had our backs to the wall with no choice but to sell. 我们别无选择，只能出售。
have eyes in the back of your head
to be aware of everything that is happening around you, even things that seem difficult or impossible to see 脑后长眼；眼光敏锐；什么都能觉察到 You can’t get away with anything in her class. She has eyes in the back of her head. 你在她班上什么都逃不掉。她后脑勺有眼睛。
know somebody/something inside out | know somebody/something like the back of your hand
the last/final straw | the straw that breaks the camel’s back
the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer 压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草；终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事（或因素等）
make a rod for your own back
to do something that will cause problems for you in the future 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
off the back of something (informal)
immediately after something （与某物）有距离 They come into this game off the back of a 1–0 defeat to Chelsea. 他们是在0:1输给切尔西后才开始这场比赛的。
off/on the back of something
as a result of an achievement or a success 由于（某项成就）
off the back of a lorry
- (British English, informal, humorous)
goods that fell off the back of a lorry were probably stolen. People say or accept that they came ‘off the back of a lorry’ to avoid saying or asking where they really came from. （指货物等）来路不明
(flat) on your back
a pat on the back (for something/for doing something)
pat somebody/yourself on the back
- (informal)
to praise somebody or yourself for doing something well 表扬，称赞（某人或自己）
push something to the back of your mind
put your back into something
to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task 全力以赴
the shirt off somebody’s back
anything that somebody has, including the things they really need themselves, that somebody else takes from them or they are willing to give （别人拿走或自愿送掉的）全部家当 He was the type of person who would give you the shirt off his back. 他是那种会把衬衫脱下来给你的人。
a stab in the back
- (informal)
an act that harms somebody, done by a person they thought was a friend 背后捅刀子；对给予信任的人的陷害（或中伤） Her refusal to support his campaign was a real stab in the back. 她拒绝支持他的竞选，这是一个真正的暗箭。
stab somebody in the back
to do or say something that harms somebody who trusts you 在某人背后捅刀子；陷害（或中伤）信任你的人
turn your back
to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction 扭头；转身
turn your back on somebody/something
to move so that you are standing or sitting with your back facing somebody/something 转身背对某人（或某物） to reject somebody/something that you have previously been connected with 背弃；抛弃
watch your back
to protect yourself against danger 表扬，称赞（某人或自己） She'd better watch her back if she wants to hold onto the top job. 如果她想保住最高职位，最好小心点。
(like) water off a duck’s back
you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours
- (saying)
used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others 礼尚往来；私相授受