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IELTS BNC: 342 COCA: 550
cost

noun¹

 1money needed to buy sth費用ADJECTIVE | VERB + COST | COST + VERB | COST + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, high相當大的／高額的費用◇The high cost of energy was a problem for consumers.能源費用高對消費者來說是一個問題。➤enormous, exorbitant, huge, prohibitive巨大的／極高的／巨額的／令人望而卻步的費用◇The cost of repairs would be prohibitive.修理費會高得令人卻步。➤low, minimal低費用；最低費用▸➤escalating, increasing, rising, soaring, spiralling/spiraling不斷上漲的／不斷增加的／上升的／飛漲的／連續上漲的費用▸➤basic基本費用▸➤full, overall, total全部費用；總花銷◇You will have to bear the full cost of the work.你得承擔這項工作的全部費用。➤added, additional, extra追加費用；額外費用◇She was unwilling to pay the extra cost to get a room to herself.她不願意多付錢自己住一個房間。➤associated相關費用➤hidden隱藏的費用▸➤average平均花費◇A total of 3.6 million tickets at an average cost of $58 are available.比賽共有 360 萬張票供出售，平均每張 58 美元。➤gross, net總費用；淨花費▸➤budgeted, estimated, projected預算／估計的／預期費用▸➤likely, potential可能的／潛在的花費▸➤real, true實際費用▸➤annual, monthly, etc.每年、每月等的費用▸➤replacement更換費用◇What is the current replacement cost of these assets?現在更換這些資產的成本是多少？➤marginal (business商業) 邊際成本◇Competition will drive the price down near to the marginal cost (= the cost of the work and materials to produce the product).競爭將把售價壓至接近邊際成本。➤per-unit, unit (= the cost of producing one item) (business商業) 單位成本➤initial, upfront先期／預付費用▸➤capital, start-up (both business商業) 資本／啟動成本◇The capital cost of these projects (= what it costs to set them up) is some $100 million.這些項目的資本成本大約是 1 億美元。➤direct, indirect直接／間接成本VERB + COST➤carry, have需要／包含⋯費用◇The entire project carries a cost of $2 million.整個工程需要 200 萬美元的費用。➤bear, cover, meet, pay承擔費用；支付費用◇Contractors can now be required to carry the cost of delays.現在可以要求承包商承擔延誤費。◇Allow €100 per day to cover the cost of meals.每天留出 100 歐元來支付餐費。◇Delegates receive allowances to meet the cost of travel.代表有差旅費津貼。➤drive up, increase, push up推高／增加／提高費用◇Inflation is pushing up the cost of living.通貨膨脹推高了生活成本。➤bring down, cut, decrease, drive down, lower, reduce, slash減少費用；削減費用；降低花費▸➤keep down壓低費用▸➤estimate, put估計費用◇I would put the cost of a new employee at $80 000 a year.我估計雇一名新員工的費用為一年 8 萬美元。➤calculate, work out計算／算出花費➤afford負擔得起花費➤spread分攤費用◇You can spread the cost of your loan repayment over 10 years.你可以將貸款分 10 年償還。➤reimburse償還費用➤offset抵消費用➤share, subsidize分擔／補貼費用COST + VERB➤escalate, go up, increase, rise, soar費用逐步上漲／上升／增加／上漲／猛增◇The cost of dental treatment is increasing.治牙的費用在上漲。➤fall, go down費用下跌／降低COST + NOUN➤reduction, savings費用的降低／節省◇the pursuit of cost reduction力求降低費用➤increase費用的增加➤containment, control成本遏制／控制▸➤overrun費用超支◇There were cost overruns on each project.每個工程都有超支的費用。➤estimate成本概算➤advantage成本優勢➤structure成本結構▸➤base成本基礎◇It is essential that we operate with the lowest possible cost base and most efficient facilities.我們要以盡可能低的成本基礎和最有效的設備來運營，這一點至關重要。➤accounting成本會計PREPOSITION➤at a cost of以⋯的費用◇A new computer system has been installed at a cost of £80 000.一個新的計算機系統已經安裝完成，費用為 8 萬英鎊。➤cost to⋯需承擔的花費◇The cost to the government will be quite high.政府花費會相當高。PHRASES➤an increase in cost, a reduction in cost費用的上升／降低▸➤at great cost, at a great cost to sth以高額費用；以⋯的高額費用◇The victory was achieved at great cost to the country's infrastrucure.這一勝利是在國家投入高額基礎設施費用的基礎上實現的。➤at minimal cost, at a minimal cost to sth以最少的費用；以⋯的最少費用◇Now people can access the Internet at minimal cost.現在人們可以以極低的費用上網。➤at no extra cost無額外費用◇The hotel offers tea and coffee at no extra cost.酒店供應茶和咖啡，不另收費。➤the cost of living生活成本◇The cost of living has risen sharply in the last year.去年生活成本急劇上漲。➤cost per day, unit, child, etc.每日、每個單位、每個孩子等的費用◇the cost per day for an electrician雇用一名電工的每日費用
cost

noun²

 2costs money needed to run a business, home, etc.成本；開支ADJECTIVE | VERB + COSTS | COSTS + VERB ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, high, huge相當高的成本；巨額成本；高成本▸➤low低成本▸➤escalating, increasing, rising, soaring, spiralling/spiraling不斷上漲的／不斷增加的／上升的／飛漲的／連續上漲的成本◇We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs.因為成本不斷上漲，我們不得不提高價格。➤administration, administrative, borrowing, construction, development, fuel, labour/labor, maintenance, manufacturing, production, research行政開支；借款成本；建設成本；開發成本；燃料開支；勞動力成本；維修成本；製造成本；生產成本；研究成本◇research and development costs研發成本➤operating, running運營成本➤shipping, transport, transportation, travel運輸成本；差旅費➤health-care, medical保健／醫療開支▸➤fixed, variable (business商業) 固定／可變成本◇Fixed costs include rent.固定成本包括租金。➤out-of-pocket付現成本➤overhead間接費用VERB + COSTS➤incur產生費用◇The corporation will pay all costs and expenses incurred.公司將支付產生的所有費用。➤pay支付費用▸➤increase增加成本▸➤bring down, cut, lower, reduce減少成本；降低成本◇The company has to find ways of cutting costs.公司得找到削減成本的方法。➤control, keep down, minimize控制／降低／盡可能降低成本◇The use of cheap materials helped to keep costs down.使用廉價原料有助於降低成本。➤cover支付費用◇We're hoping that we'll at least cover costs at the conference.我們希望至少能付得起會議的開支。➤recoup, recover收回成本➤defray支付費用COSTS + VERB➤be associated, be involved開支與⋯相關／有關◇the costs associated with buying and selling property與資產買賣有關的開支➤escalate, go up, increase, rise, soar成本逐步上漲／上升／增加／上漲／猛增◇The company's costs have risen over the last 5 years.公司成本在過去 5 年裏上漲了。
cost

noun³

 3effort/loss/damage to achieve sth代價ADJECTIVE | VERB + COST | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, huge相當大的代價；高昂的代價；沉重的代價◇They advanced a few hundred yards, but at a heavy cost in life.他們推進了幾百碼，但是人員傷亡十分慘重。➤dreadful, terrible可怕的代價◇the terrible cost of the war in death and suffering這場戰爭造成的死亡與苦難的可怕代價➤real, true實際的代價▸➤environmental, financial, human, personal, political, social環境／金錢／人力／個人／政治／社會代價◇the environmental cost of nuclear power核動力的環境代價VERB + COST➤outweigh大於損耗◇Do the benefits outweigh the costs?收益是否大於損耗？➤suffer (especially NAmE) 蒙受損失◇The country has suffered the enormous cost of trade sanctions.該國蒙受了貿易制裁所造成的巨大損失。➤count計算損失◇The town is now counting the cost of its failure to provide adequate flood protection.鎮裏目前正在計算由於防洪不力而導致的損失。PREPOSITION➤at cost (to), at a cost (to)以（⋯的）代價◇He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable cost to his health.他連續不斷地工作了 3 個月，健康受到很大損害。◇The raid was foiled, but at a cost: an injured officer who was lucky to survive.襲擊被挫敗了，但也付出了代價：一名警察受了傷，所幸沒有生命危險。➤at the cost of以⋯為代價◇She saved him from the fire but at the cost of her own life.她從火中把他救了出來，卻犧牲了自己的生命。➤cost in⋯方面的代價◇I felt a need to please people, whatever the cost in time and energy.我覺得需要讓大家滿意，耗費多少時間和精力都在所不惜。PHRASES➤costs and benefits代價和好處◇the costs and benefits of this strategy這一戰略的代價和好處➤at all costs, at any cost不惜一切代價◇You must stop the press finding out at all costs.你必須不惜一切代價防止媒體發現真相。➤to your cost付出代價◇He's a ruthless businessman, as I know to my cost (= I know from my own bad experience).我吃了苦頭後才知道他是個無情的商人。
cost

noun⁴

 4costs in a court case訴訟ADJECTIVE | VERB + COSTS ADJECTIVE➤court, legal訴訟費用➤administrative行政訴訟費用VERB + COSTS➤incur產生訴訟費用◇Both sides incurred costs of over $50 000.雙方須付 5 萬多美元的訴訟費用。➤pay支付訴訟費◇He was fined £200 and ordered to pay costs.他被罰款 200 英鎊，並被勒令承擔訴訟費用。➤be awarded免付訴訟費用◇If you win your case you will normally be awarded costs.如果你贏了官司，通常訴訟費用由對方承擔。
cost

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤fully, properly充分／準確估計成本◇The project has not been properly costed yet.這項工程的成本還沒有被準確估算出來。PREPOSITION➤at花費估計為⋯◇The project was costed at €6 million.這個項目的花費估計為 600 萬歐元。

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