- [uncountable]
activities that involve breaking the law 犯罪活动；不法行为 This month's figures show an increase in violent crime. 本月数字显示暴力犯罪在增加。 There needs to be a partnership between police and public in the fight against crime. 在打击犯罪的斗争中，警方和公众之间需要建立伙伴关系。 Stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year. 商店每年在防止犯罪方面的花费越来越多。 DNA data is extremely useful in fighting serious crime. DNA数据在打击严重犯罪方面极其有用。 He began to drift into a life of petty crime (= crime that is not very serious). 他开始过着轻微犯罪的生活。 gun/knife crime 持枪/持刀犯罪 a rise in street crime 街头犯罪的增加 the connection between drugs and organized crime 毒品与有组织犯罪之间的联系 He turned to crime when he dropped out of school. 他辍学后走上犯罪道路。 The crime rate is rising. 犯罪率正在上升。 crime fiction/novels (= stories about crime) 描写犯罪活动的小说 crime figures/statistics 犯罪数字／统计数字 Victims of crime may be able to obtain compensation. 犯罪受害人可能会得到赔偿。 She’s a crime writer (= she writes stories about crime). 她是罪案小说作家。
Collocations Criminal justiceCriminal justice 刑事审判 Breaking the law 犯法 - break/violate/obey/uphold the law
违反／违背／遵守／维护法律 - be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud
因犯罪／抢劫／诈骗而被调查／逮捕／审判 - be arrested/ (especially North American English) indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/(especially US English) felony charges
因被控犯强奸罪／诈骗罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起诉／定罪 - be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting
因涉嫌纵火／抢劫／在商店行窃而被逮捕 - be accused of/be charged with murder/(especially North American English) homicide/four counts of fraud
被指控犯有谋杀罪／杀人罪／四项诈骗罪 - face two charges of indecent assault
面临两项猥亵罪的指控 - admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for something)
承认（对某事的）罪责／责任 - deny the allegations/claims/charges
否认指控 - confess to a crime
坦白罪行 - grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail
准许／不准保释；交保释金获释；弃保潜逃
The legal process 法律程序 - stand/await/bring somebody to/come to/be on trial
受审；候审；把某人送交法院审判；开庭审理；受到审判 - take somebody to/come to/settle something out of court
把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事 - face/avoid/escape prosecution
面临／免于／逃脱起诉 - seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel
寻求／聘请／有权聘用／无权聘用律师 - hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial
开庭；出庭；休庭 - sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury
担任／影响／说服陪审团 - sit/stand/appear/be put/place somebody in the dock
坐在／站在／出现在／被送上／将某人送上被告席 - plead guilty/not guilty to a crime
认罪；不认罪 - be called to/enter (British English) the witness box
被召唤进入／进入证人席 - take/put somebody on the stand/(North American English) the witness stand
出庭作证；让某人出庭作证 - call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness
传唤／以传票传唤／讯问／盘问证人 - give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of somebody
提供／听取对某人不利／有利的证据 - raise/withdraw/overrule an objection
提出／撤销／否决异议 - reach a unanimous/majority verdict
作出一致的／多数人赞同的裁决 - return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death
作出／宣布无罪／非法杀人／意外死亡的裁决 - convict/acquit the defendant of the crime
宣判被告有罪／无罪 - secure a conviction/your acquittal
获得有罪／无罪判决 - lodge/file an appeal
提出上诉 - appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict
对判决／裁决提出上诉／质疑；维持／撤销判决／裁决
Sentencing and punishment 判刑与惩罚 - pass sentence on somebody
宣布对某人的判决 - carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence
会被判处／面临／服七年徒刑／无期徒刑 - receive/be given the death penalty
被判死刑 - be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)
被判十年（监禁） - carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)
会被判处／处以／缴纳（3 000 美元的）罚金／（14 年的）监禁 - be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder
因持有毒品罪／诈骗罪／谋杀罪被监禁 - do/serve time/ten years
服刑；服十年徒刑 - be sent to/put somebody in/be released from jail/prison
被送进监狱；把某人送进监狱；被释放出狱 - be/put somebody/spend X years on death row
在／把某人关在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度过…年 - be granted/be denied/break (your) parole
获准假释；假释遭拒；违反假释规定
Culture punishmentpunishmentPunishment for people who break the law is decided in a court of law. In the US, federal, state and local governments each have their own systems of law and of punishment. The Constitution does not permit ‘cruel and unusual punishment’, but it is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to decide whether a punishment is ‘cruel and unusual’. In Britain, the Scottish legal system is different from that in England and Wales, but methods of punishment are similar throughout Britain.When an accused person is found guilty of a crime, the judge decides what punishment they should suffer. In both Britain and the US the least serious offences are punished by fines (= financial payments) which must be paid to the court. Fines or fixed penalties (= fines at a level decided in advance) are often imposed for minor traffic offences such as parking where it is not permitted and can be paid without the need to go to court.If a fine is not considered enough of a punishment, a person may be sentenced to do community service (= work without pay in hospitals, homes for old people, etc.) or be put on probation (= required to have regular meetings with an official over a set period). When the crime committed is more serious, the convicted person (= person found guilty) is likely to be given a prison sentence. If it is their first offence (= the first time a person has broken the law) the sentence may be suspended (= only carried out if the person is found guilty of another crime) and the person is allowed to remain free on a conditional discharge.If a person is given a prison sentence, its length depends on how serious their crime is and on their past record (= the number of crimes they have committed). If a person thinks the sentence is too severe, they have the right to appeal against it in a higher court, which has the power to reduce the sentence. As a reward for good behaviour prisoners are often given remission (= are released early). Others get parole, which means that they can go free as long as they do not commit any further crimes. In the US the number of people on probation has increased in recent years, as there is not always room in prisons for all those given a prison sentence. A variety of non-custodial punishments (= ones not requiring time in prison) have been tried in both Britain and the US, including electronic tagging. This punishment requires people to wear a device that informs the police where they are.In Britain the maximum sentence that can be handed down (= decided) by a judge is a life sentence, which in fact usually means spending about 20-25 years in prison. The most serious punishment in the US is the death penalty. Not all states allow it, and, in those that do, there may be many years of appeals before it can be carried out.see also hate crime, true crimeExtra ExamplesTopics Crime and punishmenta2We need to do more to tackle knife crime. 我们需要做更多的工作来对付持刀犯罪。 Corporate crime—committed by businesses—should not be confused with white-collar crime, which refers to the occupation of the perpetrator and may be directed against a business. 公司犯罪不应与白领犯罪混淆，后者指的是犯罪者的职业，其罪行可能是针对企业的。 Fear of crime imprisons many elderly people in their homes. 对犯罪活动的惧怕使许多老年人闭门不出。 Gun crime is just part of an increasingly lawless society. 涉枪犯罪只是法纪日益缺失的社会的一个方面。 He says that bored youngsters turn to crime. 他说年轻人无所事事会走上犯罪道路。 How can we reduce knife crime in our cities? 怎样才能减少我们城市中的持刀行凶犯罪？ Police forces will exchange ideas on cracking crime. 警察部门将就打击犯罪活动交换意见。 The computers were sent to a crime lab for analysis. 计算机被送到罪证实验室去分析。 The public have a crucial role to play in detecting crime. 在对犯罪活动的侦查中，公众起着至关重要的作用。 Unemployed young people were likely to be tempted into a life of crime. 失业青年很容易走上犯罪之路。 a crackdown on drug-related crime 对涉毒犯罪活动的打击 a new short story by the popular crime writer 由广受欢迎的犯罪题材作家新写的一部短篇小说 a senior detective with the serious crime squad 重案组里的一位资深侦探 a time of great poverty and rampant crime 极度贫困和犯罪猖獗的时代 attempts to prevent hacking and computer crime 防止黑客非法入侵和计算机犯罪的种种努力 one of New York's biggest crime lords 纽约最大的犯罪团伙头目之一 the country's crime problem 这个国家的犯罪问题 the latest TV crime series 最新的罪案电视连续剧 the newspaper's crime reporter 该报的犯罪报道记者 More needs to be done to help the victims of crime. 有需要为犯罪受害者提供更多帮助。 She writes crime novels. 她写罪案小说。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- serious
- petty
- non-violent
- …
- carry out
- commit
- perpetrate
- …
- double
- increase
- rise
- …
- figures
- level
- rate
- …
- a crackdown on crime
- crime and disorder
- crime and punishment
- …
- [countable]
an illegal act or activity that can be punished by law 罪；罪行 There is no proof that he committed a crime (= did something illegal). 没有证据证明他犯了罪。 In his mind he was about to commit the perfect crime. 在他看来，他即将犯下完美的罪行。 Arson is a serious crime. 纵火是一种严重的犯罪。 - crime against something/somebody
The massacre was a crime against humanity. 这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。 - crime of something
Sometimes murder is a crime of passion. 有时候谋杀是激情犯罪。 DNA testing can be used to solve old crimes. DNA检测可以用来破案。 An abandoned car was found near the scene of the crime. 在犯罪现场附近发现了一辆废弃的汽车。
Collocations Crimesee also hate crime, scene-of-crime, war crimeCrime 犯罪 Committing a crime 犯罪 - commit a crime/a murder/a violent assault/a brutal killing/an armed robbery/fraud
犯罪／谋杀罪／暴力侵犯他人身体罪／残杀罪／持械抢劫罪／诈骗罪 - be involved in terrorism/a suspected arson attack/people smuggling/human trafficking
参与恐怖主义活动；涉嫌纵火袭击；参与人口走私／人口贩卖 - engage/participate in criminal activity/illegal practices/acts of mindless vandalism
参与犯罪活动／非法活动／愚昧的故意毁坏他人财产的行为 - steal somebody’s wallet/purse/(British English) mobile phone/(North American English) cell phone
偷某人的钱包／手机 - rob a bank/a person/a tourist
抢劫银行／他人／游客 - break into/ (British English) burgle/ (North American English) burglarize a house/a home/an apartment
入室盗窃 - hijack a plane/ship/bus
劫持飞机／轮船／公共汽车 - smuggle drugs/weapons/arms/immigrants
走私毒品／武器／军火；偷运移民 - launder drug money (through something)
（通过…）洗毒资 - forge documents/certificates/passports
伪造文件／证件／护照 - take/accept/pay somebody/offer (somebody) a bribe
索取／收受贿赂；向（某人）行贿 - run a phishing/an email/an internet scam
进行网络钓鱼／电子邮件／互联网诈骗
Fighting crime 打击犯罪 - combat/fight crime/terrorism/corruption/drug trafficking
打击犯罪／恐怖主义／腐败／贩毒 - prevent/stop credit-card fraud/child abuse/software piracy
防止／阻止信用卡诈骗／虐待儿童／软件盗版 - deter/stop criminals/burglars/thieves/shoplifters/vandals
威慑／阻止犯罪分子／入室盗窃者／小偷／商店扒手／故意破坏公物者 - reduce/tackle/crack down on knife/gun/violent/street crime; (especially British English) antisocial behaviour
减少／处理／严厉打击持刀／持枪／暴力／街头犯罪／反社会行为 - foil a bank raid/a terrorist plot
挫败一起银行抢劫案／一次恐怖分子的阴谋 - help/support/protect the victims of crime
帮助／支持／保护犯罪活动的受害者
Investigating crime 调查犯罪活动 - report a crime/a theft/a rape/an attack/(especially British English) an incident to the police
向警方举报不法行为／偷窃案／强奸案／袭击事件／暴力事件 - witness the crime/attack/murder/incident
目击犯罪／袭击／谋杀／暴力事件 - investigate a murder/(especially North American English) a homicide/a burglary/a robbery/the alleged incident
调查谋杀案／蓄意杀人案／入室盗窃案／抢劫案／涉嫌的暴力事件 - conduct/launch/pursue an investigation (into…); (especially British English) a police/murder inquiry
进行／开始／继续（对…的）调查／警方调查／谋杀案调查 - investigate/reopen a criminal/murder case
调查／重新审理犯罪／谋杀案件 - examine/investigate/find fingerprints at the crime scene/the scene of crime
仔细检查／调查／查找犯罪现场的指纹 - collect/gather forensic evidence
收集法医证据 - uncover new evidence/a fraud/a scam/a plot/a conspiracy/political corruption/a cache of weapons
发现新证据／诈骗／欺诈／密谋／阴谋／政治腐败／私藏武器 - describe/identify a suspect/the culprit/the perpetrator/the assailant/the attacker
描述／指认嫌疑犯／罪犯／作恶者／攻击者／袭击者 - question/interrogate a suspect/witness
询问嫌疑人／目击证人 - solve/crack the case
破案
Extra ExamplesTopics Crime and punishmenta2Hate crimes are not punished severely enough in my opinion. 我认为对仇恨犯罪的惩罚不够严厉。 He boasted of having carried out the perfect crime. 他吹嘘说他的这一罪行永远不会败露。 He confessed his crime to his sister. 他向姐姐坦白了自己的罪行。 He was charged with the lesser crime of possessing a forged bond, rather than actually forging it. 他被控持有伪造债券的较轻罪名，而非伪造债券罪。 He was charged with the lesser crime of possession. 他以较轻的非法持有罪被指控。 Insider dealing has been called a victimless crime. 内幕交易被称为无受害者的犯罪行为。 Many crimes are never reported to the police. 许多犯罪行为从未向警方报告。 No weapon was found at the scene of the crime. 犯罪现场没有发现武器。 She claimed that the real crime is that burglars and muggers usually get a light sentence. 她声称，对入室盗窃者和抢劫者一般都判轻刑才是真正的犯罪。 She never faced trial for her many alleged crimes. 虽然她被指控犯下许多桩罪行，但从未受到审判。 The crime occurred in broad daylight. 这罪行发生在光天化日之下。 The punishment should fit the crime. 罚宜当罪。 a man who solves crimes using old-fashioned detective work 使用老式侦破方法破案的人 a system of justice to prosecute crimes of terrorism 对恐怖主义罪行提起公诉的司法制度 an apparently motiveless crime 看似没有动机的犯罪 crimes against humanity 危害人类罪 crimes involving firearms 与枪支有关的犯罪行为 crimes punishable by death 可判死刑的罪行 one of the most horrific crimes of recent times 近期最恐怖的犯罪活动之一 one of the most notorious crimes in British history 英国历史上最臭名昭著的罪行之一 the biggest crime since the Great Train Robbery 火车大劫案以来最大的罪案 the danger of copycat crimes in the wake of the shootings 继几起枪击事件之后出现模仿犯罪的风险 She had never committed a crime in her life. 她一生中从未犯过罪。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- appalling
- awful
- bloody
- …
- carry out
- commit
- do
- …
- involve something
- happen
- occur
- …
- scene
- victim
- suspect
- …
- crime against
- a crime of passion
- a crime of violence
- the scene of the crime
- …
- a crime[singular] (informal)
an act that you think is morally wrong or is a big mistake 不道德的行为；罪过
Word OriginMiddle English (in the sense ‘wickedness, sin’): via Old French from Latin crimen ‘judgement, offence’, based on cernere ‘to judge’.