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BNC: 79 COCA: 86

first

determiner, ordinal number
 
/fɜːst/
/fɜːrst/
Idioms
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  1.  
     happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1st第一
    • his first wife他的第一个妻子
    • the first turning on the right第一个右转弯
    • I didn't take the first bus.我没有乘坐首班公共汽车。
    • It was the first time they had ever met.这是他们初次见面。
    • It's always exciting to visit a country for the first time.第一次访问一个国家总是令人兴奋的。
    • students in their first year at college大学一年级学生
    • First impressions can be misleading.最初的印象有时会误导人。
    • She resolved to do it at the first (= earliest) opportunity.她决定一有机会就去做。
    • King Edward I (= pronounced ‘King Edward the First’)英王爱德华一世
    • the first of May/May 1st5 月 1 日
    • His second book is better than his first.他的第二部书比第一部好。
    Extra Examples
    • If he wants to see me, he should make the first move.他要是想见我，就得采取主动。
    • Local voters gave Steven Hughes first preference.当地选民首先选择了史蒂文·休斯。
    • My first impulse was to run away.我的第一个念头就是逃跑。
    • We're having chicken for the first course.我们的第一道菜是鸡肉。
    • When the first settlers moved into the area they faced immense hardship.当第一批定居者搬进这个地区时，他们面临着巨大的困难。
    • You can have first choice of all the rooms.所有房间由你优先挑选。
  2.  
     the most important or best最重要的；首要的；最优秀的
    • Your first duty is to your family.你首先应对家庭尽责。
    • She won first prize in the competition.她在竞赛中获得一等奖。
    • an issue of the first importance最重要的问题
    3. Word OriginOld English fyr(e)st; of Germanic origin, related to Old Norse fyrstr and German Fürst ‘prince’, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit prathama, Latin primus, and Greek prōtos.
Idioms Idioms containing first det. are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example on first acquaintance is at acquaintance.

first

adverb
 
/fɜːst/
/fɜːrst/
Idioms
jump to other results
  1.  
     before anyone or anything else; at the beginning首先；第一；最初
    • ‘Do you want a drink?’ ‘I'll finish my work first.’“你想喝杯饮料吗？” “我要先完成工作。”
    • First I had to decide what to wear.首先我得决定穿什么。
    • Who came first in the race (= who won)?赛跑谁第一？
    • It plunged nose first into the river.它一头跳入水中。
    • After the war, Erica went on to marry first one American millionaire and then another.战后，埃里卡先后嫁给了一个美国百万富翁和另一个美国百万富翁。
  2.  
     for the first time第一次；首次
    • When did you first meet him?你和他初次见面是何时？
    • The book was first published in 1971. 这本书于1971年首次出版。
    • The image has haunted me ever since I first saw it. 自从我第一次看到它，这个形象就一直困扰着我。
    • I first discovered the cello when I was four and a half. 我第一次发现大提琴是在四岁半的时候。
    • If there's anything really exciting, you'll hear it here first. 如果有什么真正令人兴奋的事，你会先在这里听到。
  3.  
    used to introduce the first of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing（列举时用）第一，首先 synonym firstly
    • This method has two advantages: first it is cheaper and second it is quicker.这个方法有两个优点：一是更便宜，二是较快。
    • First, however, I would like to thank the folks at the Center for Financial Education for inviting me to speak today. 然而，首先，我要感谢金融教育中心的人们邀请我今天发言。
    Language Bank firstfirstOrdering your points梳理要点
      • This study has the following aims: first, to investigate how international students in the UK use humour; second, to examine how jokes can help to establish social relationships; and third, to explore the role that humour plays in helping overseas students adjust to life in the UK.本研究有以下几个目的：第一，调查在英国的留学生如何运用幽默；第二，考察笑话如何帮助建立社交关系；第三，探究幽默对留学生适应英国生活所起的作用。
      • Let us begin by identifying some of the popular joke genres in the UK.首先我们来探究一下流行于英国的一些笑话类型。
      • Next, let us turn to/Next, let us consider the question of gender differences in the use of humour.接下来，我们来探讨一下运用幽默的性别差异问题。
      • Finally/Lastly, let us briefly examine the role of humour in defining a nation’s culture.最后，我们来简略地探讨一下幽默在界定民族文化中所起的作用。
    note at firstly, lastlylanguage bank at conclusion, process1
    Language Bank processprocessDescribing a process描述过程
      • This diagram illustrates the process of paper-making./This diagram shows how paper is made.这个图说明了造纸的过程。
      • First/First of all, logs are delivered to a paper mill, where the bark is removed and the wood is cut into small chips.首先，原木被运送到造纸厂，在那里去掉树皮，然后被切成木片。
      • Next/Second, the wood chips are pulped, either using chemicals or in a pulping machine.接下来，用化学品或磨浆机把木片化成浆。
      • Pulping breaks down the internal structure of the wood and enables/allows the natural oils to be removed.制浆过程使木材的内部结构分解，从而去除木材里的天然油。
      • Once/After the wood has been pulped, the pulp is bleached in order to remove impurities. /…is bleached so that impurities can be removed.木材制成浆后，将其漂白以去除杂质。
      • The next stage is to feed the pulp into the paper machine, where it is mixed with water and then poured onto a wire conveyor belt.下一步便是将纸浆送入制纸机，与水混合后再倒入金属传送带。
      • As the pulp travels along the conveyor belt, the water drains away. This causes the solid material to sink to the bottom, forming a layer of paper.当纸浆沿传送带传送时，水分蒸发，使得固体物质沉到底部，形成一层纸。
      • At this point the new paper is still wet, so it is passed between large heated rollers, which press out the remaining water and simultaneously dry the paper/…dry the paper at the same time.这时，新出的纸仍然是湿的，故让其经过几个巨大的热滚筒，挤压脱水并同时烘干。
      • The final stage is to wind the paper onto large rolls./Finally, the paper is wound onto large rolls.最后一步是将纸卷在巨大的卷轴上。
  4. used to emphasize that you are determined not to do something（强调不愿意）宁可，宁愿
    • She swore that she wouldn't apologize—she'd die first!她发誓决不道歉，宁死也不！
    5. Word OriginOld English fyr(e)st; of Germanic origin, related to Old Norse fyrstr and German Fürst ‘prince’, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit prathama, Latin primus, and Greek prōtos.
Idioms
at first
 
  1. at or in the beginning起初；起先
    • I didn't like the job much at first.起初我并不很喜欢这个工作。
    • At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people.起先我以为他腼腆，后来才发现他就是对别人没兴趣。
    • (saying) If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.一次不成功就反复尝试。
    Which Word? firstly / first of all / at firstfirstly / first of all / at first
    • Firstly and first (of all) are used to introduce a series of facts, reasons, opinions, etc:firstly 和 first (of all) 均用以引出一系列事实、理由、意见等：
      • The brochure is divided into two sections, dealing firstly with basic courses and secondly with advanced ones.小册子分为两部分：第一部分涉及基础课程，第二部分涉及高级课程。
      Firstly is more common in British English than in North American English.
    • At first is used to talk about the situation at the beginning of a period of time, especially when you are comparing it with a different situation at a later period:
      • Maggie had seen him nearly every day at first. Now she saw him much less.起初玛吉几乎每天都见到他，现在见到他的次数少得多了。
come first
  1. to be considered more important than anything else首要；第一；首先要考虑的
    • In any decision she makes, her family always comes first.她作任何决定都是家庭第一。
feet first
  1. with your feet touching the ground before any other part of your body脚先着地
    • He landed feet first.他落地时双脚先着地。
  2. (humorous) if you leave a place feet first, you are carried out after you are dead伸腿离开某地（指死去）
    • You'll have to carry me out feet first!想把我撵走，除非让我横着出去！
first and foremost
  1. more than anything else首要的是；首先
    • He does a little teaching, but first and foremost he's a writer.他干一点教学，但首要的是写作。
    More Like This Alliteration in idiomsAlliteration in idioms
first and last
  1. in every way that is important; completely从各方面看；完全地
    • She regarded herself, first and last, as a musician.她认为她自己是一个不折不扣的音乐家。
first come, first served
  1. (saying) people will be dealt with, seen, etc. strictly in the order in which they arrive先来先接待；先到先供应；按先来后到对待
    • Tickets are available on a first come, first served basis.票先来先买，售完为止。
first of all
  1.  
     before doing anything else; at the beginning第一；首先
    • First of all, let me ask you something.首先，让我问你一件事。
    Language Bank processprocessDescribing a process描述过程
      • This diagram illustrates the process of paper-making./This diagram shows how paper is made.这个图说明了造纸的过程。
      • First/First of all, logs are delivered to a paper mill, where the bark is removed and the wood is cut into small chips.首先，原木被运送到造纸厂，在那里去掉树皮，然后被切成木片。
      • Next/Second, the wood chips are pulped, either using chemicals or in a pulping machine.接下来，用化学品或磨浆机把木片化成浆。
      • Pulping breaks down the internal structure of the wood and enables/allows the natural oils to be removed.制浆过程使木材的内部结构分解，从而去除木材里的天然油。
      • Once/After the wood has been pulped, the pulp is bleached in order to remove impurities. /…is bleached so that impurities can be removed.木材制成浆后，将其漂白以去除杂质。
      • The next stage is to feed the pulp into the paper machine, where it is mixed with water and then poured onto a wire conveyor belt.下一步便是将纸浆送入制纸机，与水混合后再倒入金属传送带。
      • As the pulp travels along the conveyor belt, the water drains away. This causes the solid material to sink to the bottom, forming a layer of paper.当纸浆沿传送带传送时，水分蒸发，使得固体物质沉到底部，形成一层纸。
      • At this point the new paper is still wet, so it is passed between large heated rollers, which press out the remaining water and simultaneously dry the paper/…dry the paper at the same time.这时，新出的纸仍然是湿的，故让其经过几个巨大的热滚筒，挤压脱水并同时烘干。
      • The final stage is to wind the paper onto large rolls./Finally, the paper is wound onto large rolls.最后一步是将纸卷在巨大的卷轴上。
  2.  
     as the most important thing最重要；首先
    • The content of any article needs, first of all, to be relevant to the reader.任何文章的内容都首先要与读者有关。
Which Word? firstly / first of all / at firstfirstly / first of all / at first
  • Firstly and first (of all) are used to introduce a series of facts, reasons, opinions, etc:firstly 和 first (of all) 均用以引出一系列事实、理由、意见等：
    • The brochure is divided into two sections, dealing firstly with basic courses and secondly with advanced ones.小册子分为两部分：第一部分涉及基础课程，第二部分涉及高级课程。
    Firstly is more common in British English than in North American English.
  • At first is used to talk about the situation at the beginning of a period of time, especially when you are comparing it with a different situation at a later period:
    • Maggie had seen him nearly every day at first. Now she saw him much less.起初玛吉几乎每天都见到他，现在见到他的次数少得多了。
first off
  1. (informal, especially British English) before anything else首先
    • First off, let's see how much it'll cost.首先咱们看看这要花多少钱。
first up
  1. (British English, informal) to start with; before anything else第一；首先
    • First up is a report on the situation in Australia.首先是一份关于澳大利亚情况的报告。
head first
  1. moving forwards or downwards with your head in front of the rest of your body头在前；头朝下
    • He fell head first down the stairs.他倒栽葱摔下楼梯。
  2. without thinking carefully about something before acting未经深思；轻率；鲁莽 synonym headlong
    • She got divorced and rushed head first into another marriage.她离婚后又仓促再婚了。
put somebody/something first
  1. to consider somebody/something to be more important than anyone/anything else认为…最重要；把…放在第一位
    • She always puts her children first.她总是把子女放在第一位。
safety first
  1. (saying) safety is the most important thing安全第一
    • When cycling on the roads, remember: safety first.路上骑车要记住：安全第一。

first

noun
 
/fɜːst/
/fɜːrst/
Idioms
jump to other results
  1.  
    the first
    (plural the first)
    the first (to do something) the person or thing that comes or happens before all other similar people or things第一个人（或事物）
    • I was the first in my family to go to college.我是我们家第一个大学生。
    • Sheila and Jim were the first to arrive.希拉和吉姆最先到的。
  2. the first
     [singular] the earliest最早
    • The first I heard about the wedding (= the first time I became aware of it) was when I saw it in the local paper.我最初知道他们结婚的消息是从当地报纸上看到的。
    • The first I knew of a problem was around 9.30 a.m. last Monday.我最早知道有问题是在上星期一上午 9 点 30 分左右。
  3. the first
    (plural the first)
    the first to do something the most likely最有可能
    • I'd be the first to admit (= I will most willingly admit) I might be wrong.我非常愿意承认我可能错了。
    • The poorest will be the first to suffer.最贫穷的人受害的可能性最大。
    • Nurses are often the first to say they feel underappreciated. 护士往往是第一个说自己感到被低估的人。
  4. [countable, usually singular] first (for somebody) an important achievement, event, etc., never done or experienced before空前的成就；前所未有的事情
    • We went on a cruise, a first for both of us.我俩都是平生第一次去海上旅游。
    • This meeting between the two presidents is a historic first.两位总统的这次会晤是历史性的第一次。
    Topics Successc1
  5. (also first gear)
     [uncountable] the lowest gear on a car, bicycle, etc. that you use when you are moving slowly（汽车、自行车等的）一挡，最低挡
    • in first He stuck the car in first and revved.他挂上了一挡，开动了汽车。
    Extra Examples
    • It's very difficult to find first on this car.这辆车的一挡很难挂。
    • Put the car into first and crept forward slowly.先把车开进，慢慢向前爬行。
    • She engaged first gear and pulled off.她挂上一挡把车开到路边停下。
    • As he moved into first the gear-lever knob came off in his hand.他挂一挡时，变速桿的球形把手就脱落到他手里 。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverb + first
    • get into
    • move into
    • slam into
    • …
    preposition
    • in first
    See full entry
  6. [countable] first (in something) the highest level of university degree at British universities（英国大学学位）最高成绩，优等成绩
    • She got a first in maths at Exeter.她在埃克塞特大学毕业，获数学一级优等学位。
    • He did Philosophy and English Literature and got a double first.他学了哲学和英国文学，并获得了双第一。
    compare second1, thirdTopics Educationc2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • double
    verb + first
    • be awarded
    • gain
    • get
    • …
    preposition
    • first in
    See full entry
    7. Word OriginOld English fyr(e)st; of Germanic origin, related to Old Norse fyrstr and German Fürst ‘prince’, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit prathama, Latin primus, and Greek prōtos.
Idioms
first among equals
  1. the person or thing with the highest status in a group第一把手；首要的事物
    • He was regarded as the ‘first among equals’ by the other office clerks.同事们视他为首屈一指的办公室文书。
from the (very) first
  1. from the beginning从一开始
    • They were attracted to each other from the first.他俩一见倾心。
from first to last
  1. from beginning to end; during the whole time从头至尾；自始至终
    • It's a fine performance that commands attention from first to last.这是个精彩的演出，自始至终都扣人心弦。
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first

noun¹

 1 ( first gear) lowest gear on a bicycle/vehicle自行車或汽車的最低擋VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION VERB + FIRST➤get into, move into, slam into掛上頭擋◇As he moved into first, the engine made a strange noise.他掛一擋時，發動機發出奇怪的噪聲。➤engage (formal) 掛上一擋◇She engaged first gear and pulled off.她掛上一擋把車開到路邊停下。➤put sth into把⋯掛上頭擋◇Put the car into first and pull off slowly.把車掛到頭擋駛向路邊慢慢停下來。➤find找到一擋位置◇It's very difficult to find first on this car.這輛車的一擋很難掛。PREPOSITION➤in first掛一擋◇I had to drive all the way home in first.我不得不掛一擋一路開車回家。
first

noun²

 2 (BrE) highest level of university degree大學中的優等成績ADJECTIVE | VERB + FIRST | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤double兩名學科獲優等成績◇She did Philosophy and English Literature and got a double first.她修了哲學和英國文學並且都獲得了優等成績。VERB + FIRST➤be awarded, gain, get, obtain獲得優等成績PREPOSITION➤first in⋯獲得優等◇He got a first in modern history.他的現代史得了優。
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first det., adj.
⇨ first (first impressions) ⇨ top (first prize) first

determiner

,

adjective

first ♦︎ initial ♦︎ original ♦︎ preliminary ♦︎ opening ♦︎ earliest ♦︎ primary ♦︎ introductory ♦︎ preparatoryThese words all describe sth that happens or exists at the beginning. 这些词均表示最初的、开始的、最早的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆preliminary / preparatory to sth◆the first / initial / preliminary / opening / earliest / primary / introductory / preparatory stage◆first / initial / original / preliminary / opening / introductory remarks◆a first / an initial / an original / a preliminary estimate / draft / version◆the first / initial / preliminary / introductory / preparatory meeting◆a first / an initial / a preliminary step / appointment / visit◆the first / opening / introductory chapter / paragraph◆the initial / the original / a preliminary / a preparatory study◆the initial / original / preliminary findings■ first

determiner

(of a person or thing) happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1st 第一◆his first wife他的第一任妻子◆King Richard I (= said as 'King Richard the First') 英王理查一世◆It was the first time they had ever met.这是他们初次见面。◆She resolved to do it at the first opportunity.她决定一有机会就去做。◆First impressions can be misleading.最初的印象有时会误导人。◆You can have first choice of all the rooms.所有房间由你优先挑选。◆We're having chicken for the first course.我们的第一道菜是鸡肉。OPP last ⇨ last 1 , last ⇨ last 2 ▸ first

adverb

◆First I had to decide what to wear.首先我得决定穿什么。◆Who came first in the race (= who won)?赛跑谁得第一？▸ at first

idiom

◆At first I thought she was joking but then I realized she meant it.起先我以为她在开玩笑，但随后意识到她是认真的。◆I didn't like the job much at first.起初我并不太喜欢这个工作。■ initial ɪˈnɪʃl [only before noun] happening at the beginning; first 最初的；开始的；第一的◆My initial reaction was to decline the offer.我最初的反应是想要谢绝这个提议。◆It is the initial preparation that takes the time.花时间的是最初的准备工作。◆There is an initial payment of £60 followed by ten instalments of £25.首期付款60英镑，接下来还有十次25英镑的分期付款。ⓘ Initial is used especially to talk about a reaction or feeling that does not last very long * initial尤用以描述持续时间不太长的反应或感觉◆By 1960 the initial optimism had evaporated.到1960年时，最初的乐观主义已经消失了。◆sb's initial response / impression / instinct / shock / surprise / enthusiasm / euphoria / excitement / scepticism / reluctance某人最初的反应／印象／本能／震惊／惊诧／热情／兴奋／激动／怀疑／不情愿; about a stage in a process 还可形容过程中的一个阶段◆the initial stage / phase / step / planning / preparation初始阶段／时期；第一步；最初的计划／准备; or about paying or spending money. 亦可描述付款或花费◆the initial investment / payment / outlay首期投资／付款；初期项目经费 OPP final ⇨ last 1 ▸ initially

adverb

◆My contract is initially for three years.我的合同最初订了三年。◆Initially, the system worked well.开始时系统运转良好。■ original [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity, especially before being changed into sth else 原来的，起初的，原本的（尤指后来发生了变化）◆The room still has many of its original features.房间还保留着当初的许多特点。◆I think you should go back to your original plan.我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。▸ originally

adverb

◆The school was originally very small.这所学校一开始很小。◆He comes originally from Peru.他原本来自秘鲁。■ preliminary prɪˈlɪmɪnəri; NAmE prɪˈlɪmɪnerihappening before a more important action or event, especially by introducing or preparing for it 预备性的；初步的；前期的◆After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners.说了几句开场白后，他即宣布优胜者名单。◆This is just a pilot study preliminary to a full-scale study.这只是进行全面研究之前的试验性研究。■ opening [only before noun](especially of sth that sb says or writes, or a piece of music, etc.) happening at the beginning （尤指讲话或文字作品、乐曲等）开始的，开篇的◆She was humming the opening bars of a song she had heard on the radio.她正哼着在收音机里听过的一首歌的开头几句。◆United scored in the opening minutes of the game.比赛一开场没几分钟联队就得分了。OPP closing ⇨ last 1   see also opening ⇨ start noun , open ⇨ begin verb ■ earliest the nearest to the beginning of an event or period of time 最早的◆The earliest description of this species dates from 1816.对这一物种最早的描述可以追溯到1816年。◆The earliest possible date I can make is the third.我能定下来的最早的日期是3号。■ primary ˈpraɪməri; NAmE ˈpraɪmeri [usually before noun] (formal or technical 术语) developing or happening first; earliest 最初的；最早的◆The disease is still in its primary stage.这病尚处于初始阶段。◆It is not self-evident what the primary causes of this phenomenon are.这种现象最初的原因是什么，并非显而易见。  see also primary ⇨ main ■ introductory ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri written or said at the beginning of sth as an introduction to what follows; intended as an introduction to a subject or activity for people who have never done it before 引导的；介绍的；入门的◆The booklist at the end of the chapter contains some introductory reading on the subject.章节末尾的书单列出了一些有关该主题的导读材料。◆I took an introductory class in psychology during my first year at college.我大学一年级时修了一门心理学基础课程。   see also introduction ⇨ basics , introduction ⇨ introduction 2 ■ preparatory prɪˈpærətri; NAmE prɪˈpærətɔːri [only before noun] (especially BrE, formal) done in order to prepare for sth 预备的；作准备的◆After a few preparatory drawings, she completed the portrait in one session.试画了几幅之后，她一气呵成地完成了这幅肖像。◆Security checks had been carried out preparatory to (= to prepare for) the President's visit.为迎接总统来访，已预先进行了安全检查。   see also preparation ⇨ planning , prepare ⇨ prepare 1 , prepare ⇨ prepare 2
BNC: 79 COCA: 86
first
Before a time or event: before, first, early...
Inventors, innovators and creators: creative commons, engineer, the first...
Surprises and shocking events: surprise, shock, blow...
From or at the beginning: original, initial, early...
Words used for saying that something is important: essentially, importantly, basically...
Best: best, ideal, first class...
Degrees and other academic qualifications: 2.1, 2.2, A.A....
Relating to cars and other road vehicles: the AA, auto, automobile...

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