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TOEFL BNC: 6995 COCA: 8207

harden

verb
/ˈhɑːdn/
/ˈhɑːrdn/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they harden
/ˈhɑːdn/
/ˈhɑːrdn/
he / she / it hardens
/ˈhɑːdnz/
/ˈhɑːrdnz/
past simple hardened
/ˈhɑːdnd/
/ˈhɑːrdnd/
past participle hardened
/ˈhɑːdnd/
/ˈhɑːrdnd/
-ing form hardening
/ˈhɑːdnɪŋ/
/ˈhɑːrdnɪŋ/
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  1. [intransitive, transitive] to become or make something become solid or stiff(使)变硬,硬化
    • The varnish takes a few hours to harden.清漆需要几个小时才能干透。
    • harden something a method for hardening and preserving wood硬化和保存木料的方法
    Extra Examples
    • Leave the icing to harden in the fridge.让糖衣在冰箱里变硬。
    • When the paint has hardened thoroughly, you can apply the next coat.当油漆完全硬化后,你可以涂下一层。
  2. [intransitive, transitive] if your voice, face, etc. hardens, or you harden it, it becomes more serious or severe(使声音、面孔等)更严肃,更严厉
    • Her face hardened into an expression of hatred.她的脸沉下来,面带恨意。
    • harden something He hardened his voice when he saw she wasn't listening.看到她没在听他讲话,他声音严厉起来。
    • His expression suddenly hardened into one of strong dislike.他的表情突然变得非常不喜欢。
  3. [intransitive, transitive] if somebody’s feelings or attitudes harden or somebody/something hardens them, they become more fixed and determined(使)更坚定,更强硬
    • Public attitudes to the strike have hardened.公众对这次罢工所持的态度已强硬起来。
    • Their suspicions hardened into certainty.他们由怀疑变成肯定。
    • Opinion seems to be hardening against the invasion.反对入侵的意见似乎越来越强硬。
    • harden something The incident hardened her resolve to leave the company.这件事使她更加坚定了离开公司的决心。
  4. [transitive] harden somebody/something/yourself to make somebody less kind or less affected by extreme situations使变得无情;使不被打动
    • Joe sounded different, hardened by the war.乔让人觉得变了,因战争变得冷酷无情了。
    • They were hardened criminals (= they showed no regret for their crimes).他们都是死不悔改的罪犯。
    • In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering.做这项工作面对伤痛和折磨时你得保持沉着冷静。
    • Life has hardened me.生活让我变得坚强。
    • I need to harden myself against disappointment.我需要让自己坚强起来,以对抗失望。

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