- [countable, usually singular, uncountable]
a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat 撤退；退却 Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow 拿破仑从莫斯科的撤退 The army was in full retreat (= retreating very quickly). 部队全线撤退。 to sound the retreat (= to give a loud signal for an army to move away) 发出撤退信号
Collocations War and peaceWar and peace 战争与和平 Starting a war 开战 - declare/make/wage war (on somebody/something)
（向…）宣战／挑起战争／发动战争 - go to war (against/with somebody)
（向…）开战 - cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest
引起／平息骚乱 - incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion
煽动／领导／镇压起义／叛乱 - launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack
发起／实施突然／恐怖袭击 - prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict
防止／阻止／表明冲突升级 - be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war
被内战搞得四分五裂；濒于内战 - enter/invade/occupy somebody’s territory
进入／侵略／占领某人的领土 - lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion
领导／发起／抵制／击退武装入侵
Military operations 军事行动 - adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy
采用／发展／实施／执行军事战略 - carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres
- send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops
派遣／部署／派驻／撤回部队 - go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission
进行／驾机执行／执行侦察／营救任务 - train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units
训练／装备／部署陆军／军事／作战分队 - lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on somebody)
领导／发起／实施（对某人的）突然袭击／（空中／空投部队／登陆）攻击 - employ/use guerrilla tactics
采用游击战术 - conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare
进行／发动生物战／游击战 - fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency
设法战胜／镇压／挫败叛乱者／叛乱 - suffer/inflict a crushing defeat
遭受惨败；大获全胜 - achieve/win a decisive victory
赢得决定性的胜利 - halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance
阻止英国／德国／俄罗斯的前进 - order/force a retreat
命令／强迫撤退
Fighting 作战 - join/serve in the army/navy/air force
加入陆军／海军／空军；在陆军／海军／空军部队服役 - be/go/remain/serve on active duty
在服现役 - serve/complete/return from a tour of duty
在服役；服役完毕；服役归来 - be sent to the front (line)
被派往前线 - attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy
袭击／攻击敌人；与敌人交战；击败／杀死／消灭敌人 - see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting
目睹／报道／参与激战 - call for/be met with armed resistance
要求／遭遇武装抵抗 - come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire
冒着激烈的／机关枪的／迫击炮的射击 - fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at somebody/something)
（对…）发射机关枪／迫击炮弹／火箭弹 - shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles
步枪／手枪射击；发射子弹／导弹 - launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile
发射巡航／弹道／反坦克导弹 - use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons
使用生物／化学／核武器 - inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties
遭受惨重损失／伤亡 - be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire
被敌军／友军／炮火击中／射死 - become/be held as a prisoner of war
成为战俘；作为战俘被监禁
Civilians in war 战争中的平民 - harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians
伤害／杀死／瞄准／保护无辜的／手无寸铁的平民 - cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage
导致／避免／限制／最大限度减少平民伤亡／附带性破坏 - impose/enforce/lift a curfew
强制实行／解除宵禁 - engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing
参与种族清洗；成为种族清洗的受害者 - be sent to an internment/a concentration camp
被送到俘虏拘留营／集中营 - accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war
接受／收容／安置战争难民 - fear/threaten military/violent reprisals
害怕／扬言要军事／暴力报复 - commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide
犯／被指控犯战争罪／反人类罪／种族灭绝罪
Making peace 和解 - make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace
促使／带来／赢得／实现／保持／促进和平 - call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce
要求／商谈／协商／宣布停战／暂时休战 - sign a ceasefire agreement
签署停战协议 - call for/bring/put an end to hostilities
要求发动／引发／结束战争 - demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of somebody/something
强烈要求／商讨／接受…投降 - establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force
建立／派遣维和部队 - negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty
商讨／达成／正式批准／签署／接受／拒绝／破坏／违反和平协定
Extra ExamplesTopics War and conflictc1Eventually the police forced the crowd into retreat. 最后警察迫使人群向后撤退。 He took part in the retreat from Paris. 他参加了逃离巴黎的活动。 I made a tactful retreat before they started arguing. 在他们开始争论前我巧妙地找机会离开了。 The enemy was now in retreat. 敌人正在撤退。 We covered his retreat with bursts of gunfire. 我们集中火力掩护他撤退。 We succeeded in cutting off the enemy's line of retreat. 我们成功地截断了敌人的撤退路线。 an ignominious retreat to the River Vistula 至维斯瓦河的不光彩撤退 fresh evidence that trade unionism is on the retreat 工会制正在逐渐消失的最新迹象 Hitler's retreat from Russia 希特勒从俄罗斯的撤退
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- hasty
- headlong
- quick
- …
- beat
- make
- lead
- …
- in retreat
- on the retreat
- retreat from
- …
- be in full retreat
- a line of retreat
- [countable, usually singular, uncountable] retreat (from/into something)
an act of trying to escape from a particular situation to one that you think is safer or more pleasant 逃避；退避；躲避 Is watching television a retreat from reality? 看电视是对现实的一种逃避吗？ her retreat into a fantasy world of her own 她躲进了自己的虚幻世界
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- hasty
- headlong
- quick
- …
- beat
- make
- lead
- …
- in retreat
- on the retreat
- retreat from
- …
- be in full retreat
- a line of retreat
- [countable, usually singular]
an act of changing a decision because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult （由于批评或环境过于恶劣）改变决定，退缩 Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- hasty
- headlong
- quick
- …
- beat
- make
- lead
- …
- in retreat
- on the retreat
- retreat from
- …
- be in full retreat
- a line of retreat
- [countable]
a quiet, private place that you go to in order to get away from your usual life 僻静处；隐居处 a country retreat 乡间隐居处
Extra ExamplesCamp David, the presidential retreat in Maryland 总统在马里兰州的度假地戴维营 She plans to use it as a winter retreat. 她打算把它当成冬季静养处。 They are staying here at their secret retreat from life in the city. 他们远离城市生活，一直住在隐蔽的静养处。 a summer retreat for the rich 富人的避暑胜地 designed as a gentleman's country retreat 设计成绅士的乡下静居处 the perfect retreat for a romantic honeymoon 浪漫蜜月的完美胜地 She bought the cottage as a weekend retreat. 她买了那处村舍作为周末幽居之所。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- favourite/favorite
- idyllic
- perfect
- …
- turn something into
- use something as
- retreat for
- retreat from
- [uncountable, countable]
a period of time when somebody stops their usual activities and goes to a quiet place for prayer and thought; an organized event when people can do this 静修期间（或活动） He went into retreat and tried to resolve the conflicts within himself. 他去静修并试图调节自己内心的矛盾冲突。 He went on a Buddhist retreat. 他去参加佛教的静修了。
Extra ExamplesHe went into retreat at his country home to escape the attention of the media. 他回到乡下的家中躲清静，想避开媒体的关注。 I went off on one of my annual retreats. 我外出去做一次年度静修。 I went on a ten-day silent retreat. 我去参加了为期 10 天的静修。 She goes on a spiritual retreat for two weeks every summer. 她每年夏天都去心灵静修两个星期。 The family held its first retreat last October. 这个家庭去年 10 月份第一次举行静修会。 Zen Mountain offers numerous wilderness retreats. 禅山有许多人迹罕至的静修之处。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- Buddhist
- meditation
- religious
- …
- attend
- do
- go on
- …
from danger/defeat遇险；失败
escape逃跑
change of decision改变决定
quiet place安静的地方
Idioms
beat a (hasty) retreat
to go away or back quickly, especially to avoid something unpleasant （仓促）逃走；（慌忙）撤退 I decided to beat a hasty retreat. 我决定赶紧离开。