- [countable, uncountable]
something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility 责任；义务；本分 - duty to do something
It is my duty to report it to the police. 把这事报告给警方是我的责任。 Local councillors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。 - under a duty to do something
You are under a legal duty to keep accurate records. 你有法律义务保存准确的记录。 to do your duty for your country 为祖国尽己任 - duty to somebody/something
He has failed in his duty to his client. 他没有尽到对客户的责任。 - duty as somebody
your duties as a parent 你作为父母的责任 - duty of something
The company owes a duty of care to its employees. 公司对其员工负有照顾的义务。 - duty of doing something
Local councils were charged with the duty of allocating land for building. 地方议会被赋予分配土地用于建设的职责。 a statutory/fiduciary duty 法定/信托责任 a civic/patriotic/moral duty 公民/爱国/道德义务 I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty. 我希望你不止是出于责任感才来看我。 I’ll have to go, I’m afraid—duty calls (= there is a duty I need to go and do). 我想我得走了－公务在身。 a breach/dereliction of duty 失职
Extra ExamplesTopics Personal qualitiesb1I'd be shirking my duty if I didn't warn him. 如果我没有对他提出警告，那就是逃避责任。 It's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team. 我们当中的每个人都有义务为团队尽最大努力。 It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided. 裁决认为伤者未佩戴提供的安全装备是没有尽到义务。 I feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her. 我觉得尽力帮助她是我义不容辞的责任。 It was a duty imposed by her father. 那是她父亲给她的责任。 It was a clear breach of professional duty. 那是明显的失职行为。 The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty. 他花时间帮助新入职员工已经超越了职责的要求。 I feel it is my civic duty to vote. 我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。 She felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son. 她认为给他生了个儿子就已经尽了责任。 She had violated her legal duty of confidentiality. 她违反了保密的法律义务。 He had failed in his duty to his daughter. 他对女儿未尽到责任。 He took on the duty of maintaining the family home. 他承担了养家的责任。 They have a duty to their parents to work hard. 他们有为了父母而努力工作的责任。 She put down the phone and went out, her duty done. 她放下电话走了出去，已经尽到了责任。 He felt it was his moral duty to help his neighbour. 他觉得帮助邻居是他的道德责任。 You feel that you have to do your duty by your children. 你感到必须对你的孩子尽责任。 the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任 the general duty of the police to preserve the peace 警察维持治安的基本职责
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- contractual
- legal
- statutory
- …
- have
- owe
- carry out
- …
- call
- under a/the duty
- duty of
- duty to
- …
- a breach of duty
- do your duty by somebody
- be duty bound to do something
- …
- duty to do something
- [uncountable]
the work that is your job 上班；值班 Extra ExamplesTopics Jobsb2Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty. 他没有报到上班，同事们产生了怀疑。 He was was on kitchen duty. 他在厨房值班。 Police usually do beat duty in pairs. 警察通常是两人一组进行辖区巡逻。 He's been suspended from active duty. 他被暂停服役。 Sergeant Wilson had pulled parking-lot duty. 威尔逊警官曾在停车场值勤。 The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty. 你在执行任务过程中受伤，公司须负责任。 The regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer. 这位新闻节目主持人还同时兼做撰稿人。 The soldier was sent to his new duty station. 该士兵被派往他的新勤务地。 He has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities. 他志愿临时执行反恐活动的任务。 Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital. 她儿子获准放下在部队的工作到医院来看望她。 the supermarket's senior duty manager 超市的高级值班经理 veterans who saw combat duty in Vietnam 经历过越战的老兵
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- light
- onerous
- day
- …
- have
- pull
- see
- …
- fall to somebody
- manager
- officer
- doctor
- …
- off duty
- on duty
- the execution of your duties
- the performance of your duties
- duties[plural]
tasks that are part of your job 职责；任务 I spend a lot of time on administrative duties. 我花很多时间在行政工作上。 The princess has taken on her mother's official duties. 公主承担了她母亲的公务。 to perform/fulfil/discharge your duties 履行/履行/履行你的职责 Your duties will include greeting visitors and answering the phone. 你的职责包括问候来访者和接电话。
Extra ExamplesTopics Jobsb2He leaves hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month. 他明天出院，预期下个月初重新开始工作。 He will be allowed to return to his duties after the enquiry. 调查结束后，他将被允许返回工作岗位。 The cleaning duties now fell to Rachel. 清扫工作现在归蕾切尔负责。 He was accused of neglecting his professional duties. 他被控玩忽职守。 My household duties were not particularly onerous. 我的家务活儿并不很繁重。 I share the cooking duties with Bell. 我和贝尔分担做饭的任务。 He was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health. 因为健康不佳，他无法完成指派的任务。 The troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties. 军队在这里执行维和任务。 When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties. 我病愈重新工作，给安排了较轻松的工作。 The company prefers to handle translation duties in-house. 这家公司更愿意在公司内部处理翻译任务。 The members of staff each have their own duties. 每个职员都有各自的任务。 When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain. 他没有参加训练，被免除了队长职务。 Mr Davies had been relieved of his duties. 戴维斯先生被解除了职务。 The suspect was charged with obstructing an officer in the course of his duties. 嫌疑犯被控防碍执行公务罪。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- light
- onerous
- day
- …
- have
- pull
- see
- …
- fall to somebody
- manager
- officer
- doctor
- …
- off duty
- on duty
- the execution of your duties
- the performance of your duties
- [countable, uncountable]
a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country 税；（尤指进口货品）关税 customs/excise/import duties 关税；消费税；进口税 - duty on something
duty on wine and beer 葡萄酒和啤酒税 The US imposed a duty on imports from China. 美国对从中国进口的商品征收关税。
Extra ExamplesTopics Moneyc1They are going to put duty on foreign cars. 他们将对外国轿车征税。 Beer for personal use is exempt from duty. 供个人饮用的啤酒免税。 By changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty. 更换供货商后，这个公司省下了数千英镑的进口税。 Cider carries duty at the lower rate. 苹果酒税率较低。 There will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate. 还将会有用适用税率计算的应缴印花税。 They claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty. 他们声称这酒是供个人饮用的，以此来逃税。 Tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government. 烟草税是政府收入的一个重要来源。 We tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay. 我们估计了一下我们应缴纳的税额。 You have to pay duty on all electrical goods. 所有的电气产品都要纳税。 excise duty on spirits 对烈酒征收的消费税 the heavy duty on cigarettes 对香烟征收的重税 The company has to pay customs duties on all imports. 该公司须为所有进口货物缴纳关税。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- heavy
- high
- low
- …
- amount
- impose
- slap on somebody/something
- increase
- …
- be payable
- in duty
- duty on
see also death duty, stamp duty
Word Originlate Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French duete, from Old French deu ‘owed’, based on Latin debitus ‘owed’, from debere ‘owe’ .
Idioms
(above and) beyond the call of duty
to a higher standard or level than is required for a job or task 职责： 达到高于工作或任务要求的标准或水平She went above and beyond the call of duty in her efforts to save his life. 她竭尽全力去救他的命。
Synonyms taxtax
- duty
- customs
- tariff
- rates
- tax money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services:
income tax 所得税 tax cuts 减税
- duty a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country:
The company has to pay customs duties on all imports. 该公司须为所有进口货物缴纳关税。
- customs
tax that is paid when goods are brought in from other countries 指关税、进口税 - tariff a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country, often in order to protect industry from cheap imports:
A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports. 国外进口货物当时按普通税率征税。
- rates (in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use, and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house:
Business rates are very high in the city centre. 市中心的商业房产税非常高。
- (a) tax/duty/tariff/rates on something
- to pay an amount of money in tax/duty/customs/rates
- to pay (a) tax/duty/customs/tariff/rates
- to collect taxes/duties/rates
- to increase/raise/reduce taxes/duty/tariffs/rates
- to cut taxes/duties/rates
- to impose a tax/duty/tariff
- to put a tax/duty on something
a/your bounden duty
- (old-fashioned, formal)
something that you feel you must do; a responsibility which cannot be ignored 应尽的义务；不可推卸的责任 He felt it was his bounden duty to tell the police what he knew. 他觉得把他所知道的告诉警察是他义不容辞的责任。 We have a bounden duty to respond to this call for help. 我们有责任响应这一求助。
do/pull/serve double duty (as something)
to perform two roles or functions at the same time 值（或下）班；值（或不值）勤 This device can pull double duty as a decent laptop and an adequate tablet. 这款设备可以作为一台像样的笔记本电脑和一台合适的平板电脑发挥双重作用。 She deserves credit for serving double duty as a host and performer. 她作为主持人和表演者的双重职责值得称赞。
in the line of duty
on/off duty
(of nurses, police officers, etc. 护士、警察等 working/not working at a particular time 值（或下）班；值（或不值）勤 Who's on duty today? 今天谁值班？ What time do you go off duty? 你什么时候下班？ You're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty. 值班时不准喝酒。