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IELTS BNC: 5079 COCA: 2528

jail

noun
 
/dʒeɪl/
/dʒeɪl/
(also British English, old-fashioned gaol)
[uncountable, countable]
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  1. a prison监狱
    • She spent a year in jail.她坐了一年牢。
    • He has been released from jail.他已从监狱里放出来了。
    • a ten-year jail sentence十年监禁的判刑
    • Britain’s overcrowded jails英国过度拥挤的监狱
    Collocations Criminal justiceCriminal justice刑事审判Breaking the law犯法
    • break/​violate/​obey/​uphold the law违反／违背／遵守／维护法律
    • be investigated/​arrested/​tried for a crime/​a robbery/​fraud因犯罪／抢劫／诈骗而被调查／逮捕／审判
    • be arrested/ (especially North American English) indicted/​convicted on charges of rape/​fraud/(especially US English) felony charges因被控犯强奸罪／诈骗罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起诉／定罪
    • be arrested on suspicion of arson/​robbery/​shoplifting因涉嫌纵火／抢劫／在商店行窃而被逮捕
    • be accused of/​be charged with murder/(especially North American English) homicide/​four counts of fraud被指控犯有谋杀罪／杀人罪／四项诈骗罪
    • face two charges of indecent assault面临两项猥亵罪的指控
    • admit your guilt/​liability/​responsibility (for something)承认（对某事的）罪责／责任
    • deny the allegations/​claims/​charges否认指控
    • confess to a crime坦白罪行
    • grant/​be refused/​be released on/​skip/​jump bail准许／不准保释；交保释金获释；弃保潜逃
    The legal process法律程序
    • stand/​await/​bring somebody to/​come to/​be on trial受审；候审；把某人送交法院审判；开庭审理；受到审判
    • take somebody to/​come to/​settle something out of court把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事
    • face/​avoid/​escape prosecution面临／免于／逃脱起诉
    • seek/​retain/​have the right to/​be denied access to legal counsel寻求／聘请／有权聘用／无权聘用律师
    • hold/​conduct/​attend/​adjourn a hearing/​trial开庭；出庭；休庭
    • sit on/​influence/​persuade/​convince the jury担任／影响／说服陪审团
    • sit/​stand/​appear/​be put/​place somebody in the dock坐在／站在／出现在／被送上／将某人送上被告席
    • plead guilty/​not guilty to a crime认罪；不认罪
    • be called to/​enter (British English) the witness box被召唤进入／进入证人席
    • take/​put somebody on the stand/(North American English) the witness stand出庭作证；让某人出庭作证
    • call/​subpoena/​question/​cross-examine a witness传唤／以传票传唤／讯问／盘问证人
    • give/​hear the evidence against/​on behalf of somebody提供／听取对某人不利／有利的证据
    • raise/​withdraw/​overrule an objection提出／撤销／否决异议
    • reach a unanimous/​majority verdict作出一致的／多数人赞同的裁决
    • return/​deliver/​record a verdict of not guilty/​unlawful killing/​accidental death作出／宣布无罪／非法杀人／意外死亡的裁决
    • convict/​acquit the defendant of the crime宣判被告有罪／无罪
    • secure a conviction/​your acquittal获得有罪／无罪判决
    • lodge/​file an appeal提出上诉
    • appeal (against)/challenge/​uphold/​overturn a conviction/​verdict对判决／裁决提出上诉／质疑；维持／撤销判决／裁决
    Sentencing and punishment判刑与惩罚
    • pass sentence on somebody宣布对某人的判决
    • carry/​face/​serve a seven-year/​life sentence会被判处／面临／服七年徒刑／无期徒刑
    • receive/​be given the death penalty被判死刑
    • be sentenced to ten years (in prison/​jail)被判十年（监禁）
    • carry/​impose/​pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)会被判处／处以／缴纳（3 000 美元的）罚金／（14 年的）监禁
    • be imprisoned/​jailed for drug possession/​fraud/​murder因持有毒品罪／诈骗罪／谋杀罪被监禁
    • do/​serve time/​ten years服刑；服十年徒刑
    • be sent to/​put somebody in/​be released from jail/​prison被送进监狱；把某人送进监狱；被释放出狱
    • be/​put somebody/​spend X years on death row在／把某人关在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度过…年
    • be granted/​be denied/​break (your) parole获准假释；假释遭拒；违反假释规定
    Grammar Point schoolschool学校
    • When a school is being referred to as an institution, you do not need to use the:school 指机构时，不需用定冠词 the：
      • When do the children finish school?孩子们什么时候毕业？
      When you are talking about a particular building, the is used:指校舍时要用定冠词 the：
      • I’ll meet you outside the school.我在学校外面等你。
      Prison, jail, court, and church work in the same way:prison、jail、court 和 church 的用法相同：
      • Her husband spent three years in prison.她丈夫坐了三年牢。
    Culture prisonsprisonsBritain's system of justice relies heavily on imprisonment as a form of punishment. Until the late 18th century conditions in prisons such as Newgate were dirty and violent. In the 19th century conditions improved, thanks to the work of reformers like Elizabeth Fry. New prisons were built, in which most prisoners had their own cell (= small room) facing into a large central area. Many of these prisons, such as Pentonville and Strangeways (HM Prison Manchester), still exist today, although Strangeways had to be rebuilt after most of the building was destroyed in riots (= violent protests) in the 1990s.The type of prison in which criminals serve their sentence depends on their category. Category A prisoners are considered dangerous and are held in maximum security closed prisons. Prisoners may be kept in solitary confinement (= alone and without contact with other prisoners) if they are likely to harm others or to be harmed by them. Category B and C prisoners are also held in closed prisons. Category D prisoners are trusted not to escape and are sent to low-security open prisons. Prisoners on remand (= waiting for their trial) should be held in remand centres, but because there is not enough space, many of them are kept in prisons. Young people aged 15–20 are normally sent to young offender institutions, sometimes called youth detention centres or youth custody centres. However, if space is not available young people are sometimes sent to adult prisons. A prison is run by a governor who is responsible to the Ministry of Justice, and the prisoners are guarded by warders. There are also some private prisons in Britain that are managed by private companies. They must follow rules that are set by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.There is not enough space available in prisons for the number of people being given custodial sentences (= being sent to prison). In the 1990s there were riots at several prisons because of poor conditions. Cells intended for one person often contain two or three.In the US the federal (= national) and state governments have prisons, sometimes called penitentiaries or correctional facilities. Counties and cities have jails. Federal prisons are minimum, low, medium or high security. All inmates (= prisoners) who can work must do so. People are sent to a prison if their sentence is for several years. If the sentence is a year or less they are sent to jail. Some prisoners on work release are allowed to leave jail during the day to go to a job. Prisoners often spend the last few months of their sentence in a halfway house where they are helped to prepare for life outside prison.In the US people who are waiting for their trial often do not go to prison but instead make bail (= pay money to the court) as a guarantee that they will return for the trial. People sent to prison as punishment rarely serve their full sentence but after some time are released on parole, which means they must report regularly to a government official. It is possible that two people who have committed the same crime may receive different punishments. To stop this happening some states have introduced mandatory sentencing, which means that the punishment for a crime is fixed by law, not decided by a judge.
    Extra Examples
    • He's gone to jail for fraud.他已因诈骗罪入狱。
    • His lawyer worked hard to keep him out of jail.为了帮他免除牢狱之灾，他的律师付出了很大努力。
    • How long has she been in jail?她坐牢多久了？
    • She avoided jail by pleading insanity.她以有精神病为由而免于入狱。
    • She could be out of jail in two years.她可能在两年后出狱。
    • He was held overnight at the county jail.他被羁押在县看守所过夜。
    Topics Crime and punishmentb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • city
    • county
    • local
    • …
    verb + jail
    • go to
    • put somebody in
    • send somebody to
    • …
    jail + noun
    • sentence
    • term
    • time
    • …
    preposition
    • at a/​the jail
    • in (a/​the) jail
    See full entry
    Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.

jail

verb
 
/dʒeɪl/
/dʒeɪl/
(also British English, old-fashioned gaol)
[usually passive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they jail
/dʒeɪl/
/dʒeɪl/
he / she / it jails
/dʒeɪlz/
/dʒeɪlz/
past simple jailed
/dʒeɪld/
/dʒeɪld/
past participle jailed
/dʒeɪld/
/dʒeɪld/
-ing form jailing
/ˈdʒeɪlɪŋ/
/ˈdʒeɪlɪŋ/
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  1. to put somebody in prison监禁 synonym imprison
    • be jailed (for something) He was jailed for life for murder.他因谋杀罪被终身监禁。
    Extra Examples
    • She was jailed for ten years.她坐了十年牢。
    • One man was arrested and jailed for biting a police officer.一名男子因咬一名警察而被捕入狱。
    Topics Crime and punishmentb2
    Oxford Collocations DictionaryJail is used with these nouns as the object:
    • dissident
    See full entry
    Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.
IELTS BNC: 5079 COCA: 2528
jail

noun

 (BrE also gaol) ADJECTIVE | VERB + JAIL | JAIL + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤city, county, local市監獄；縣監獄；地方監獄▸➤➤high-security, maximum-security, top-security (all especially BrE) 戒備森嚴的監獄；實行最高級別警戒措施的監獄▸➤private私設的監獄▸➤overcrowded過度擁擠的監獄VERB + JAIL➤go to入獄◇He's gone to jail for fraud.他已因詐騙罪入獄。➤put sb in, send sb to, throw sb into把某人關進／把某人送進／把某人投入監獄▸➤keep sb in把某人關在獄中➤keep sb out of避免讓某人入獄◇His lawyer worked hard to keep him out of jail.為了幫他免除牢獄之災，他的律師付出了很大努力。➤be freed from, be out of, be released from, get out of獲釋出獄；出獄◇She could be out of jail in two years.她可能在兩年後出獄。➤escape from越獄▸➤threaten sb with使某人面臨入獄的危險◇He was threatened with jail if evidence of a hoax was discovered.如果發現他欺詐的證據，他就會有入獄的危險。➤face面臨入獄▸➤avoid, escape避免入獄；逃脫牢獄之災◇She avoided jail by pleading insanity.她以有精神病為由而免於入獄。JAIL + NOUN➤sentence, term, time監禁判決；刑期➤cell牢房PREPOSITION➤at a/the jail在監獄◇riots at Strangeways jail發生在斯特蘭奇韋斯監獄的暴亂➤in (a/the) jail坐牢◇How long has she been in jail?她坐牢多久了？◇There was a fire in the jail last night.昨夜監獄裏發生了火災。
IELTS BNC: 5079 COCA: 2528
jail noun
⇨ prison jail

verb

jail ♦︎ detain ♦︎ hold ♦︎ imprison ♦︎ lock sb up/away ♦︎ intern ♦︎ send sb to prison ♦︎ incarcerateThese words all mean to keep sb in a place and prevent them from leaving. 这些词均表示囚禁、关押。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to jail sb / detain sb / hold sb / imprison sb / lock sb up / intern sb / send sb to prison for sth◆to detain / hold / imprison / lock sb up / incarcerate sb in sth◆to jail / detain / hold / imprison sb without trial / charge■ jail [transitive, usually passive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to put sb in a prison for committing a crime 监禁（犯人）◆He was jailed for life for murder.他因犯谋杀罪被终身监禁。  see also jail ⇨ prison ■ detain dɪˈteɪn [transitive] (rather formal) to keep sb in an official place, such as a police station, prison or hospital, and prevent them from leaving 拘留；扣押；监禁◆One man has been detained for questioning.一名男子被拘留审问。▸ detention

noun

 [uncountable] ◆police powers of arrest and detention警方的逮捕权和拘留权■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to keep sb and not allow them to leave 拘禁；拘留◆Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday's bank raid.警方拘留了两名与上周四银行抢劫案有关的男子。◆He was held prisoner for two years.他被囚禁了两年。■ imprison ɪmˈprɪzn [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to put sb in a prison for committing a crime; to keep sb in a place from which they cannot escape 监禁（犯人）；关押；扣留◆They were imprisoned for possession of drugs.他们因藏有毒品而被监禁。◆ (figurative) Some young mothers feel imprisoned in their own homes.有些年轻的母亲觉得待在家里如同坐牢。  see also prison ⇨ prison ▸ imprisonment

noun

 [uncountable] ◆He was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder.他因犯谋杀罪被判终身监禁。■ ˌlock sb ˈup■ ˌlock sb aˈway

phrasal verb

 (informal) to put sb in prison or a mental hospital, often because they are dangerous 将（具有危险性的人）关进监狱（或精神病医院）◆You ought to be locked up!你应该被关起来！◆After what he did, they should lock him up and throw away the key.鉴于他的所作所为，他们就该把他关起来，然后把钥匙扔掉。■ intern ɪnˈtɜːn; NAmE ɪnˈtɜːrn [transitive, often passive] to put sb in prison during a war or for political reasons, although they have not been charged with a crime （战争期间或由于政治原因未经审讯）拘留，禁闭，关押◆They were interned by the government for the duration of the war.战争期间他们被政府关押了起来。▸ internment

noun

 [uncountable] ◆the internment of suspected terrorists对可疑恐怖分子的拘留◆an internment camp拘留营■ ˌsend sb to ˈprison

phrasal verb

(sent, sent)to cause sb to be put in prison for committing a crime, especially when this is done by a court （尤指法院）判某人入狱◆The judge sent her to prison for seven years.法官判她七年监禁。   see also prison ⇨ prison ■ incarcerate ɪnˈkɑːsəreɪt; NAmE ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to imprison sb, especially when this is felt to be wrong in some way, because it is unfair or because conditions are too harsh 监禁，关押，禁闭（尤指做法有失公正或条件过于恶劣）◆Thousands were incarcerated in labour camps.成千上万的人被关进了劳改营。
IELTS BNC: 5079 COCA: 2528

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