a prison 监狱 She spent a year in jail. 她坐了一年牢。 He has been released from jail. 他已从监狱里放出来了。 a ten-year jail sentence 十年监禁的判刑 Britain’s overcrowded jails 英国过度拥挤的监狱
Collocations Criminal justiceCriminal justice 刑事审判 Breaking the law 犯法 - break/violate/obey/uphold the law
违反／违背／遵守／维护法律 - be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud
因犯罪／抢劫／诈骗而被调查／逮捕／审判 - be arrested/ (especially North American English) indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/(especially US English) felony charges
因被控犯强奸罪／诈骗罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起诉／定罪 - be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting
因涉嫌纵火／抢劫／在商店行窃而被逮捕 - be accused of/be charged with murder/(especially North American English) homicide/four counts of fraud
被指控犯有谋杀罪／杀人罪／四项诈骗罪 - face two charges of indecent assault
面临两项猥亵罪的指控 - admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for something)
承认（对某事的）罪责／责任 - deny the allegations/claims/charges
否认指控 - confess to a crime
坦白罪行 - grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail
准许／不准保释；交保释金获释；弃保潜逃
The legal process 法律程序 - stand/await/bring somebody to/come to/be on trial
受审；候审；把某人送交法院审判；开庭审理；受到审判 - take somebody to/come to/settle something out of court
把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事 - face/avoid/escape prosecution
面临／免于／逃脱起诉 - seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel
寻求／聘请／有权聘用／无权聘用律师 - hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial
开庭；出庭；休庭 - sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury
担任／影响／说服陪审团 - sit/stand/appear/be put/place somebody in the dock
坐在／站在／出现在／被送上／将某人送上被告席 - plead guilty/not guilty to a crime
认罪；不认罪 - be called to/enter (British English) the witness box
被召唤进入／进入证人席 - take/put somebody on the stand/(North American English) the witness stand
出庭作证；让某人出庭作证 - call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness
传唤／以传票传唤／讯问／盘问证人 - give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of somebody
提供／听取对某人不利／有利的证据 - raise/withdraw/overrule an objection
提出／撤销／否决异议 - reach a unanimous/majority verdict
作出一致的／多数人赞同的裁决 - return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death
作出／宣布无罪／非法杀人／意外死亡的裁决 - convict/acquit the defendant of the crime
宣判被告有罪／无罪 - secure a conviction/your acquittal
获得有罪／无罪判决 - lodge/file an appeal
提出上诉 - appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict
对判决／裁决提出上诉／质疑；维持／撤销判决／裁决
Sentencing and punishment 判刑与惩罚 - pass sentence on somebody
宣布对某人的判决 - carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence
会被判处／面临／服七年徒刑／无期徒刑 - receive/be given the death penalty
被判死刑 - be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)
被判十年（监禁） - carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)
会被判处／处以／缴纳（3 000 美元的）罚金／（14 年的）监禁 - be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder
因持有毒品罪／诈骗罪／谋杀罪被监禁 - do/serve time/ten years
服刑；服十年徒刑 - be sent to/put somebody in/be released from jail/prison
被送进监狱；把某人送进监狱；被释放出狱 - be/put somebody/spend X years on death row
在／把某人关在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度过…年 - be granted/be denied/break (your) parole
获准假释；假释遭拒；违反假释规定
Grammar Point schoolschool 学校 - When a school is being referred to as an institution, you do not need to use the:
school 指机构时，不需用定冠词 the： When do the children finish school? 孩子们什么时候毕业？
指校舍时要用定冠词 the： I’ll meet you outside the school. 我在学校外面等你。
prison、jail、court 和 church 的用法相同： Her husband spent three years in prison. 她丈夫坐了三年牢。
Culture prisonsprisonsBritain's system of justice relies heavily on imprisonment as a form of punishment. Until the late 18th century conditions in prisons such as Newgate were dirty and violent. In the 19th century conditions improved, thanks to the work of reformers like Elizabeth Fry. New prisons were built, in which most prisoners had their own cell (= small room) facing into a large central area. Many of these prisons, such as Pentonville and Strangeways (HM Prison Manchester), still exist today, although Strangeways had to be rebuilt after most of the building was destroyed in riots (= violent protests) in the 1990s.The type of prison in which criminals serve their sentence depends on their category. Category A prisoners are considered dangerous and are held in maximum security closed prisons. Prisoners may be kept in solitary confinement (= alone and without contact with other prisoners) if they are likely to harm others or to be harmed by them. Category B and C prisoners are also held in closed prisons. Category D prisoners are trusted not to escape and are sent to low-security open prisons. Prisoners on remand (= waiting for their trial) should be held in remand centres, but because there is not enough space, many of them are kept in prisons. Young people aged 15–20 are normally sent to young offender institutions, sometimes called youth detention centres or youth custody centres. However, if space is not available young people are sometimes sent to adult prisons. A prison is run by a governor who is responsible to the Ministry of Justice, and the prisoners are guarded by warders. There are also some private prisons in Britain that are managed by private companies. They must follow rules that are set by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.There is not enough space available in prisons for the number of people being given custodial sentences (= being sent to prison). In the 1990s there were riots at several prisons because of poor conditions. Cells intended for one person often contain two or three.In the US the federal (= national) and state governments have prisons, sometimes called penitentiaries or correctional facilities. Counties and cities have jails. Federal prisons are minimum, low, medium or high security. All inmates (= prisoners) who can work must do so. People are sent to a prison if their sentence is for several years. If the sentence is a year or less they are sent to jail. Some prisoners on work release are allowed to leave jail during the day to go to a job. Prisoners often spend the last few months of their sentence in a halfway house where they are helped to prepare for life outside prison.In the US people who are waiting for their trial often do not go to prison but instead make bail (= pay money to the court) as a guarantee that they will return for the trial. People sent to prison as punishment rarely serve their full sentence but after some time are released on parole, which means they must report regularly to a government official. It is possible that two people who have committed the same crime may receive different punishments. To stop this happening some states have introduced mandatory sentencing, which means that the punishment for a crime is fixed by law, not decided by a judge.Extra ExamplesTopics Crime and punishmentb2He's gone to jail for fraud. 他已因诈骗罪入狱。 His lawyer worked hard to keep him out of jail. 为了帮他免除牢狱之灾，他的律师付出了很大努力。 How long has she been in jail? 她坐牢多久了？ She avoided jail by pleading insanity. 她以有精神病为由而免于入狱。 She could be out of jail in two years. 她可能在两年后出狱。 He was held overnight at the county jail. 他被羁押在县看守所过夜。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- city
- county
- local
- …
- go to
- put somebody in
- send somebody to
- …
- sentence
- term
- time
- …
- at a/the jail
- in (a/the) jail
Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.
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jail
verb(also British English, old-fashioned gaol)
[usually passive]to put somebody in prison 监禁 Extra ExamplesTopics Crime and punishmentb2She was jailed for ten years. 她坐了十年牢。 One man was arrested and jailed for biting a police officer. 一名男子因咬一名警察而被捕入狱。
Oxford Collocations DictionaryJail is used with these nouns as the object:- dissident
Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.
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