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TOEFL BNC: 1135 COCA: 1741

hardly

adverb
 
/ˈhɑːdli/
/ˈhɑːrdli/
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  1.  
     almost no; almost not; almost none几乎不；几乎没有
    • There's hardly any tea left.没有剩什么茶了。
    • Hardly anyone has bothered to reply.几乎没人开口回答。
    • She hardly ever calls me (= almost never).她几乎从未给我来过电话。
    • We hardly know each other.我们彼此还不大认识呢。
    • I had hardly seen my father since that day.从那天起，我几乎没见过我父亲。
    • It hardly seems fair to put all the blame on him.把所有的责任都推到他身上似乎不公平。
    • Hardly a day goes by without my thinking of her (= I think of her almost every day).我几乎天天想着她。
    • At the time, I hardly spoke any French.当时，我几乎不会说法语。
    • There was hardly a cloud in the sky.天空几乎没有一丝云彩。
  2.  
     used especially after ‘can’ or ‘could’ and before the main verb, to emphasize that it is difficult to do something（尤用于 can 或 could 之后，主要动词之前，强调做某事很难）
    • I can hardly keep my eyes open (= I'm almost falling asleep).我困得都快睁不开眼了。
    • I could hardly believe it when I read the letter.读到那封信时，我简直不敢相信。
  3.  
     used to suggest that something is unlikely or unreasonable or that somebody is silly for saying or doing something（表示不大可能、不合理或愚蠢）
    • He is hardly likely to admit he was wrong.他不大可能承认自己错了。
    • It's hardly surprising she was fired; she never did any work.她被解雇了不足为怪，她从来没干过任何工作。
    • It's hardly the time to discuss it now.现在并不是讨论的时候。
    • You can hardly expect her to do it for free.你不可能指望她无偿地做这事。
    • ‘Couldn't you have just said no?’ ‘Well, hardly (= of course not), she's my wife's sister.’“你不能就说声不吗？” “喔，不可能，她是我小姨子。”
    • He’s 24—hardly a baby.他24岁了——几乎还不是个婴儿。
    Which Word? hard / hardlyhard / hardly
    • The adverb from the adjective hard is hard:形容词 hard 的副词为 hard：
      • I have to work hard today.今天我得努力工作。
      • She has thought very hard about her future plans.她曾经苦苦思考将来该怎么办。
      • It was raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大。
    • Hardly is an adverb meaning ‘almost not’:hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有：
      • I hardly ever go to concerts.我很少去听音乐会。
      • I can hardly wait for my birthday.我迫切等待着我的生日。
      It cannot be used instead of hard:
      • I’ve been working hardly today.
      • She has thought very hardly about her future plans.
      • It was raining hardly outside.
  4. used to say that something has just begun, happened, etc.刚刚；才
    • We can't stop for coffee now, we've hardly started.现在不能停下来喝咖啡，我们刚刚才开始工作呢。
    • We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.我们刚坐下用晚餐，电话就响了。
    • (formal) Hardly had she spoken before she regretted it bitterly.她刚一开口就深深地后悔了。
Grammar Point hardly / scarcely / barely / no soonerhardly / scarcely / barely / no sooner
  • Hardly, scarcely and barely can all be used to say that something is only just true or possible. They are used with words like any and anyone, with adjectives and verbs, and are often placed between can, could, have, be, etc. and the main part of the verb:hardly、scarcely 和 barely 均可指刚刚、几乎不，与 any 和 anyone 等词以及形容词和动词连用，常置于 can、could、have、be 等和动词主要成分之间：
    • They have sold scarcely any copies of the book.这书他们几乎没卖出几本。
    • I barely recognized her.我几乎认不出她了。
    • His words were barely audible.他的话勉强听得见。
    • I can hardly believe it.我几乎不敢相信。
    • I hardly can believe it.
  • Hardly, scarcely and barely are negative words and should not be used with not or other negatives:
    • I can’t hardly believe it.
  • You can also use hardly, scarcely and barely to say that one thing happens immediately after another:亦可用 hardly、scarcely 和 barely 表示刚…就…：
    • We had hardly/​scarcely/​barely sat down at the table, when the doorbell rang.我们刚坐下，门铃就响了。
    In formal, written English, especially in a literary style, these words can be placed at the beginning of the sentence and then the subject and verb are turned around:在正式的书面语中，尤其在文学体中，上述各词可置于句首，然后将主语和动词的位置倒装：
    • Hardly/​Scarcely had we sat down at the table, when the doorbell rang.我们刚坐下，门铃就响了。
    Note that you usually use when in these sentences, not than. You can also use before:注意：在这类句子中通常用 when 而非 than，亦可用 before：
    • I scarcely had time to ring the bell before the door opened.我刚一按门铃，门就开了。
    No sooner can be used in the same way, but is always used with than:no sooner 与上述词用法相同，但总与 than 连用：
    • No sooner had we sat down at the table than the doorbell rang.我们刚坐下，门铃就响了。
  • Hardly and scarcely can be used to mean ‘almost never’, but barely is not used in this way:hardly 和 scarcely 可表示几乎从不、难得，但 barely 不这样用：
    • She hardly (ever) sees her parents these days.这些日子她难得见到她父母。
    • She barely sees her parents these days.

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