scratch
verbVerb Forms
Idioms Phrasal Verbs| present simple I / you / we / they scratch | |
| he / she / it scratches | |
| past simple scratched | |
| past participle scratched | |
| -ing form scratching |
- [transitive, intransitive]
to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching 挠，搔（痒处） - scratch something
John yawned and scratched his chin. 约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。 - scratch (yourself)
The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 狗用爪子挠挠耳后。 Try not to scratch. 尽量别挠。 - scratch at something
She scratched at the insect bites on her arm. 她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
Extra ExamplesHe absently scratched his head. 他心不在焉地挠了挠头。 He kept scratching at his nose. 他不停地挠着鼻子。 He scratched at his beard for a few seconds. 他抓了几下胡子。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- scratch something
- [transitive, intransitive]
to cut or damage your skin slightly with something sharp 划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤） - scratch (somebody/something/yourself)
I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 我把腿抓出了血。 Does the cat scratch? 这只猫抓人吗？ - scratch somebody/something/yourself on something
She scratched herself on a nail. 她被钉子划了一下。
Extra ExamplesTopics Illnessb2I scratched my arm on a rose bush. 我被玫瑰花丛划伤了胳膊。 She scratched his face with her nails. 她用指甲抓伤了他的脸。 She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker. 显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- scratch (somebody/something/yourself)
- [transitive] scratch something
to damage the surface of something, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏 Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb- badly
- absently
- lightly
- …
- at
- on
- with
- …
- [transitive] scratch something + adv./prep.
to make or remove a mark, etc. on something deliberately, by rubbing it with something hard or sharp 刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹 - [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.)
to make an annoying noise by rubbing something with something sharp 刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声 - [transitive] scratch a living
to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty 勉强维持生活 75% of the population scratch a living from the soil. 75%的人口从土壤中谋生。
- [transitive, intransitive]
to decide that something cannot happen or somebody/something cannot take part in something, before it starts 取消；撤销；退出 - scratch somebody/something
to scratch a rocket launch 取消火箭发射计划 - scratch somebody/something from something
The horse was scratched from the race because of injury. 这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。 - scratch (from something)
She had scratched because of a knee injury. 她因膝伤退出了比赛。
- scratch somebody/something
rub with your nails用指甲挠
cut skin划破皮肤
damage surface损坏表面
make/remove mark造成／去除痕迹
make sound发出声音
a living生计
cancel取消
Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
scratch your head (over something)
to think hard in order to find an answer to something 苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁 Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime. 专家们一直对青少年犯罪的增加感到困惑。
scratch the surface (of something)
to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem 作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒 We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country. 我们离开时觉得我们只是触及了这个迷人国家的表面。 The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem. 这次调查只是触及了该城市毒品问题的表面。
you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours
- (saying)
used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others 礼尚往来；私相授受