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IELTS BNC: 127 COCA: 150

leave

verb
 
/liːv/
/liːv/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they leave
/liːv/
/liːv/
he / she / it leaves
/liːvz/
/liːvz/
past simple left
/left/
/left/
past participle left
/left/
/left/
-ing form leaving
/ˈliːvɪŋ/
/ˈliːvɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
jump to other results

    place/person地方；人

  1.  
     [intransitive, transitive] to go away from a person or a place离开（某人或某处）
    • Come on, it's time we left (= time for us to leave).快点，我们该走了。
    • She left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别。
    • leave for something The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于 12:35 起飞前往达拉斯。
    • What time do you have to leave for work?你什么时候必须去上班？
    • leave something The plane leaves Heathrow at 12.35.飞机于 12:35 在希思罗机场起飞。
    • I hate leaving home.我讨厌离开家。
    • She left the house around 8 this morning.她今天早上8点左右离开了家。
    • The whole family was forced to leave the country.全家被迫离开这个国家。
    Extra Examples
    • You want Chris? Sorry, he's just left.你想要克里斯？抱歉，他刚走。
    • Did you want something? I was just about to leave.你想要什么吗？我正好要出去。
    • You're not welcome here. You should leave.这里不欢迎你。你应该离开。
    • I wanted to leave but they wouldn't let me.我想走，但他们不让。
    • The bus leaves at 8.30.公共汽车8点30分离开。
    • The train was just leaving the station.火车刚刚离开车站。
    • I heard his car leaving the driveway.我听到他的车离开车道。
    • They left for Scotland this morning.他们今天早上动身前往苏格兰。
    • By the time I got there, they'd already left for home.我到那里的时候，他们已经回家了。
    • You should have left for school by now.你现在应该已经去上学了。
    • I never leave the house without my phone.我从不不带手机出门。
    • He left home around 8 this morning.他今天早上8点左右离开家。
    • They started talking about her as soon as she left the room.她一离开房间，他们就开始谈论她。
    • They keep a record of everyone entering and leaving the premises.他们记录每个人进出该场所的情况。
    • I'm sorry, he's already left the office.对不起，他已经离开办公室了。
    • She was injured and left the field.她受了伤，离开了赛场。
    • They were being extremely rowdy and the manager had to ask them to leave.他们大吵大闹，经理只好请他们离开。
    • They were caught trying to leave the country.他们在试图离境时被抓获。
    • We were all packed and ready to leave.我们都整装待发。
    • Are you ready to leave yet?你准备好离开了吗？
    • If we leave now, we should make it in time.如果我们现在离开，我们应该及时赶到。
    • John says he left the restaurant at around midnight.约翰说他在午夜前后离开了餐厅。
    • She refused to leave until she had talked to an officer.她拒绝离开，直到她和一名军官谈过。
    • It looked as though they had left in a hurry.看起来他们好像匆忙离开了。
    • They got into an argument and were asked to leave.他们争论了起来，因而被要求离开。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverb + leave
    • decide to
    • intend to
    • plan to
    • …
    preposition
    • for
    See full entry
    2.

    home/job/school家；工作；学校

  2.  
     [intransitive, transitive] to stop living at a place, belonging to a group, working for an employer, etc.离开居住地点（或群体、工作单位等）
    • My assistant is threatening to leave.我的助手正以辞职相要挟。
    • leave something He didn't leave home until he was 30.他直到30岁才离开家。
    • (British English) She left school at 16.她16岁离开学校。
    • (North American English) I went to see him, but was told he had left town.我去看他，但被告知他已经离开了城镇。
    • The Mayor left office in 2018.市长于2018年离任。
    • Why did you leave your last job?你为什么离职？
    • leave for something People leave for better-paid jobs elsewhere.人们去其他地方从事报酬更高的工作。
    • leave something for something Many of her relatives had left Ireland for America.她的许多亲戚已经离开爱尔兰去了美国。
    Extra Examples
    • He had left the organization some years before.他几年前就离开了这个组织。
    • I decided to leave the company and go freelance.我决定离开公司，去做自由职业者。
    • I worked in Hong Kong after I left university.大学毕业后在香港工作。
    • Her youngest child has just left college.她最小的孩子刚刚大学毕业。
    • US troops left the island in December 1983. 美军于1983年12月离开该岛。
    • His family had to leave the village.他的家人不得不离开村子。
    • She claims she was forced to leave her job after she became pregnant.她声称自己怀孕后被迫离职。
    • She left school at 14 with no qualifications.她14岁时就从学校肄业了。
    • They left for a new life abroad.他们去国外开始新的生活。
    • Too many teachers are leaving the profession for higher-paid jobs.有太多的教师为了更高的薪酬而离开这个行业。
    • Hundreds of villagers have already left to seek work in the towns.已经有数百名村民进城找工作去了。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverb + leave
    • decide to
    • intend to
    • plan to
    • …
    preposition
    • for
    See full entry
    3.

    partner

  3.  
     [intransitive, transitive] to leave your wife, husband or partner permanently遗弃；丢弃
    • I was afraid you'd leave if you knew the truth.我担心如果你知道真相你会离开。
    • leave somebody I'll never leave you.我永远不会离开你。
    • leave somebody for somebody She left him for a colleague.她为了一个同事离开了他。
    Extra Examples
    • He's been depressed since his wife left.自从妻子离开后，他一直很沮丧。
    • His father left his mother when he was just two years old.他父亲在他两岁的时候就离开了他母亲。
    • His girlfriend was threatening to leave him.他的女朋友威胁要离开他。
    • I'm sorry, George, I'm leaving you.对不起，乔治，我要离开你了。
    • He promised he would leave his wife for her.他答应为了妻子离开她。
    • My fiance left me for someone else.我未婚夫为了别人离开了我。
    • She's leaving him for another man.她要抛弃他去跟另一个男人。
    Topics Family and relationshipsa1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverb + leave
    • decide to
    • intend to
    • plan to
    • …
    preposition
    • for
    See full entry
    4.

    somebody/something in place/condition

  4.  
     [transitive] to go away from a place without taking something/somebody with you忘了带；丢下
    • leave something/somebody I'll have to go back—I've left my jacket.我得回去了——我忘了带夹克。
    • They left the children and went out for the evening.他们离开了孩子们，晚上出去了。
    • leave something/somebody + adv./prep. I've left my bag on the bus.我把包忘在公共汽车上了。
    • You can leave your things here.你可以把你的东西放在这里。
    • leave something/somebody behind He wasn't well, so we had to leave him behind.他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。
    • Don't leave any of your belongings behind.别忘了带上自己的随身物品。
    Extra Examples
    • Is there somewhere we can leave our luggage?我们能把行李放在什么地方吗？
    • I've left my phone somewhere but I can't remember where.我把手机落在了某个地方，但一时记不起是哪里。
    • Hang on a minute—I left my phone upstairs.等一下——我把手机忘在楼上了。
    • I stupidly left my passport at home.我愚蠢地把护照忘在家里了。
    • The lost property office is full of belongings people have left on trains.失物招领处堆满了人们留在火车上的物品。
    • You'll have to leave your dog outside.你必须把你的狗放在外面。
    • She left her little brother in the park and came home by herself.她把小弟弟留在公园里，自己回家了。
    • What shall we do with the baby? We can't leave him.我们该拿孩子怎么办？我们不能离开他。
    • They were charged with neglect after leaving their children to go on holiday.他们被指控遗弃孩子去度假。
    • He's old enough to be left for the evening.他够大了，可以留下来过夜了。
  5.  
     [transitive] to make or allow somebody/something to remain in a particular condition, place, etc.使保留，让…处于（某种状态、某地等）
    • leave somebody/something + adj. Leave the door open, please.请把门开着吧。
    • The bomb blast left 25 people dead.那颗炸弹炸死了 25 个人。
    • His help left her free to focus on her research.他的帮助让她可以自由地专注于自己的研究。
    • leave somebody/something doing something Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.别让她在外边雨里等着。
    • We were left feeling rather disappointed.我们感到相当失望。
    • leave somebody/something to do something Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.把大米煮 20 分钟。
    • leave something He ate up his vegetables but left the chicken.他吃光了蔬菜，但留下了鸡肉。
    Extra Examples
    • The treatment had left her vulnerable to infection. 治疗使她易受感染。
    • He had left his food untouched.他没动过他的食物。
    • The experience left them shaken, but unharmed.这次经历让他们动摇了，但没有受伤。
    • The accident left him unable to walk.这次事故使他丧失了行走能力。
    • The writer leaves us free to imagine our own ending to the story.作者让我们自由想象自己的故事结局。
    • We were left in no doubt who was really to blame.我们毫不怀疑到底是谁该受责备。
    • They were left without power for two days after storms blew down cables.暴风雨吹倒电缆后，他们两天没有电。
    • The furniture had all been left in place, just as it would have been when he was alive.家具都放在原处，就像他活着的时候一样。
    • They left me standing there like an idiot while they argued.他们争论时让我像个白痴一样站在那里。
    • I was left wondering what had really happened.我不知道到底发生了什么。
    • Don't leave your stuff lying around.不要把你的东西到处乱放。
    • Remove the pan from the heat and leave it to cool down.把锅从火上拿开，让它冷却。
    • I'll leave you to enjoy your book.我会让你享受你的书。
    • We left them to have some time alone.我们让他们单独呆一会儿。
  6.  
    be left
    [transitive] to remain to be used, sold, etc.留下备用（或销售等）
    • Is there any coffee left?还有咖啡剩下吗？
    • He's spent all the money—there's nothing left.他花光了所有的钱——什么都没有了。
    • You still have a few minutes left.你还有几分钟。
    • How many tickets do you have left?你还剩下多少张票？
    • be left of something They are fighting to save what is left of their business.他们在拼命抢救他们仅余的业务。
    • Not much is left of the old town.老城没剩下多少了。
    • be left to somebody The only course of action left to me was to notify her employer.我可以采取的唯一措施就是通知她的雇主。
    Extra Examples
    • Are there any cookies left? 有剩下的曲奇饼吗？
    • There's no time left. We have to decide now.没时间了。我们现在必须做出决定。
    • If there's any left, I'll use it to make soup.如果还有剩下的，我就用它做汤。
    • There's no water left in the jug.罐子里没有水了。
    • If you have a few minutes left at the end, use them to check your work.如果你最后还有几分钟，用它们来检查你的工作。
    • I've still got a few presents left to buy.我还有几件礼物要买。
    • There are 85 days left until the games begin.离比赛开始还有85天。
    • There's only a year left until I finish university.离我大学毕业只有一年了。
    • By the time we'd finished, there wasn't a lot left to spend.当我们完成的时候，已经没有什么可花的了。
    • I'm sorry, we haven't got any of the blue ones left.对不起，我们没有剩下蓝色的了。
    • As the hurricane blew over, people returned to what was left of their homes.随着飓风的结束，人们回到了他们剩下的家园。
    • He tried to brush what was left of his hair across his scalp.他试图把他剩下的头发拂过头皮。
    • The company is trying to salvage what's left of its reputation.该公司正试图挽救其仅存的声誉。
    • The only option left to us was to fire her.我们唯一的选择就是解雇她。
    • They decided that the only avenue left to them was legal action.他们决定留给他们的唯一途径是法律诉讼。
  7.  
     [transitive] to make something happen or remain as a result使发生；造成，使留下为（某种结果）
    • leave something Red wine leaves a stain.红葡萄酒会留下污渍。
    • The Romans left their mark on Britain.罗马人在英国留下了他们的印记。
    • Leave room on the spreadsheet to add the results later.在电子表格上留出空间，以便以后添加结果。
    • They've left a space here where you can put your name.他们在这里留了一块地方，你可以在那里写下你的名字。
    • leave somebody with something She left me with the impression that she was unhappy.她给我的印象是她不快乐。
    • leave somebody something I'm afraid you leave me no choice.恐怕你没有给我选择的余地。
    Extra Examples
    • The storm left a trail of destruction.暴风雨留下了毁灭的痕迹。
    • First experiences leave lasting impressions.第一次经历会留下持久的印象。
    • The incident left its mark on all of us.这件事给我们大家留下了深刻的印象。
    • He disappeared without leaving a trace.他消失得无影无踪。
    • This doesn't leave much room for error.这不会给错误留下太多空间。
    • The film leaves you with the desire to find out more.这部电影让你渴望了解更多。
    • I was left with the feeling that I'd done something wrong.我觉得自己做错了什么。
    • You haven't left me much room for manoeuvre.你没有给我留下多少回旋的余地。
    • I've left you some space on the shelf for your books.我在书架上给你的书留了一些地方。
    • We try to leave people a positive impression.我们努力给人留下积极的印象。
    • She left them no option but to fire her.她让他们别无选择，只能解雇她。
    8.

    deliver递送

  8.  
     [transitive] to deliver, write or record something to be seen or heard later递送；递交；投递
    • leave something Lots of people had left comments under the post.许多人在帖子下面留下了评论。
    • Someone called, but they didn't leave a message.有人打电话来，但是没有留言。
    • leave something for somebody Someone left this note for you.有人给你送来了这张便条。
    • leave somebody something Someone left you this note.有人给你送来了这张便条。
    Extra Examples
    • Leave a message and we'll get back to you as soon as we can.请留言，我们会尽快回复您。
    • She disappeared without leaving a note.她没留便条就消失了。
    • Please leave a comment on the blog.请在博客上留言。
    • I left a message on his Facebook page.我在他的脸书页面上留言了。
    • He left a sign on the door saying 'Gone fishing'.他在门上留了一块牌子，上面写着“去钓鱼”。
    • She had left a little note inside the package.她在包裹里留了一张小纸条。
    • Somebody left you some flowers.有人给你留了些花。
    • Perhaps this mess was their way of leaving us a message.也许这种混乱是他们给我们留言的方式。
    • I left myself a note to get more coffee.我给自己留了张纸条，让自己多买些咖啡。
    • She leaves herself little reminders all over the house.她在屋子里到处给自己留下小小的提醒。
    More Like This Verbs with two objectsVerbs with two objects
    9.

    something to do later以后要做的事

  9.  
     [transitive] to not do something or deal with something immediately不立刻做；不马上处理
    • leave something Leave the dishes—I'll do them later.盘子先搁着吧，我等会儿再洗。
    • leave something until/till something Why do you always leave everything until the last moment?你怎么什么事都留到最后一刻才处理？
    • leave something for something Let's leave that topic for another day.让我们把那个话题留到另一天。
    Extra Examples
    • I'm going to leave this now and finish it tomorrow morning.我现在就把这个留下，明天早上完成。
    • If you find a question difficult, leave it and come back to it.如果你觉得一个问题很难，那就离开它，回到它上面来。
    • Leave it! It's not worth bothering with!别管它！不值得你费心！
    • We all know we shouldn't leave essays until the night before they're due.我们都知道我们不应该在论文到期的前一天晚上离开。
    • I left the best till last.我把最好的留到了最后。
    • OK, let's leave the discussion there for now.好了，现在让我们把讨论留在那里。
    • He decided to leave the washing-up for later.他决定把餐具留到以后再洗。
    • We can leave that issue for next week.我们可以把那个问题留到下周。
    10.

    responsibility to somebody留给某人的责任

  10.  
     [transitive] to allow somebody to take care of something把…留交；交托；委托
    • leave something to somebody/something You can leave the cooking to me.你可以把做饭的事交给我。
    • They didn't leave anything to chance (= everything was planned carefully).他们没有放过任何机会。
    • leave it (up) to somebody (to do something) ‘Where shall we eat?’ ‘I’ll leave it entirely (up) to you (= you can decide).’“我们上哪儿吃去？” “我全交给你来决定好了。”
    • I leave it to you to decide what order to do things in.事情应该按什么顺序来做，就由你来决定了。
    • leave somebody + adv./prep. She left her assistant in charge.她委托助手来负责。
    • leave something with somebody Leave it with me—I'm sure I can sort it out.把这事交给我吧，我一定会解决的。
    • leave somebody with something They left me with all the clearing up.他们把什么都留给我来收拾。
    • leave somebody/something to do something Can I leave you to lock up the shop?我可以让你锁店吗？
    • I was left to cope on my own.就剩下我一个人来单独对付。
    Extra Examples
    • He leaves most of the important decisions to his wife.他把大部分重要的决定留给妻子。
    • Stop analysing everybody! Leave that to the psychologists!停止分析每个人！交给心理学家吧！
    • If you leave it with me, I'll get back to you within a day or two.如果你把它留给我，我会在一两天内给你回电话。
    • I left the problem with Gina to sort out.我把问题留给吉娜去解决。
    • He has fun baking with the kids and I'm left with all the mess to clean up.他和孩子们一起烤得很开心，剩下我一个人收拾残局。
    • I left him with the boxes to pack. 我把要打包的箱子留给了他。
    • I'll leave you to finish this when you have time.你有时间的时候我会让你完成这件事。
    • We left them to keep an eye on the house while we were away.我们离开时让他们照看房子。
    11.

    after death死后

  11.  
     [transitive] to give something to somebody when you die（去世时）遗赠，遗留 synonym bequeath
    • leave something He left a large estate.他留下了一大笔遗产。
    • leave something to somebody She left £1 million to her daughter.她遗留给女儿 100 万英镑。
    • leave somebody something She left her daughter £1 million.她遗留给女儿 100 万英镑。
    Extra Examples
    • He left over ten million dollars when he died.他去世时留下了一千多万美元。
    • She left everything to charity.她把一切都留给了慈善机构。
    • Her father's will left everything to her brothers.她父亲的遗嘱把一切都留给了她的兄弟。
    • She promised she would leave the house to me.她答应把房子留给我。
    • Her grandfather left her some stocks and shares.她的祖父留给她一些股票和股份。
    • She died and left me nothing.她死了，什么也没留给我。
    • I'll leave you the ring when I die.我死后会把戒指留给你。
    • I'll leave it to you when I die.我死了就交给你了。
  12. [transitive] leave somebody to have family who continue to live after your death遗下（家人）
    • He leaves a wife and two children.他遗下妻子和两个孩子。
    13.

    mathematics数学

  13. [transitive] leave something to have a particular amount left over剩余；余下
    • Seven from ten leaves three.10 减 7 得 3。
    14. Word Originverb Old English lǣfan ‘bequeath’, also ‘allow to remain, leave in place’ of Germanic origin; related to German bleiben ‘remain’.
Idioms Most idioms containing leave are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example leave somebody in the lurch is at lurch. 
be left to yourself
  1. to be alone递送；递交；投递
    • I didn’t know anyone in New York, so I was left to myself to explore.我在纽约谁都不认识，就剩下我自己去探索了。
  2. to be allowed to do what you want把…留交；交托；委托
    • Left to himself, the dog will eat anything and everything.留给自己，狗什么都吃，什么都吃。
somebody can take it or leave it
  1. used to say that you do not care if somebody accepts or rejects your offer要就要，不要就拉倒；取舍请便
  2. used to say that somebody does not have a strong opinion about something可有可无；无所谓；无偏好
    • Dancing? I can take it or leave it.跳舞？我跳不跳都行。
    Topics Opinion and argumentc2
leave somebody be
  1. (informal) to stop annoying somebody or trying to get their attention松手；撒手；放开 synonym leave/let somebody alone
    • Why can’t you stop texting me and just leave me be?你为什么不停止给我发短信，让我一个人呆着？
leave go (of something)
  1. (British English, informal) to stop holding on to something松手；撒手；放开 synonym let go
    • Leave go of my arm—you're hurting me!放开我的手臂，你弄痛我了！
leave it at that
  1. (informal) to say or do nothing more about something别再说了；到此为止；就这样算了
    • We'll never agree, so let's just leave it at that.咱们不可能意见一致，所以这事就这样吧。
leave it out
  1. (British English, informal) used to tell somebody to stop doing something（让人停止做某事）行啦，就这样吧

leave

noun
 
/liːv/
/liːv/
[uncountable]Idioms
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  1.  
     a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday or for a special reason假期；休假
    • to take a month’s paid/unpaid leave带薪／不带薪休假一个月
    • How much annual leave do you get?你们的年假有多长？
    • on leave soldiers home on leave回家休假的士兵
    • She's on maternity leave.她在休产假。
    see also compassionate leave, family leave, maternity leave, parental leave, paternity leave, sick leave
    Extra Examples
    • I still have some leave left this year.我今年还有些假没休。
    • I still have some leave to use up.我还有些假期没休完。
    • I'm saving all my leave to have a long holiday later in the year.我把所有的假期都攒起来以便年末有一个长假。
    • She spent most of her leave with her family.她大部份假期都是和家人一起度过的。
    • She's on leave until the end of the month.她休假至月末。
    • I got an automated reply saying he was away on leave.我收到一个自动回复，说他休假去了。
    • One of the managers had gone on extended leave.其中一名经理休了长假。
    • He returned to work after a period of leave.休假一段时间后，他回来工作了。
    • The first six weeks of leave are paid and after that it is unpaid.前六周的假期是带薪的，之后是不带薪的。
    • He was granted six month's leave to care for his wife.他获准休假六个月照顾妻子。
    • When the war broke out all leave was cancelled.战争爆发后，所有的假期都取消了。
    • Benefits include 28 days' annual leave.福利包括28天年假。
    • He applied for study leave to write the book.他向任教的大学请了学术假去写那本书。
    • Her husband is in the army and was due home on leave.她的丈夫在部队服役，本应休假回家。
    • Sylvia's on maternity leave.西尔维娅在休产假。
    • The job is a temporary, six-month maternity leave cover.这份工作是临时的，为期六个月的产假。
    • Many companies are now offering paternity leave.许多公司现在提供陪产假。
    • New parents are entitled to a year's parental leave which they can split between them as they choose.新父母有权享受一年的育儿假，他们可以根据自己的选择分享。
    • The firm allowed her to take a month's unpaid leave.公司允许她休一个月的无薪假。
    • Find out what leave entitlements you have.了解你有哪些休假权利。
    • changes to parental leave provisions育儿假规定的变化
    Topics Permission and obligationb2, Working lifeb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • annual
    • paid
    • unpaid
    • …
    verb + leave
    • be entitled to
    • get
    • have
    • …
    leave + noun
    • entitlement
    preposition
    • on leave
    See full entry
  2. (formal) official permission to do something准许；许可
    • without leave to be absent without leave未经许可擅自离开
    • leave to do something The court granted him leave to appeal against the sentence.法庭准许他对判决提出上诉。
    • They sought special leave (= leave for particular reasons that apply just to this case) to appeal.他们请求特别许可上诉。
    • She asked for leave of absence (= permission to be away from work) to attend a funeral.她请了假去参加葬礼。
    • He applied for leave to remain in the United Kingdom.他申请留在英国。
    Extra Examples
    • They applied for asylum and were granted temporary leave to stay in the country.他们申请了庇护，并获准暂时留在该国。
    • The school gave him leave of absence to play in the final.学校批了假让他去参加决赛。
    • In May the officer went absent without leave.那名警察在5月份擅离职守。
    • An application for leave to appeal must be made within four weeks.上诉申请必须在四周之内提出。
    • A single justice has power to grant leave to bring proceedings in certain cases.单一法官有权在某些案件中准许提起诉讼。
    • No application may be made without the leave of the court.未经法庭批准，不得提出任何申请。
    • The appeal can only be brought by leave of the trial judge.只有在承审法官批准后才能上诉。
    • He asked for leave of absence from his job.他向单位请了假。
    • soldiers who go absent without leave擅自离队的士兵
    Topics Permission and obligationc1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • special
    verb + leave
    • ask
    • request
    • give somebody
    • …
    preposition
    • by somebody’s leave
    • with somebody’s leave
    • without somebody’s leave
    • …
    phrases
    • absent without leave
    • leave of absence
    See full entry
    3. Word Originnoun Old English lēaf ‘permission’, of West Germanic origin; related to lief and love.
Idioms
beg leave to do something
  1. (formal) to ask somebody for permission to do something请求准许做某事
    • I beg leave to add a few comments of my own.请允许我补充一些我自己的意见。
by/with your leave
  1. (formal) with your permission如蒙您允许的话；承蒙俯允
take French leave
  1. (British English) to leave work without asking permission first擅离职守
take (your) leave (of somebody)
  1. (formal) to say goodbye告辞；辞别
    • With a nod and a smile, she took leave of her friends.她点头微笑着向朋友告辞。
take leave of your senses
  1. (old-fashioned) to start behaving as if you are crazy丧失理智；发疯
without a by your leave; without so much as a by your leave
  1. (old-fashioned) without asking permission; rudely擅自；未经许可；粗鲁地；无礼地
    • He walked straight in, without so much as a by your leave.他径直走进来，甚至没有经过你的允许。

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