- [countable]
a sum of money that somebody owes 借款；欠款；债务 to pay/repay a debt 偿还债务 I need to pay off all my debts. 我需要还清所有的债务。 I've finally cleared all my debts. 我终于还清了所有的债务。 After settling his debts he was left with just £2000. 还清债务后，他只剩下2000英镑。 an outstanding debt of £300 有待偿还的 300 英镑债务 He had run up huge credit card debts. 他积欠了巨额的信用卡债务。 They had incurred debts of over $1 million. 他们负债超过100万美元。
CollocationsFinance Finance 财务 Income 收入 - earn money/cash/(informal) a fortune/the minimum wage/a living wage
- make money/a fortune/(informal) a killing on the stock market
在股市上赚钱／赚一大笔钱／发大财 - acquire/inherit/amass wealth/a fortune
获得／继承／积累财富／一大笔钱 - build up funds/savings
积累资金／存款 - get/receive/leave (somebody) an inheritance/a legacy
得到／（给某人）留下遗产 - live on a low wage/a fixed income/a pension
靠低微的工资／固定收入／养老金过活 - get/receive/draw/collect a pension
领取养老金 - depend/be dependent on (British English) benefits/(North American English) welfare/social security
靠福利金／社会保障金过活
Expenditure 开支；支出 - spend money/your savings/(informal) a fortune on…
把钱／存款／一大笔钱花在…上 - invest/put your savings in…
投资／把储蓄金用于… - throw away/waste/ (informal) shell out money on…
把钱浪费／花费巨资在…上 - lose your money/inheritance/pension
失去钱财／遗产／养老金 - use up/ (informal) wipe out all your savings
把储蓄用光 - pay (in) cash
用现金支付 - use/pay by a credit/debit/contactless card
- pay by/make out a/write somebody a/accept a (British English) cheque/(US English) check
用支票支付；开支票；给某人开支票；接受支票 - change/exchange money/currency
- give/pay/leave (somebody) a deposit
预付（某人）订金
Banks 银行 - have/hold/open/close/freeze a bank account/an account
持有／开立／注销／冻结银行账户 - credit/debit/pay something into/take money out of your account
记入账户的贷方／借方；把钱存入账户／从账户中取出 - deposit money/funds in your account
往账户里存钱／存入资金 - withdraw money/cash/£30 from an ATM, etc.
从自动提款机等取钱／现金／30 英镑 - (formal) make a deposit/withdrawal
存款；取款 - find/go to/use (especially North American English) an ATM/(British English) a cash machine/dispenser
找到／去／使用自动提款机 - be in credit/in debit/in the black/in the red/overdrawn
账面有钱／亏空；有盈余；透支 - use a mobile/an online banking app/platform/service
Personal finance 个人理财 - manage/handle/plan/run/ (especially British English) sort out your finances
管理／处理／计划／经营管理／整顿财务问题 - plan/manage/work out/stick to a budget
计划／管理／制订／严格执行预算 - offer/extend credit (to somebody)
（给某人）提供贷款 - arrange/take out a loan/an overdraft
商定／获得贷款／透支额 - pay back/repay money/a loan/a debt
偿还钱／贷款／债务 - pay for something in (especially British English) instalments/(North American English usually) installments
以分期付款方式购买某物
Financial difficulties 财务困难 - get into debt/financial difficulties
陷入债务／财务困难 - be short of/ (informal) be strapped for cash
缺钱 - run out of/owe money
钱用光了；欠钱 - face/get/ (informal) be landed with a bill for £…
面对／收到一张…英镑的账单 - can’t afford the cost of…/payments/rent
承担不起…的费用／款项／房租 - fall behind with/ (especially North American English) fall behind on the mortgage/repayments/rent
拖欠按揭贷款／分期偿还款项／房租 - incur/run up/accumulate debts
带来／积欠／累积债务 - tackle/reduce/settle your debts
处理／减少／付清债务
Extra ExamplesTopics Moneyb2After a series of meetings, the banks were forced to write off the company's debts. 经过一系列的会议，银行被迫注销了这家公司的债务。 He was burdened with crippling debts. 他负债累累，深受其苦。 a company faced with mounting debts 负债越来越多的公司 He wanted to consolidate his debts into one payment. 他想把债务合并在一起支付。 The company has reached a deal allowing it to restructure its debts. 这家公司达成协议获准重组其债务。 Only two payments were made, leaving an outstanding debt of £300. 只支付了两笔款项，未偿债务为300英镑。 Data show that debt levels at private companies are increasing. 数据显示私营企业的负债水平在上升。 Managing your student loan debt is not easy. 管理学生贷款债务不容易。 The country has a national debt of 80% of GNP. 该国的国债占国民生产总值的80%。 The company wrote it off as a bad debt. 公司将其作为坏账注销。 debts arising from bad investments 错误投资产生的债务 a debt secured on property 以房产作担保的债务 The fall in exports has left the country unable to service its debts. 出口的滑坡使这个国家无力支付债务利息。 Without a job, he'll never clear his debts. 没有工作的话，他永远不可能还清债务。 The company defaulted on its debt and its assets were seized. 这家公司拖欠债务资产遭到查封。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- big
- crippling
- enormous
- …
- be burdened with
- have
- owe (somebody)
- …
- fall due
- stand at something
- total something
- …
- collection
- collector
- payment
- …
- of debt
- a burden of debt
- payment of a debt
- repayment of a debt
- …
- [uncountable]
the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay 负债情况 - in debt
He died heavily in debt. 他死时负债累累。 The club is £4 million in debt. 这家俱乐部负债 400 万英镑。 We were poor but we never got into debt. 我们穷是穷，但从不负债。 - out of debt
It's hard to stay out of debt when you are a student. 当学生很难不负债。 The country's debt burden is increasing. 该国的债务负担正在增加。
Extra ExamplesTopics Shoppingb2a solution to the debt crisis of the developing world 发展中国家债务危机的解决方法 We offer financial and debt-management advice. 我们提供金融和债务管理咨询。 Faced with a mounting burden of debt, he sold off the company. 他面临着越来越重的债务负担，只得卖掉了公司。 Governments may find it increasingly difficult to manage their debt repayments. 政府可能会发现管理债务偿还越来越困难。 She faces a mountain of debt—$60 000 in student loans and $15 000 in credit card balances. 她面临着堆积如山的债务——6万美元的学生贷款和1.5万美元的信用卡余额。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- serious
- get into
- go into
- slip into
- …
- in debt
- out of debt
- deeply in debt
- heavily in debt
- in debt
- [countable, usually singular]
the fact that you should feel grateful to somebody because they have helped you or been kind to you 人情债；情义；恩情 I owe them a debt of gratitude that I can never repay. 我欠他们一份永远无法偿还的感激之情。 I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. 我想向我的老师表达我的感激之情。 She was simply repaying a debt, saving his career in return for him saving hers. 她不过是还个人情，为报答他曾拯救过自己的事业才拯救他的事业。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- great
- owe
- acknowledge
- recognize
- …
- in somebody’s debt
- debt to
- owe a debt of gratitude to somebody
Word OriginMiddle English dette: from Old French, based on Latin debitum ‘something owed’, past participle of debere ‘owe’. The spelling change in French and English was by association with the Latin word.
Idioms
be in somebody’s debt
- (formal)
to feel grateful to somebody for their help, kind behaviour, etc. 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人 I am in Ruth's debt for the excellent advice she gave me. 露丝给了我很好的建议，我欠她一个人情。