cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat 牛 
a herd of cattle 一群牛 twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows) 二十头牛 dairy/beef cattle 乳牛；菜牛 The prisoners were herded into trucks like cattle. 囚犯像牛一样被赶进卡车。
Collocations FarmingFarming 农场经营 Growing food and raising animals 种植粮食和饲养动物 - plant trees/seeds/crops/vines/barley
植树；播种；种庄稼；种植葡萄树；种大麦 - grow/produce corn/wheat/rice/fruit
种植／生产玉米／小麦／大米／水果 - plough/(North American English) plow land/a field
耕地；犁田 - sow/harvest seeds/crops/fields
播种／收获谷粒／农作物／庄稼 - spread manure/fertilizer on something
给…施撒粪肥／肥料 - cultivate/irrigate/water/contaminate crops/plants/fields/land
耕作／灌溉／浇灌／污染庄稼／植物／田地／土地 - damage/destroy/lose your crop
损害／毁坏／损失农作物 - ripen/pick fruit/berries/grapes
催熟／采摘水果／浆果／葡萄 - press/dry/ferment grapes
压榨／晾干／发酵葡萄 - grind/thresh grain/corn/wheat
磨／打谷物／玉米／小麦 - raise/rear/keep chickens/poultry/cattle/pigs
饲养鸡／家禽／牛／猪 - raise/breed/feed/graze livestock/cattle/sheep
饲养／喂养／放养家畜／牛／羊 - kill/slaughter livestock
屠宰家畜 - preserve/smoke/cure/salt meat
防腐保存／熏／加工贮藏／用盐腌制肉
Modern farming 现代农场经营 - run a fish farm/an organic dairy farm
- engage in/be involved in intensive (pig/fish) farming
从事集约型（生猪／渔业）养殖 - use/apply (chemical/organic) fertilizer/insecticides/pesticides
使用（化学／有机）肥料／杀虫剂 - begin/do/conduct field trials of GM (= genetically modified) crops
开始／进行转基因作物的田间试验 - grow/develop GM crops/seeds/plants/foods
种植／研发转基因作物／种子／植物／粮食 - fund/invest in genetic engineering/research
资助／投资基因工程／研究 - improve/increase crop yields
提高／增加粮食产量 - face/suffer from/alleviate food shortages
面临／遭受／缓解食物短缺 - label food that contains GMOs (= genetically modified organisms)
给含有转基因生物的食品贴标签 - eliminate/reduce farm subsidies
取消／减少农业补贴 - oppose/be against factory farming/GM food
反对工厂化养殖／转基因食品 - promote/encourage/support organic/sustainable farming
促进／鼓励／支持有机／可持续农耕
Extra ExamplesTopics Animalsc1Cattle that stray onto the electric railway line are killed instantly. 走失到电气铁路轨道上去的牛立刻给杀死了。 Cattle were first domesticated in Neolithic times. 新石器时代有人开始驯养牛。 Farmers drove cattle along major roads as a protest against high taxes. 农民沿着大路赶牛示威，反对重税。 He moved his cattle farther down into the valley in winter. 冬天他把牛赶到山谷中更远的地方。 Villagers traditionally have the right to graze their cattle on the common land. 按惯例村民可以在公用地上放牛。 cattle grazing in the fields 正在牧场吃草的牛 Electric cattle prods were used against the demonstrators. 当局用赶牛电棒来对付示威者。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- beef
- dairy
- Highland
- …
- head
- herd
- keep
- raise
- rear
- …
- graze
- auction
- market
- breeding
- …
- a breed of cattle
Word OriginMiddle English (also denoting personal property or wealth): from Anglo-Norman French catel, variant of Old French chatel, from medieval Latin capitale, from Latin capitalis, from caput ‘head’.
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