the row of small bones that are connected together down the middle of the back 脊柱；脊椎 
A shiver went down my spine. 我背上一阵发冷 the nerves in the spine 脊椎神经
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- fractured
- cervical
- lumbar
- …
- bend
- curve
- straighten
- …
- in the/your spine
- the base of the spine
- the length of somebody’s spine
- curvature of the spine
- …
the central feature of something or the main source of its strength 书脊 These speeches form the spine of his election campaign. 这些演讲构成了他竞选活动的主干。
strength of character 脊柱： 品格的力量Their protests stiffened the spines of party activists. 他们的抗议坚定了该党积极分子的信念。 The legislature must grow a spine and demand these changes. 立法机构必须长出一根脊梁骨，要求进行这些变革。
any of the sharp, pointed parts like needles on some plants and animals （植物的）刺；（动物的）刺毛 Extra ExamplesTopics Plants and treesc2, Animalsc2Hedgehogs are covered with sharp spines. 刺猬身上长满利刺。 Once embedded in the skin, these savage spines are difficult to dislodge. 这些厉害的刺扎入了皮肤，就很难拔出来。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- sharp
- fine
- poisonous
- …
- bear
- have
the narrow part of the cover of a book that the pages are joined to 书脊
Word Originlate Middle English: shortening of Old French espine, or from Latin spina ‘thorn, prickle, backbone’.