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TOEFL BNC: 7321 COCA: 13769

penal

adjective
/ˈpiːnl/
/ˈpiːnl/
[usually before noun]
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  1. connected with or used for punishment, especially by law惩罚的；刑罚的
    • penal reforms刑罚改革
    • the penal system刑罚制度
    • Criminals could at one time be sentenced to penal servitude (= prison with hard physical work).曾经有个时期，罪犯可以被判服劳役刑。
    • a penal colony (= a place where criminals were sent as a punishment in the past)罪犯流放地
  2. that can be punished by law应受刑罚的
    • a penal offence刑事犯罪
  3. very severe严重的；严厉的
    • penal rates of interest很重的利率
    4. Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French penal, from Latin poenalis, from poena ‘pain, penalty’.

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