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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 9547 COCA: 7548
stubborn

adjective

stubborn ♦︎ obstinate ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ headstrong ♦︎ strong-willedThese words all describe a person who is determined not to change their opinion or behaviour and refuses to listen to advice. 這些詞均表示固執的、倔強的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful child◆a stubborn / an obstinate man / woman◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful refusal■ stubborn ˈstʌbən; NAmE ˈstʌbərn (often disapproving) determined not to change your opinion or attitude 固執的；執拗的；頑固的；倔強的◆He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.他太固執，不肯認錯。◆She has inherited her mother's stubborn streak.她繼承了母親的倔強性格。◆ (approving) He started out with nothing but raw talent and stubborn determination.他起初一無所有，只有天生的才能和堅定的決心。▸ stubbornly

adverb

◆She stubbornly refused to pay.她怎麽都不肯付錢。■ obstinate ˈɒbstɪnət; NAmE ˈɑːbstɪnət (usually disapproving) refusing to change your opinions or behaviour when other people try to persuade you to 執拗的；固執的；頑固的◆He can be very obstinate when he wants to.他的犟勁兒一上來，簡直執拗得要命。◆Their position remains one of obstinate denial, even in face of the new evidence.即使在新證據面前他們還是固執地持否定立場。▸ obstinately

adverb

◆She obstinately refused to consider the future.她執意拒不考慮未來。■ wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usually willful) (disapproving) determined to do what you want; not caring about what other people want 任性的；固執的；倔強的◆He was an aggressive, often selfish and wilful child.他是個好鬥的孩子，常常自私而任性。■ headstrong ˈhedstrɒŋ; NAmE >ˈhedstrɔːŋ (disapproving, especially written) determined to do things your own way and refusing to listen to advice 固執的；倔強任性的◆She is too wild and headstrong to be guided by me.她太放縱任性，根本不聽我指導。■ ˌstrong-ˈwilled (often disapproving) determined to do what you want, even if other people advise you not to 意志堅強的；堅持己見的◆She was a fiercely independent and strong-willed woman.她是個特别獨立且意志堅強的女性。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Wilful and headstrong are always disapproving terms: a wilful or headstrong person is always wrong and the people trying to oppose or advise them are always right. A strong-willed person may be right or wrong but does not listen to advice. Obstinate often suggests that sb will not change their behaviour simply in order to be difficult and cause problems for other people. Stubborn can suggest this too, but it can also be admiring or approving, as in the phrase stubborn determination. * wilful和headstrong總帶有貶義，它們所修飾的人總是錯誤的，而設法反對他們或給他們提建議的人總是正確的。strong-willed所修飾的人可對可錯，反正不聽勸告。obstinate常意味着爲了讓别人難受而拒絕改變自己的行爲。stubborn也可帶有這樣的意思，但也可有令人欽佩或贊同之意，例如在短語stubborn determination（堅定的決心）中。

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