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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch

verb
 
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they scratch
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
he / she / it scratches
/ˈskrætʃɪz/
/ˈskrætʃɪz/
past simple scratched
/skrætʃt/
/skrætʃt/
past participle scratched
/skrætʃt/
/skrætʃt/
-ing form scratching
/ˈskrætʃɪŋ/
/ˈskrætʃɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
jump to other results

    rub with your nails用指甲挠

  1.  
    [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching挠，搔（痒处）
    • scratch something John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
    • scratch (yourself) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
    • Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。
    • scratch at something She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
    Extra Examples
    • He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地挠了挠头。
    • He kept scratching at his nose.他不停地挠着鼻子。
    • He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了几下胡子。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    • …
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    • …
    See full entry
    2.

    cut skin划破皮肤

  2.  
    [transitive, intransitive] to cut or damage your skin slightly with something sharp划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）
    • scratch (somebody/something/yourself) I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿抓出了血。
    • Does the cat scratch?这只猫抓人吗？
    • scratch somebody/something/yourself on something She scratched herself on a nail.她被钉子划了一下。
    Extra Examples
    • I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花丛划伤了胳膊。
    • She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓伤了他的脸。
    • She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。
    Topics Illnessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    • …
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    • …
    See full entry
    3.

    damage surface损坏表面

  3.  
    [transitive] scratch something to damage the surface of something, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏
    • Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏家具。
    • The car's paintwork is badly scratched.车的漆面划损得很厉害。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • absently
    • lightly
    • …
    preposition
    • at
    • on
    • with
    • …
    See full entry
    4.

    make/remove mark造成／去除痕迹

  4.  
    [transitive] scratch something + adv./prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on something deliberately, by rubbing it with something hard or sharp刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹
    • They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.他们在泥地上划出一个球场。
    • Some graffiti had been scratched on the back of the door.一些涂鸦被刮到了门的背面。
    • We scratched some of the dirt away.我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
    • (figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
    5.

    make sound发出声音

  5.  
    [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make an annoying noise by rubbing something with something sharp刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声
    • His pen scratched away on the paper.他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。
    • We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.我们可以听到老鼠在墙后抓挠。
    • The dog kept scratching at the door to go out.那条狗不停地抓门，想出去。
    6.

    a living生计

  6. [transitive] scratch a living to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty勉强维持生活
    • 75% of the population scratch a living from the soil.75%的人口从土壤中谋生。
    7.

    cancel取消

  7. [transitive, intransitive] to decide that something cannot happen or somebody/something cannot take part in something, before it starts取消；撤销；退出
    • scratch somebody/something to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划
    • scratch somebody/something from something The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
    • scratch (from something) She had scratched because of a knee injury.她因膝伤退出了比赛。
    8. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
scratch your head (over something)
  1. to think hard in order to find an answer to something苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁
    • Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime.专家们一直对青少年犯罪的增加感到困惑。
scratch the surface (of something)
  1. to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒
    • We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country.我们离开时觉得我们只是触及了这个迷人国家的表面。
    • The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem.这次调查只是触及了该城市毒品问题的表面。
you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours
  1. (saying) used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others礼尚往来；私相授受

scratch

noun
 
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
Idioms
jump to other results

    mark/cut划痕；划伤

  1.  
    [countable] a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching somebody’s skin or the surface of something（皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤
    • Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
    • a scratch on the paintwork漆面上的一道划痕
    • It's only a scratch (= a very slight injury).不过是轻微的划伤。
    • without a scratch He escaped without a scratch (= was not hurt at all).他毫发未损地逃了出去。
    Extra Examples
    • I've got some nasty scratches on my legs.我腿上有些很严重的擦伤。
    • Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清洁粉会在玻璃上留下擦痕。
    Topics Illnessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • deep
    • long
    • nasty
    • …
    verb + scratch
    • have
    • get
    • leave
    • …
    scratch + noun
    • mark
    preposition
    • without a scratch
    See full entry
    2.

    sound声音

  2. [singular] the unpleasant sound of something sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声

    3. with your nails用指甲

  3. [singular] the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches挠痒；搔痒
    • Go on, have a good scratch!来吧，好好挠一挠！
    4. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
Idioms
from scratch
  1. without any previous preparation or knowledge从头开始；从零开始
    • I learned German from scratch in six months.我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
    • He built the orchestra up from scratch.他从零开始组建管弦乐队。
  2. from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier从头（做起）；从零开始
    • They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。
up to scratch
  1. as good as something/somebody should be达到要求；合乎标准 synonym satisfactory
    • His work simply isn't up to scratch.他的工作根本达不到要求。
    • It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。

scratch

adjective
/skrætʃ/
/skrætʃ/
 (British English)
jump to other results
  1. put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available仓促拼凑的
    • a scratch team一支仓促组建的队伍
  2. (especially in golf尤指高尔夫球) with no handicap无让杆的；无差点的
    • a scratch player参加无让杆比赛的球手
    Topics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2
    3. Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SCRATCH | SCRATCH + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤deep, long, nasty深深的／長長的／難看的擦痕▸➤light, little, minor, slight, small輕微劃痕；小擦痕；淺淺的擦痕◇His only injuries were some minor scratches above his eye.他僅在眼睛上方有些輕微的擦傷。➤a few, numerous幾處／無數擦痕➤cat貓的抓痕VERB + SCRATCH➤have有擦痕➤get受到擦傷➤leave, make留下擦痕◇Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清潔粉會在玻璃上留下擦痕。SCRATCH + NOUN➤mark擦痕PREPOSITION➤without a scratch毫發無損◇She emerged from the wrecked vehicle without a scratch.她安然無恙地從撞毀車輛中鑽了出來。
scratch

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤badly嚴重地刮傷◇The table had been badly scratched.桌子被刮得傷痕纍纍。➤absently (especially NAmE) 心不在焉地撓◇He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地撓了撓頭。➤lightly輕輕刮PREPOSITION➤at撓⋯◇He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了幾下鬍子。◇I could hear the dog scratching at the door.我聽見狗在撓門。➤on在⋯上劃傷◇I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花叢劃傷了胳膊。➤with用⋯抓◇She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓傷了他的臉。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch noun
⇨ injuryscratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch)scratch1

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。   see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。   see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。scratch2

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ clawThese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch / claw at sth◆to scratch / claw sth with sth◆to scratch / claw sb frantically■ scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤）◆John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。◆Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。◆She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。◆She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。◆Does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？■ claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，挠◆The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。◆She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴◆She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去，手指到处乱抓。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

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