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TOEFL BNC: 8664 COCA: 10637

refinement

noun
/rɪˈfaɪnmənt/
/rɪˈfaɪnmənt/
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  1. [countable] a small change to something that improves it（精细的）改进，改善 synonym enhancement
    • This particular model has a further refinement.这一款式又有了进一步的改进。
    • all the refinements of modern technology现代技术的所有改进
    Extra Examples
    • It is possible to add a few useful refinements to the basic system.对基本系统进行一些有益的改良是可能的。
    • a refinement in the masonry石工技艺的改进
    • to add a further refinement to the computer system对计算机系统作进一步改进
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • considerable
    • great
    • extra
    • …
    … of refinement
    • degree
    • level
    verb + refinement
    • need
    • require
    • add
    • …
    preposition
    • refinement in
    • refinement on
    • refinement to
    • …
    See full entry
  2. [countable, uncountable] a thing that is an improvement on an earlier, similar thing; the quality of being improved in this way改良品；经过改进的东西
    • refinement of something The new plan is a refinement of the one before.新计划比原计划有改进。
    • The kite was star-shaped and lacked the refinement of current designs.这只风筝是星形的，缺乏时尚的精妙设计。
    • refinement on something a refinement on previous methods对先前方法的改良
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • considerable
    • great
    • extra
    • …
    … of refinement
    • degree
    • level
    verb + refinement
    • need
    • require
    • add
    • …
    preposition
    • refinement in
    • refinement on
    • refinement to
    • …
    See full entry
  3. [uncountable] the process of improving something or of making something pure精炼；提炼；提纯
    • the refinement of industrial techniques工业技术的进一步提高
    • the refinement of uranium铀的提炼
    Extra Examples
    • the progressive refinement of their accounting technique他们的会计技术的逐步改进
    • The technology requires a great deal of refinement.还需要对技术进行很大改进。
    • a lack of refinement in engine design发动机的设计不够精细
    • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement.所有的程序都有漏洞，都需要不断改进。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • considerable
    • great
    • extra
    • …
    … of refinement
    • degree
    • level
    verb + refinement
    • need
    • require
    • add
    • …
    preposition
    • refinement in
    • refinement on
    • refinement to
    • …
    See full entry
  4. [uncountable] the quality of being polite and well educated and able to judge the quality of things; the state of having the sort of manners that are considered typical of a high social class优雅；礼貌；有教养 synonym gentility
    • a person of considerable refinement很有教养的人
    • an atmosphere of refinement优雅的气氛
    • a woman of great refinement and beauty温文尔雅又很漂亮的女子
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • great
    verb + refinement
    • lack
    preposition
    • refinement in
    phrases
    • a lack of refinement
    See full entry
    5. Word Originearly 17th cent.: from refine + -ment, influenced by French raffinement.

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