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break

verb
 
/breɪk/
/breɪk/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they break
/breɪk/
/breɪk/
he / she / it breaks
/breɪks/
/breɪks/
past simple broke
/brəʊk/
/brəʊk/
past participle broken
/ˈbrəʊkən/
/ˈbrəʊkən/
-ing form breaking
/ˈbreɪkɪŋ/
/ˈbreɪkɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
jump to other results

    in pieces破碎

  1.  
     [intransitive, transitive] to be damaged and separated into two or more parts, as a result of force; to damage something in this way（使）破，裂，碎
    • All the windows broke with the force of the blast.爆炸的巨大力量震碎了所有的窗户。
    • The bag broke under the weight of the bottles inside it.袋子被里面的瓶子压破了。
    • break in/into something She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。
    • The boat hit a rock and broke in half.船撞上了一块岩石，裂成了两半。
    • break something to break a cup/window打破杯子／窗户
    • She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她从梯子上掉下来，摔断了胳膊。
    • to break a leg/bone打断一条腿/骨头
    • break something in/into something He broke the chocolate in two.他把那块巧克力一分为二。
    Homophones brake | breakbrake   break
    /breɪk/
    /breɪk/
    • brake noun
      • The parking brake comes on by itself.驻车制动器自动启动。
    • brake verb
      • There wasn't even time for the driver to brake.司机甚至没有时间刹车。
    • break verb
      • Break the biscuits into small pieces.把饼干分成小块。
    • break noun
      • They left the office for a tea break.他们离开办公室去喝茶休息。
    Collocations InjuriesInjuries身体损伤Being injured受伤
    • have a fall/​an injury跌了一跤；受伤
    • receive/​suffer/​sustain a serious injury/​a hairline fracture/(especially British English) whiplash/​a gunshot wound受重伤／轻微骨裂／鞭伤／枪伤
    • hurt/​injure your ankle/​back/​leg伤到脚踝／背／大腿
    • damage the brain/​an ankle ligament/​your liver/​the optic nerve/​the skin损伤大脑／脚踝韧带／肝脏／视神经／皮肤
    • pull/​strain/​tear a hamstring/​ligament/​muscle/​tendon拉伤腘绳肌腱／韧带／肌肉／肌腱
    • sprain/​twist your ankle/​wrist扭伤脚踝／手腕
    • break a bone/​your collarbone/​your leg/​three ribs骨折；锁骨／大腿／三根肋骨骨折
    • fracture/​crack your skull头盖骨破裂
    • break/​chip/​knock out/​lose a tooth碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉／掉了一颗牙
    • burst/​perforate your eardrum使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
    • dislocate your finger/​hip/​jaw/​shoulder使手指／臀部／下巴／肩膀脱臼
    • bruise/​cut/​graze your arm/​knee/​shoulder擦伤／割破／擦破手臂／膝盖／肩膀
    • burn/​scald yourself/​your tongue烧伤／烫伤自己／舌头
    • bang/​bump/​hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/​head/​knee (on/​against something)（在某物上）撞到肘部／头／膝盖
    Treating injuries治疗伤病
    • treat somebody for burns/​a head injury/​a stab wound给某人治疗烧伤／头部伤／刺伤
    • examine/​clean/​dress/​bandage/​treat a bullet wound检查／清洗／包扎／用绷带包扎／治疗枪伤
    • repair a damaged/​torn ligament/​tendon/​cartilage修复损伤的／拉伤的韧带／肌腱／软骨
    • amputate/​cut off an arm/​a finger/​a foot/​a leg/​a limb截去一只胳膊／一根手指／一只脚／一条腿；截肢
    • put on/ (formal) apply/​take off (especially North American English) a Band-Aid™/(British English) a plaster/​a bandage贴上／使用／撕掉创可贴；缠上／使用／解掉绷带
    • need/​require/​put in/ (especially British English) have (out)/ (North American English) get (out) stitches需要缝针；缝针；拆线
    • put on/​rub on/ (formal) apply cream/​ointment/​lotion涂抹护肤霜／药膏／护肤液
    • have/​receive/​undergo (British English) physiotherapy/(North American English) physical therapy接受物理疗法
    Extra Examples
    • The glass broke into hundreds of pieces.玻璃摔得粉碎。
    • How did this dish get broken?这个盘子是怎么打破的？
    • I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。
    • She broke the bar in two and gave a piece to me.她把糖块掰成两半给了我一块。
    2.

    stop working停止运转

  2.  
     [intransitive, transitive] to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage something and stop it from working弄坏；损坏；坏掉
    • My watch has broken.我的表坏了。
    • break something I think I've broken the washing machine.我可能把洗衣机弄坏了。
    Topics Engineeringa1

    3. skin皮肤

  3. [transitive] break the skin to cut the surface of the skin and make it bleed弄破；使流血
    • The dog bit me but didn't break the skin.那条狗咬了我，但没咬破皮肤。
    Topics Illnessb1

    4. law/promise法律；承诺

  4.  
     [transitive] break something to do something that is against the law; to not keep a promise, etc.违犯；背弃
    • I had broken the law and deserved to be punished.我违反了法律，应该受到惩罚。
    • People should not be allowed to break the rules.人们不应该被允许违反规则。
    • to break a promise违背诺言
    • to break an agreement/a contract/your word违反协议/合同/你的诺言
    • to break an appointment (= not to come to it)失约
    • He was breaking the speed limit (= travelling faster than the law allows).他违章超速驾驶。
    Extra Examples
    • They insist that they have not broken any rules.他们坚持说他们没有违反任何规章。
    • Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你愿意为达到目的而违反法律吗？
    • She had broken the conditions of her bail.她违反了保释条件。
    • She has already broken three appointments.她已经3次爽约。
    • Some companies have broken sanctions by supplying arms to the warring states.有些公司违反制裁规定向交战国提供武器。
    • I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我从未食言过，为什么现在要这么做？
    • Perhaps it is more courageous to break a promise if it means saving the economy.如果违背承诺意味着拯救经济，也许更有勇气。
    Topics Crime and punishmentb1

    5. stop for short time暂停

  5. [intransitive, transitive] to stop doing something for a while, especially when it is time to eat or have a drink稍停；暂停
    • break for something Let's break for lunch.我们休息一会儿，吃午饭。
    • Parliament breaks for recess next week.议会下周休会。
    • We broke early and went for a drink.我们很早就分手了，去喝了一杯。
    • break something Their sleep was broken by noise from the street. 他们的睡眠被街上的噪音打破了。
    • (especially British English) We broke our journey in Oxford (= stopped in Oxford on the way to the place we were going to).我们途中在牛津停留了一下。
    6.

    end something中断

  6. [transitive] break something to interrupt something so that it ends suddenly打断；中断
    • She broke the silence by coughing.她的咳嗽声打破了寂静。
    • A tree broke his fall (= stopped him as he was falling).他坠落时一棵树挡住了他。
    • The phone rang and broke my train of thought.电话铃响起来，打断了我的思路。
    • Someone laughed suddenly and the spell was broken.突然有人笑了，咒语破了。
  7. [transitive] break something to make something end by using force or strong action强行终止；破坏
    • an attempt to break the year-long siege试图冲破长达一年的围困
    • Management has not succeeded in breaking the strike.资方未能使罢工终止。
  8. [transitive] break something to end a connection with something or a relationship with somebody终止，断绝（关系、联系）
    • He broke all ties with his parents.他断绝了与父母的一切关系。
    9.

    escape逃跑

  9. [intransitive] break free (from somebody/something) (of a person or an object人或物体) to manage to get away from or out of a position in which they have been caught逃脱；挣脱
    • He finally managed to break free from his attacker.他终于设法逃脱了袭击他的人。
    10.

    destroy, be destroyed毁坏；被毁坏

  10. [transitive, intransitive] break (somebody/something) to destroy something or make somebody/something weaker; to become weak or be destroyed（被）摧毁，削弱
    • to break somebody’s morale/resistance/resolve/spirit瓦解某人的士气／抵抗／决心／精神
    • The government was determined to break the power of the trade unions.政府决心削弱工会的力量。
    • The scandal broke him (= ruined his reputation and destroyed his confidence).这桩丑闻把他毁了。
    • She broke under questioning (= was no longer able to bear it) and confessed to everything.她经不住盘问，招认了一切。
    11.

    in tennis网球

  11. [transitive] break somebody's serve to win a game in which it is your opponent's turn to serve (= hit the ball across the net first)破发
    • Williams broke her opponent's serve five times.威廉姆斯五次破了对手的发球局。
    12.

    make somebody feel bad使难过

  12. [transitive] break somebody to make somebody feel so sad, lonely, etc. that they cannot live a normal life使心碎；使十分悲伤；使孤寂
    • The death of his wife broke him completely.妻子的死使他悲痛欲绝。
    Topics Feelingsc2

    13. of weather天气

  13. [intransitive] to change suddenly, usually after a period when it has been fine（常指好天气）突变
    • On the third day the weather broke and they had a violent storm.第三天天气变坏了，他们遇到了一场猛烈的暴风雨。
    14.

    of clouds

  14. [intransitive] to show an opening露出缝隙；散开
    • The clouds broke and the sun came out.云开日出。
    15.

    surface物体表面

  15. break the surface to come up through the surface of water in the sea, a pool, etc.弄破；使流血
    • When his head broke the surface he took in deep gulps of air.当他的头露出水面时，他深深地吸了一口气。
    16.

    of day/dawn/storm白天；黎明；风暴

  16. [intransitive] when the day or dawn or a storm breaks, it begins开始；（风暴）发作
    • Dawn was breaking when they finally left.他们终于离开时正是破晓时分。
    see also daybreakTopics Weatherc1

    17. of news消息

  17. [intransitive] if a piece of news breaks, it becomes known透露；传开
    • There was a public outcry when the scandal broke.丑闻一传开，舆论一片哗然。
    • breaking news (= news that is arriving about events that have just happened)突发性新闻
  18. [transitive] break it/the news to somebody to be the first to tell somebody some bad news（第一个将坏消息向某人）公布，透露，说出
    • Who's going to break it to her?由谁来把这事告诉她呢？
    • I'm sorry to be the one to break the news to you.我很难过，这消息得由我来告诉你。
    • Just break the news to her gently.就把这个消息委婉地告诉她吧。
    19.

    of voice嗓音

  19. [intransitive] if somebody’s voice breaks, it changes its tone because of emotion（因激动）变调
    • Her voice broke as she told us the dreadful news.她告诉我们这可怕的消息时，声音都变了。
  20. [intransitive] when a boy’s voice breaks, it becomes permanently deeper at about the age of 13 or 14（指男孩在 13 或 14 岁时嗓音）变粗，变低Topics Life stagesc2

    21. a record纪录

  21. [transitive] break a record to do something better, faster, etc. than anyone has ever done it before打破（纪录）
    • She had broken the world 100 metres record.她打破了 100 米世界纪录。
    • The movie broke all box-office records.这部影片打破了所有的票房纪录。
    22.

    of waves波浪

  22. [intransitive] when waves break, they fall and are dissolved into foam, usually near land拍岸；迸溅
    • the sound of waves breaking on the beach浪涛拍岸的声音
    • The sea was breaking over the wrecked ship.海浪冲刷着破船的残骸。
    23.

    something secret秘密

  23. [transitive] break a code/cipher to find the meaning of something secret破译；破解
    • to break a code破译密码
    24.

    money钱

  24. [transitive] break something (especially North American English) to change a banknote for coins把…换成零钱；找开
    • Can you break a twenty-dollar bill?可以给我找开二十美元的钞票吗？
    25. Word OriginOld English brecan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch breken and German brechen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin frangere ‘to break’.
Idioms Idioms containing break are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example break somebody’s heart is at heart. 

break

noun
 
/breɪk/
/breɪk/
Idioms
jump to other results

    short stop

  1.  
     [countable] a short period of time when you stop what you are doing and rest, eat, etc.间歇；休息
    • She was on her lunch break.她正在午休。
    • a coffee/tea break喝咖啡/喝茶的时间
    • Let's take a break.咱们休息会儿吧。
    • break for something a break for lunch午餐休息
    • a bathroom break (= a short period when somebody stops what they are doing to use the toilet)洗手间休息时间
    • She worked all day without a break.她接连工作了一整天。
    see also comfort break
    Homophones brake | breakbrake   break
    /breɪk/
    /breɪk/
    • brake noun
      • The parking brake comes on by itself.驻车制动器自动启动。
    • brake verb
      • There wasn't even time for the driver to brake.司机甚至没有时间刹车。
    • break verb
      • Break the biscuits into small pieces.把饼干分成小块。
    • break noun
      • They left the office for a tea break.他们离开办公室去喝茶休息。
    Synonyms restrest
    • break
    • respite
    • time out
    • breathing space
    These are all words for a short period of time spent relaxing.
    • rest a period of relaxing, sleeping or doing nothing after a period of activity:
      • We stopped for a well-earned rest.我们停下来作个应有的休息。
    • break a short period of time when you stop what you are doing and rest or eat:
      • Let’s take a break.咱们休息会儿吧。
      In British English break is a period of time between lessons at school. The North American English word is recess.
    • respite a short break from something difficult or unpleasant:
      • The drug brought a brief respite from the pain.药物暂时缓解了疼痛。
    • time out (especially North American English, informal) time for resting or relaxing away from your usual work or studies:
      • Take time out to relax by the pool.去游泳池边歇一歇吧。
    • breathing space a short rest in the middle of a period of mental or physical effort:
      • This delay gives the party a breathing space in which to sort out its policies.这一延误使该党有了喘息之机来厘定其政策。
    Patterns
    • (a) rest/​break/​respite/​time out from something
    • to have/​take (a) rest/​break/​time out
    • to give somebody (a) rest/​break/​respite/​breathing space
    Extra Examples
    • I had a word with John during the break.中间休息时我和约翰说了几句话。
    • We have a 15-minute break in the morning.我们上午有 15 分钟的休息时间。
    • We'll take a break now and resume in an hour.现在休息一下，一小时后再开始。
    Topics Working lifea1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • little
    • quick
    • short
    • …
    verb + break
    • have
    • take
    • need
    • …
    break + noun
    • time
    preposition
    • at break
    • during (a/​the) break
    • without a break
    • …
    See full entry
  2. (also break time)
     (both British English)
    (North American English recess)
    [uncountable] a period of time between lessons at school课间休息
    • Come and see me at break.课间休息时来见我。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • little
    • quick
    • short
    • …
    verb + break
    • have
    • take
    • need
    • …
    break + noun
    • time
    preposition
    • at break
    • during (a/​the) break
    • without a break
    • …
    See full entry
  3.  
     [countable] a period of time when something stops before starting again间断；暂停
    • Employees can take a career break of up to one year.员工可以休假长达一年。
    • break in something a break in my daily routine我日常生活中的一段小插曲
    • break from something He is having a break from his successful television show. 他正从他成功的电视节目中休息一下。
    • break from doing something I need a break from caring for the children.我需要停止照顾孩子。
    • the summer/winter break暑假/寒假
    • (especially British English) the Christmas/Easter break (= the period at Christmas/Easter when most people do not work)圣诞节/复活节假期
    Extra Examples
    • I need a break from mental activity.我需要让大脑休息一下。
    • Everyone needs a break, a change from day-to-day routine.每个人都需要休息，从每天的例行公事中解脱出来。
    • The team have been taking a break in Spain.该队一直在西班牙休息。
    • Have you got any plans for the Easter break?复活节假期你有什么打算吗？
    see also spring break
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • little
    • quick
    • short
    • …
    verb + break
    • have
    • take
    • need
    • …
    break + noun
    • time
    preposition
    • at break
    • during (a/​the) break
    • without a break
    • …
    See full entry
  4.  
    (also commercial break)
    [countable] a short period of time when a television or radio show stops for advertisements（电视或电台节目的）插播广告的间隙
    • More news after the break.广告后继续报道新闻。
    • Most viewers tend to skip through the ad breaks.大多数观众倾向于跳过广告插播。
    Topics TV, radio and newsb1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • clean
    • complete
    • sharp
    • …
    verb + break
    • make
    preposition
    • break from
    • break in
    • break with
    • …
    See full entry
    5.

    holiday/vacation假期

  5.  
     [countable] a short holiday短期休假
    • We had a weekend break in New York.我们在纽约度过了一个周末假日。
    • a well-earned break应得的休假
    • a two/three-night break两/三夜的休息
    Wordfinder
    Extra Examples
    • Choose from our range of city breaks.请选择我们的城市短游系列中的项目。
    • It's a great city for a weekend break.这个城市非常适合度周末。
    • I'd like to take her on a mini-break.我想带她去小休。
    • The prize is a three-night break in Paris.大奖是巴黎的三天住宿券。
    • Spend the weekend at a spa for a really relaxing break.周末去水疗中心放松一下。
    Topics Holidaysb1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • little
    • quick
    • short
    • …
    verb + break
    • have
    • take
    • need
    • …
    break + noun
    • time
    preposition
    • at break
    • during (a/​the) break
    • without a break
    • …
    See full entry
    6.

    change in situation状况改变

  6. [singular] the moment when a situation or a relationship that has existed for a time changes, ends or is interrupted（持续一段时间的状况或关系的）改变，终止，中断
    • I wanted to leave but was nervous about making the break.我想离开，但是一想到要改变又觉得不安。
    • break with somebody/something He needed to make a complete break with the past.他得与过去彻底告别。
    • a break with tradition (= a change from what is accepted, in something such as art, behaviour, etc.)与旧传统决裂（背离公认的艺术、行为、道德等准则）。
    • break in something a break in the weather (= a change from one type of weather to a different one)天气的转变
    • a break in diplomatic relations外交关系的中断
    • break from something This event represents a real break from tradition.这一事件代表着与传统的真正决裂。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • clean
    • complete
    • sharp
    • …
    verb + break
    • make
    preposition
    • break from
    • break in
    • break with
    • …
    See full entry
    7.

    opening/space缝隙；空间

  7. [countable] break (in something) a space or an opening between two or more things间隔；缝隙
    • We could see the moon through a break in the clouds.我们能从云缝里看到月亮。
    • Wait for a break in the traffic before crossing the road.要等到暂无车辆来往时，再过马路。
    • The track bends left through a break in the hedge.树篱上有一个缺口, 小路由此拐向左
    8.

    opportunity机遇

  8. [countable] (informal) an opportunity to do something, usually to get something that you want or to achieve success机会；机遇
    • I got my lucky break when I won a ‘Young Journalist of the Year’ competition.我时来运转，在 “年度最佳青年记者” 竞赛中取胜。
    • We've had a few bad breaks (= pieces of bad luck) along the way.我们一路上遭遇了几次厄运。
    • If you just give me a break, you won’t regret it.你就饶了我吧，不会后悔的。
    • He's the director who gave her her first big break.他是第一个给她大好机会的导演。
    • It's often difficult for talented newcomers to get the break they deserve.有才华的新人通常很难得到他们应得的休息。
    Topics Successc2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • big
    • lucky
    verb + break
    • get
    • give somebody
    See full entry
    9.

    of bone骨骼

  9. [countable] a place where something, especially a bone in your body, has broken破裂；骨折
    • The X-ray showed there was no break in his leg.X 光照片显示他的腿没有骨折。
    Topics Illnessb1

    10. in tennis网球

  10. (also break of serve)
     [countable] a win in a game in which your opponent is serving破发
    • It was her second break in the set.这是本盘比赛中她第二次破掉对手的发球局。
    see also break pointTopics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2

    11. in billiards/snooker台球；斯诺克

  11. [countable] a series of successful shots by one player; the number of points scored in a series of successful shots单杆；单杆得分
    • He's put together a magnificent break.他这杆球打得很不错。
    • a 147 break (= the highest possible break in snooker)单杆 147 分（斯诺克中的单杆最高得分）
    • The champion began with breaks of 74 and 58.冠军以74分和58分的成绩开始。
    Topics Sports: other sportsc2
    12. see also fast break
    Word OriginOld English brecan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch breken and German brechen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin frangere ‘to break’.
Idioms
break of day/dawn
  1. (literary) the moment in the early hours of the morning when it begins to get light破晓；黎明
a clean break
  1. a complete end to any connection with a person, an organization, a way of life, etc.（与人、组织、生活方式等的）彻底决裂
    • She wanted to make a clean break with the past.她想与过去完全断绝。
  2. a break in a bone in one place一处骨折
give somebody a break
  1. (informal) to give somebody a chance; to not judge somebody too severely给某人一次机会；不苛求某人
    • Give the lad a break—it's only his second day on the job.别苛求这小伙子，他上工才第二天。
give me a break!
  1. (informal) used when somebody wants somebody else to stop doing or saying something that is annoying, or to stop saying something that is not true别烦我了；别胡说了
make a break for something/for it
  1. to run towards something in order to try and escape向某处逃窜；试图逃跑
    • He suddenly leapt up and made a break for the door.他突然一跃而起，向门口逃窜。
    • They decided to make a break for it (= to try and escape) that night.他们决定那天晚上逃跑。
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break

noun¹

 1short rest; short holiday/vacation短暫休息；短期休假ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK | BREAK + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤little, quick, short小憩；短暫的休息▸➤coffee, dinner, lunch, tea (BrE) 工間喝咖啡／用餐／午餐／茶點休息時間▸➤Christmas, Easter, holiday聖誕節假期；復活節假期；短假◇Are you going away for the Easter break?你要出去度復活節假期嗎？➤spring, summer, winter春假；暑假；寒假➤weekend (especially BrE) 週末休息◇I won a weekend break in Paris.我爭取到了一個週末去巴黎度假的機會。➤10-minute, two-week, etc. * 10 分鐘的休息時間、兩週的假期等◇We have a 15-minute break in the morning.我們上午有 15 分鐘的休息時間。VERB + BREAK➤have, take休息一會兒◇We'll take a break now and resume in an hour.現在休息一下，一小時後再開始。➤need, want需要小憩➤deserve應該得到休息➤enjoy享受假期BREAK + NOUN➤time (= between lessons at school) (BrE) 課間休息時間PREPOSITION➤at break (BrE) 在休息時◇I'll see you at break.我們休息時見。➤during (a/the) break在休息期間◇I had a word with John during the break.中間休息時我和約翰說了幾句話。➤without a break不間斷地◇We worked all day without a break.我們不間斷地工作了一整天。➤break for⋯休息時間◇a break for lunch午餐休息時間➤break from擺脫⋯的時間◇a break from caring for the children不用照看孩子的空閒時間
break

noun²

 2change/interruption in sth改變；中斷ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤clean, complete, sharp徹底斷絕關係；完全決裂；突然中斷▸➤career（因照顧小孩而）暫時停止工作▸➤commercial (especially NAmE) 插播廣告時間➤nice, welcome (especially BrE) 討人喜歡的／受歡迎的中斷VERB + BREAK➤make中斷；作出改變◇His new work makes a break with the past.他的新工作使他告別了過去。◇I wanted to leave but was nervous about making the break.我想離開，但是一想到要改變又覺得不安。PREPOSITION➤break from與⋯決裂◇a break from tradition突破傳統➤break in⋯的轉變◇a break in the weather天氣變化➤break with與⋯斷絕關係
break

noun³

 3opportunity機遇ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK ADJECTIVE➤big, lucky好運VERB + BREAK➤get得到⋯的機會◇I always knew I would get my lucky break one day.我一直知道總有一天我會交好運的。➤give sb給某人機會◇He's the director who gave her her first big break.他是第一個給她大好機會的導演。
break

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤easily容易破碎▸➤in half, in two碎成兩塊◇She broke the bar in two and gave a piece to me.她把糖塊掰成兩半給了我一塊。➤apart, up斷開◇She broke the chocolate up into small pieces.她把巧克力弄成小塊。PREPOSITION➤into破成◇The glass broke into hundreds of pieces.玻璃摔得粉碎。
break

verb

 ●break down1. fail失敗ADVERB➤completely, irretrievably徹底失敗；不可挽回地破裂◇Their marriage had broken down irretrievably.他們的婚姻已破裂，不可挽回。➤eventually最終失敗2. start crying哭起來PHRASES➤break down and cry, break down in tears控制不住感情哭起來；失聲哭泣◇She broke down in tears as she spoke to reporters.她向記者訴說時，忍不住哭了起來。●break offADVERB➤abruptly, immediately突然／立即停住◇He broke off abruptly when Jo walked in.喬走進來時，他突然停住不說了。PREPOSITION➤from停止⋯◇She broke off from the conversation to answer the telephone.她停止交談去接電話。
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break noun
⇨ holiday 1 (Spring Break) ⇨ holiday 2 (a weekend break) ⇨ opportunity (a lucky break) ⇨ pause (a break in your routine) ⇨ rest 2 (a lunch break)break verb
⇨ break 1 (break a window/leg) ⇨ break 2 (a machine breaks) ⇨ break 3 (break the law) ⇨ break 4 (break a promise) ⇨ convey (break the news to sb)break1

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿a machine breaks 机器坏了break the law 违反法律break a promise 违背诺言  ➡ See also the entry for smash 另见smash条break ♦︎ crack ♦︎ fracture ♦︎ snapThese words all refer to sth being damaged as a result of force, usually so that it separates into two or more parts. 这些词均表示打破、破裂、断裂。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / crack / fracture a bone / rib◆to break / fracture your hip / jaw / wrist◆to crack / fracture your skull◆to break / crack a / an cup / egg / mirror◆a branch / cable / rope breaks / snaps◆a broken / cracked / fractured pipe■ break (broke, broken) [intransitive, transitive] to damage sth or be damaged so that it separates into two or more parts, as a result of force （使）破，裂，碎◆She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。◆She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她从梯子上掉下来，摔断了胳膊。◆I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。◆He broke the chocolate in two and gave me half.他把那块巧克力一分为二，给了我一半。◆How did this dish get broken?这只盘子是怎么打破的？▸ breakage ˈbreɪkɪdʒ

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。◆Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好，以免破损。■ crack [intransitive, transitive](of sth hard) to break so that lines appear in it, but without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way （使硬物）破裂，裂开，断裂◆The ice cracked as I stepped on it.我一踩冰就裂了。◆The leather / mud / paint / plaster had cracked.皮革／泥／油漆／灰泥已开裂。◆He has cracked a bone in his arm.他的手臂有一处骨裂。◆Her lips were dry and cracked.她的嘴唇干裂了。ⓘ Less frequently, to crack can involve breaking into separate parts, if it is used with a preposition. * crack与介词连用可表示打碎，此义较少用◆She cracked an egg into the pan.她往锅里打了一个鸡蛋。   see also crack ⇨ crack noun ■ fracture ˈfræktʃə(r) [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to break or crack; to make sth break or crack （使）断裂，折断，破裂◆Cast iron is not only heavy, but likely to fracture.铸铁不仅重，还有可能断裂。◆A gas escape from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the explosion.可能是从破裂的管道里泄露的煤气引发了爆炸。◆He fell and fractured his skull.他跌倒摔裂了颅骨。▸ fracture

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆She sustained two fractures to her leg.她的一条腿有两处骨折。◆Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.地层移动可能导致管道破裂。NOTE 辨析 Break, crack or fracture?Any of these verbs can be used for bones; break or fracture but not crack can be used for joints. 这些动词均可指骨折或骨裂。break和fracture可指关节部位的骨折，但crack不能◆He cracked his hip/jaw/wrist. Only break can be used for arms and legs. 只有break可指手臂和腿骨折◆She cracked/fractured her arm/leg. Fracture is the usual verb for talking about skulls (= the bone structure in the head); you can also use crack, but not break. 颅骨开裂通常用fracture，也可用crack，但不用break◆He fell and broke his skull. ■ snap (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break sth in this way （使喀嚓）断裂，绷断◆Suddenly the rope snapped.绳子突然啪地绷断了。◆The wind had snapped the tree in two.风把树喀嚓一声刮断了。break2

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿a machine breaks 机器坏了break the law 违反法律break a promise 违背诺言break ♦︎ fail ♦︎ break down ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go downThese are all words that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 这些词均表示机器出故障、失灵。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a video / watch breaks / goes wrong◆a washing machine breaks down / goes wrong◆an engine fails / breaks down◆a computer goes wrong / crashes◆a system fails / crashes / goes down■ break (broke, broken) [intransitive, transitive](of a device or small machine) to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage a device or small machine and stop it from working （装置或小型机器）损坏，坏掉；弄坏◆My watch has broken.我的表坏了。◆I think I've broken the video.我可能把录像机弄坏了。■ fail [intransitive](of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working （系统、机器或系统的一部分）出故障，失灵；（身体部位）出毛病◆The air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空调系统在一年里最热的那天瘫痪了。◆The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行车下山途中车闸失灵了。▸ failure

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心脏／肾衰竭的病人◆A power failure plunged everything into darkness.停电使一切陷入黑暗。■ ˌbreak ˈdown

phrasal verb

(broke, broken)(of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault （机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉◆The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣机又坏了。◆We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。▸ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn

noun

◆a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛锚■ ˌgo ˈwrong

idiom

(goes, went, gone)to stop working correctly 发生故障；出毛病◆My watch keeps going wrong.我的手表老是出毛病。◆The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新电视机出故障的部件会更少。ⓘ Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong; whole vehicles cannot. * go wrong指机器、装置或机器和车辆的零部件出毛病，车辆整体发生故障不能用go wrong◆The car has gone wrong again. If sth goes wrong, it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down. * go wrong所指的故障未必使事物完全停止运转，break或break down则指彻底坏掉。 ■ crash [intransitive, transitive](of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly; to make a computer or computer system stop working suddenly （使计算机或计算机系统）崩溃◆Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。▸ crash

noun

 [countable] ◆A systems crash in the morning and a bomb scare in the afternoon provided enough excitement.上午的计算机系统崩溃和下午的炸弹恐吓让人受够了刺激。■ ˌgo ˈdown

phrasal verb

(goes, went, gone) [intransitive](of a computer system) to stop working temporarily （计算机系统）暂停运行◆The system is going down in ten minutes.系统十分钟后要暂停运行。NOTE 辨析 Crash or go down?Individual computers or whole systems can crash and this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down, it may have been turned off deliberately to prevent people from using it while work is carried out on it. * crash指单个计算机或整个系统意外地突然崩溃；go down指系统或许被故意关闭，以阻止执行工作时有人使用。break3

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿a machine breaks 机器坏了break the law 违反法律break a promise 违背诺言break ♦︎ breach ♦︎ infringe ♦︎ violateThese words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle. 这些词均表示违反法律、协议或原则。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / breach / infringe a regulation◆to break / breach / violate a rule / law / treaty◆to break / infringe / violate a code◆to break / violate a ceasefire / truce◆to breach / infringe / violate copyright◆to breach / infringe / violate Article 12 of the treaty■ break [transitive] to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement 违反（法律、规定或协议）◆to break an agreement / a contract违反协议／合同◆Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你愿意为达到目的而违反法律吗？◆They insist that they have not broken any rules.他们坚持说他们没有违反任何规章。◆He was breaking the speed limit (= driving faster than the law allows).他违章超速行驶。OPP obey ⇨ follow 3 ■ breach briːtʃ [transitive] (formal) to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law 违背；违反；违犯◆The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.政府被控违反条约中的规定。OPP comply ⇨ follow 3 ▸ breach

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆a breach of contract / copyright / warranty违约；侵犯版权；违反保证◆This action is in breach of Article 119 of the Constitution.该行为触犯了宪法第119条。NOTE 辨析 Break or breach? Breach is more formal. You can breach a particular rule, but you would break 'the law' in general. 与break相比，breach较正式。特指违反某一规章可用breach，泛指违法则用break◆areas where EU limits were breached违反欧盟限制的地区◆They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. People break laws. Either people or actions can breach rules. 表示人违法用break laws，人或行为违背规章均可用breach rules。 ■ infringe ɪnˈfrɪndʒ [transitive, intransitive] (formal) (of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights （行动或计划）违法；侵犯，侵害（合法权益）◆The material can be copied without infringing copyright.这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。◆They said that compulsory identity cards would infringe civil liberties.他们说强制办理身份证会侵犯公民自由。◆She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.她拒绝回答侵犯她隐私的问题。▸ infringement

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆copyright infringement对版权的侵犯◆an infringement of his personal liberty对他的人身自由的侵犯■ violate ˈvaɪəleɪt [transitive] (formal) to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy 违反，违犯，违背（法律、原则或协议）；搅扰；侵犯（隐私）◆The directive violates fundamental human rights.该指令违反基本人权。◆She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.她指责新闻摄影记者侵犯了她的隐私。OPP respect ⇨ follow 3   see also invade ⇨ interfere ▸ violation

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆gross violations of human rights对人权的粗暴践踏◆They were in open violation of the treaty.他们公然违反条约。NOTE 辨析 Infringe or violate? Violate often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong. Infringe can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as violate, which is more about universal human rights. * violate所描述的行为常常不仅是非法的，还是不道德的。infringe可以指侵犯个人权利，但不如violate强烈，violate更多指侵犯普世人权。break4

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿a machine breaks 机器坏了break the law 违反法律break a promise 违背诺言break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sthThese words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 这些词均表示改变、撤回原先的声明、观点或承诺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / withdraw / go back on a promise◆to break / go back on your word / an agreement◆to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession■ break [transitive] to not keep a promise or agreement 违背（诺言或协议）◆I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我从未食言过，为什么现在要这么做？◆She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them).她已经爽约三次了。OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː(withdrew, withdrawn) [transitive] (formal) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤销（说过的话）◆The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.这家报纸第二天收回了那些说法。■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行为上）作出（令人尴尬的）彻底转变◆The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在欧洲政策上也许再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大转变。ⓘ Do a U-turn is most often found in contexts relating to politics and business. Because doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to. * do a U-turn最常出现在与政治和商业相关的语境里。由于do a U-turn被视作令人尴尬的做法，故通常与have to、be forced to等动词连用。   see also U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract rɪˈtrækt [transitive] (formal) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤销，收回（说过的话）◆He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供词，后来又翻供。  see also retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 Withdraw or retract?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤销声明／说法／供词However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不过，某人被迫说了本意不想说的话（如假供词），但希望能说出真实的看法时较常用retract；某人作出了针对他人未经证实的断言或指控，被迫承认所言非实时较常用withdraw。 ■ recant rɪˈkænt [transitive, intransitive] (formal) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指旧时）公开宣布放弃（原先的信仰或观点）◆In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公开宣布放弃地球围绕太阳运转的断言。■ ˌtake sth ˈback

phrasal verb

(took, taken) (rather informal, especially spoken) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（说过的不当的话）◆OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我说过的话统统收回！ⓘ Take sth back is most often used in spoken expressions such as Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back. * take sth back最常用于口语表达，如Would you like to take that back?（你愿意收回那句话吗？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句话吗？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我说过的话（统统）收回。）■ backtrack ˈbæktræk [intransitive] (especially business 尤用于商业 or politics 政治) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈于压力而）改变声明（或主张），出尔反尔；退缩◆The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工会不得不改变了主要的诉求。■ ˌgo ˈback on sth

phrasal verb

(goes, sent, gone) (rather informal) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 违背承诺；食言；改变主意◆They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他们无意背弃他们作出的任何承诺。
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break
To break: break, fall apart, shatter...
To injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...
To make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...
To stop working (of a piece of equipment): break down, go off, shut off...
To fail to obey a rule, law or command: cross a line, break, defy...
To not keep a promise: break, go back on, renege...
To make someone feel disappointed or less hopeful: disappoint, let down, discourage...
To lose hope, or to give up hope: give up on, despair, darken...
To be, or to become known: come out, get around, leak out...
To publish something, or to be published: self-publish, publish, print...
To broadcast or be broadcast on television or radio: broadcast, report, give out...
To tell someone something, or to give information: tell, deliver, report...
To stop doing something: stop, break off, give up...
To stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...
To end a friendship or relationship: defriend, unfriend, break off...
To make a sound: sound, tap out, let out...
To bring an end to something: end, wind up, round off...
The coming of night and day: break, close in, night falls...
What storms can do: blow itself out, blow over, blow up...
Changes in the weather: break, break through, brighten up...
What voices can do: break, choke, crack...
What liquids can do: break, burst, cast up...
Codes and codification: alphanumeric, break, CAPTCHA...
To get better after an illness: recovery, survive, recover...
General words for rest and relaxation: relaxation, comfort, breathing space...
Time off from work: absenteeism, break, career break...
Types of holiday: activity holiday, adventure holiday, babymoon...
The school or university day: after-school, assembly, break...
Parts of television and radio programmes: action replay, break, clip...
Specific periods of time in a game or match: break, extra time, first half...
Pauses, intervals and halts: pause, interval, halt...
Space and amounts of space: accommodation, air pocket, break...
Signs of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight...
Describing or relating to bones and joints: a clean break, arthritic, break...
Opportunities: opportunity, chance, choice...
Tone or quality of voice: break, cadence, croak...
Tennis: ace, advantage, bagel...
Snooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...

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