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IELTS BNC: 446 COCA: 906
management noun
⇨ management (under new management) ⇨ government 2 (management techniques) management

noun

management ♦︎ leadership ♦︎ executive ♦︎ administration ♦︎ captaincy ♦︎ directorate ♦︎ directorship ♦︎ headshipThese are all words for a person or group of people who run a business, team, or other organization, or the period of time for which they run it. 这些词均表示公司、团队或机构的管理者、领导层或其任期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under the management / leadership / captaincy / directorship / headship of sb◆the new / current / existing management / leadership / executive / administration◆the central management / leadership / executive / administration / directorate◆the local management / leadership / executive / administration◆the national leadership / executive / administration / directorate◆the college / hospital management / administration◆the party / union leadership / executive■ management [uncountable + singular or plural verb, countable] the people who run a business or other organization 经营者；管理层；资方◆Union leaders are seeking talks with management over the proposed layoffs.工会领导人正在就拟议中的裁员问题寻求同资方谈判。◆It is a one-day workshop for senior and middle management.这是为中高级管理人员举办的为期一天的研讨班。◆The store is now under new management.这家商店现由新的经营者管理。◆Most managements are keen to avoid strikes.大多数经营者都很希望避免发生罢工。  see also management ⇨ government 2 , manage ⇨ run 2 ■ leadership [countable + singular or plural verb] the people who control or run an organization, political party or country （机构、政党或国家的）领导班子，领导层◆The party leadership is divided.该党领导层意见不合。◆There have been disagreements within the leadership of the union.工会领导层发生了意见分歧。ⓘ When it is used to talk about the people who run a country, leadership usually refers to governments that are not elected or are not considered to be democratic. 指管理国家的领导班子时，leadership通常指非经选举产生的或被视为不民主的政府◆East German / military leadership东德政府；军政府◆the British/Australian/Indian leadership   see also regime ⇨ government 1 ■ executive ɪgˈzekjətɪv [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who run a business or other organization （公司或机构的）行政领导，领导层◆She is a member of the party's national executive.她是该党国家级领导层的一员。◆She was on the executive of the Women's Social and Political Union.她曾是妇女社会政治同盟领导层的成员。ⓘ In American English executive is mostly used before another noun. 在美式英语中，executive多数用在另一名词前◆There are still too few women in top executive positions.任最高层主管的女性依然太少。◆the executive board / committee执行董事会／委员会   see also executive ⇨ executive ■ administration [countable] the people who run a service, business or organization （服务性企业、公司或机构的）管理部门，行政部门◆The prison administration is working hard to improve the service.监狱管理部门正努力改善服务。◆He has been in dispute with the New Zealand cricket administration.他与新西兰板球管理部门发生了纠纷。  see also administer ⇨ run 2 , administrator ⇨ organizer NOTE 辨析 Management, executive or administration?The management of a company can include a much larger group of people than the executive. There are different levels of management including top, senior, middle and junior management, although management used alone often refers just to top or senior management. The executive of a company is just the top management, especially members of the executive board who all meet together as a group to discuss the management of the company. Executive is also used to refer to the group of people who lead an organization such as a political party or trade union, especially when they are elected, not appointed. Administration is used especially to refer to the people who run an institution that provides a service or organizes an activity. 公司的management所包含的人数较executive多很多。有不同层次的管理人员(levels of management)，可说top/senior/middle/junior management（最高管理层；高层／中层／基层管理人员）。但management单独使用时常仅指最高层或高层管理者。executive仅指公司的最高管理层，尤指executive board（执行董事会）的成员，这些成员全体开会讨论公司的经营管理。executive亦可指政党或工会之类的组织的领导层，尤指经选举产生而非任命的行政领导。administration尤指提供公共服务或组织活动的机构的管理部门◆the school / college / university / prison / hospital administration学校／学院／大学／监狱／医院的行政部门 ■ captaincy ˈkæptənsi [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the position of captain of a team; the period during which sb is captain 队长职位；队长任期◆The team won the league under the captaincy of Martin Jones.该队在队长马丁•琼斯的率领下在联赛中夺冠。◆In 2006 he took over the captaincy from Vaughan.2006年，他接替沃恩担任队长。■ directorate dəˈrektərət, dɪˈrektərət, daɪˈrektərət [countable] (rather formal) the group of directors who run a company 董事会；理事会◆He is the longest-standing member of the bank's permanent directorate.他是这家银行常设董事会中任职最长的成员。■ directorship [countable] the position of a company director; the period during which sb is a company director 董事的职位；董事的任期◆He was forced to resign his directorship of the company.他被迫辞掉了公司董事的职位。◆Since leaving politics, he has held directorships of various financial companies.自离开政界后，他已担任了多家金融公司的董事。■ headship [countable] (BrE) the position of being in charge of an organization, university department, school, etc.; the period during which sb is in charge （机构、大学的系、学校等的）主管职位，主管任期◆He has just retired from the headship of the Diplomatic Service.他刚刚从外交部门的主管职位上退休。◆She applied for the headship of a small, rural primary school.她申请了一所规模很小的农村小学的校长职位。ⓘ Headship refers to positions with 'head' in the title such as head teacher, head of department or Head of the Civil Service. * headship指头衔里含有head的职位，如head teacher（校长）、head of department（系主任）或Head of the Civil Service（文官部部长）。   see also head ⇨ leader 1 , head ⇨ professor

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