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TOEFL BNC: 6104 COCA: 2870

violation

noun
 
/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/
/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/
[uncountable, countable]
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  1.  
    (formal) the act of going against or refusing to obey a law, an agreement, etc.违反，违犯，违背（法律、协议等）
    • They were in open violation of the treaty.他们公然违反条约。
    Topics Discussion and agreementc1
  2.  
    (formal) the act of not respecting somebody's rights, peace, privacy, etc.侵犯（隐私等）；使人不得安宁；搅扰
    • gross violations of human rights对人权的粗暴践踏
  3. the act of damaging or destroying a holy or special place亵渎，污损（神圣之地） synonym desecration
    • This was a violation of a sacred space.这是对神圣空间的侵犯。
  4. (literary or old-fashioned) the act of forcing somebody to have sex强奸；奸污 synonym rape (1)
TOEFL BNC: 6104 COCA: 2870
violation

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + VIOLATION | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤blatant, clear, flagrant, obvious明目張膽的違反；明顯的違背；悍然的踐踏◇The attack on civilians is a flagrant violation of the peace agreement.襲擊平民的舉動是對和平協定的公然違背。➤egregious (formal, especially NAmE) , grave, gross, major, massive, serious令人震驚的侵犯行為；嚴重的侵犯行為；粗暴踐踏；重大的違反行為➤minor輕微的違反行為➤direct直接的違反行為◇practices that are in direct violation of the Geneva Conventions直接違背《日內瓦公約》的行徑➤technical (especially NAmE) 嚴格法律意義上的違規◇a technical violation of law技術性違法➤systematic, wholesale, widespread蓄意的侵犯；大規模的違犯；廣泛的踐踏▸➤continued, repeated持續的侵犯；一再的侵害➤alleged所宣稱的侵犯▸➤civil liberties, civil rights, human rights對公民自由／民權／人權的踐踏➤privacy對隱私的侵犯➤ethical (especially NAmE) 對道德的踐踏➤code, law, rule (all especially NAmE) 對守則／法律／規則的違犯◇He had been fined for building code violations.他曾因違反建築規範被罰款。◇arrests for drug law violations因違反禁毒法而進行的拘捕➤criminal (especially NAmE) 刑事犯罪➤drug (NAmE) 違反禁毒法◇Nearly 60% of all arrests are for drug violations.幾乎 60% 的拘捕事件都是因為違反了禁毒法。➤traffic交通違法行為➤copyright, trademark對版權／商標的侵犯➤parole, probation (both especially NAmE) 假釋／緩刑違規➤immigration, visa (both especially NAmE) 移民／簽證違規➤safety, security (both especially NAmE) 違反安全規程◇fines for safety violations對違反安全規程的罰款➤antitrust (NAmE) 違反反壟斷法VERB + VIOLATION➤commit違背◇The army was accused of committing violations against the accord.軍隊被控多次違反協定。➤be, constitute是違規；構成違規◇This action constitutes a violation of international law.這一行動違反了國際法。➤report揭發違規➤detect, find發現違規➤investigate調查違規➤ignore無視違規➤avoid, prevent避免／阻止違規PREPOSITION➤in violation of違反◇There is plenty of evidence that her actions were in violation of an earlier contract.有大量證據表明她的行為違反了先前的合同。➤violation against對⋯的違反◇violations against minimum wage agreements對最低工資協定的違反
TOEFL BNC: 6104 COCA: 2870
TOEFL BNC: 6104 COCA: 2870

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