(of a line, pole, etc. 线、杆等 going straight up or down from a level surface or from top to bottom in a picture, etc. 竖的；垂直的；直立的 the vertical axis of the graph 图的纵轴 The cliff was almost vertical. 那悬崖几乎是垂直的。 There was a vertical drop to the ocean. 至海洋有一段垂直落差。
having a structure in which there are top, middle and bottom levels 纵向的 a vertical flow of communication 上下级纵向交流
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medical 医学 passed from one generation to the next 代代相传 4% of these infections result from vertical transmission from mother to baby. 这些感染中有4%是由母婴垂直传播造成的。
Word Originmid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘directly overhead’): from French, or from late Latin verticalis, from vertex ‘whirlpool, crown of a head, vertex’, from vertere ‘to turn’.