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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902

firm

noun
 
/fɜːm/
/fɜːrm/
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  1. a business or company商行；商号；公司
    • a law/consulting/research firm法律/咨询/研究公司
    • an accounting/investment firm会计/投资公司
    • They hired an engineering firm to produce a model of their device.他们雇佣了一家工程公司来生产他们设备的模型。
    • a firm of something a firm of solicitors/accountants/architects 律师/会计师/建筑师事务所
    • She works for a firm of management consultants based in London.她为一家总部设在伦敦的管理咨询公司工作。
    Collocations BusinessBusiness商业Running a business经营企业
    • buy/​acquire/​own/​sell a company/​firm/​franchise 收购／获得／拥有／出售公司／商行／特许经销权
    • set up/​establish/​start/​start up/​launch a business/​company创办企业／公司
    • run/​operate a business/​company/​franchise经营企业／公司／专卖店
    • head/​run a firm/​department/​team管理公司／部门／团队
    • make/​secure/​win/​block a deal达成／阻止一笔交易
    • expand/​grow/​build the business扩展业务
    • boost/​increase investment/​spending/​sales/​turnover/​earnings/​exports/​trade增加投资／支出／销售量／营业额／收入／出口／贸易
    • increase/​expand production/​output/​sales增加产量／输出量／销售量
    • boost/​maximize production/​productivity/​efficiency/​income/​revenue/​profit/​profitability使产量／生产力／效率／收入／收益／利润／收益增加／最大化
    • achieve/​maintain/​sustain growth/​profitability实现／维持／保持增长／收益
    • cut/​reduce/​bring down/​lower/​slash costs/​prices削减成本／价格
    • announce/​impose/​make cuts/​cutbacks宣布／强制实行／实施削减
    Sales and marketing销售和市场营销
    • break into/​enter/​capture/​dominate the market打入／进入／占领／控制市场
    • gain/​grab/​take/​win/​boost/​lose market share取得／夺取／得到／赢得／增加／丢失市场份额
    • find/​build/​create a market for something为某物找到／建立／开创市场
    • start/​launch an advertising/​a marketing campaign发起广告／营销宣传活动
    • develop/​launch/​promote a product/​website开发／推出／推销产品／网站
    • create/​generate demand for your product为产品创造需求
    • attract/​get/​retain/​help customers/​clients吸引／赢得／留住／帮助顾客／客户
    • drive/​generate/​boost/​increase demand/​sales刺激／创造／提高／增加需求／销售量
    • beat/​keep ahead of/​out-think/​outperform the competition打败／领先于／智胜／胜过竞争对手
    • meet/​reach/​exceed/​miss sales targets完成／达到／超过／未达到销售目标
    Finance财务
    • draw up/​set/​present/​agree/​approve a budget起草／制订／提出／批准预算
    • keep to/​balance/​cut/​reduce/​slash the budget执行／平衡／削减／大幅削减预算
    • be/​come in below/​under/​over/​within budget未超出／超出预算；在预算之内
    • generate income/​revenue/​profit/​funds/​business产生收益／利润／资金／营业额
    • fund/​finance a campaign/​a venture/​an expansion/​spending/​a deficit为活动／商业项目／扩张／开支／赤字提供资金
    • provide/​raise/​allocate capital/​funds提供／筹集／分配资金
    • attract/​encourage investment/​investors吸引／鼓励投资／投资者
    • recover/​recoup costs/​losses/​an investment收回成本／亏损／投资
    • get/​obtain/​offer somebody/​grant somebody credit/​a loan获得／为某人提供／准予某人贷款
    • apply for/​raise/​secure/​arrange/​provide finance申请／筹集／获得／安排／提供资金
    Failure失败；不成功
    • lose business/​trade/​customers/​sales/​revenue失去生意／买卖／顾客／销量／收益
    • accumulate/​accrue/​incur/​run up debts累积／积累／招致／积欠债务
    • suffer/​sustain enormous/​heavy/​serious losses蒙受惨重损失
    • face cuts/​a deficit/​redundancy/​bankruptcy面临削减／赤字／裁员／破产
    • file for/ (North American English) enter/​avoid/​escape bankruptcy申请／避免／幸免破产
    • (British English) go into administration/​liquidation进入行政接管／清算
    • liquidate/​wind up a company清算／关闭公司
    • survive/​weather a recession/​downturn艰难渡过萧条期／衰退期
    • propose/​seek/​block/​oppose a merger提出／寻求／阻止／反对合并
    • launch/​make/​accept/​defeat a takeover bid发起／进行／接受／阻止收购投标
    Extra Examples
    • By the age of only 28 she was a partner in a top law firm.年仅28岁时，她就成为一家顶级律师事务所的合伙人。
    • the city's oldest and most prestigious law firm该市历史最久、最负盛名的律师事务所
    • I'm a designer at a London-based publishing firm.我是伦敦一家出版公司的设计师。
    • The group hired a large PR and lobbying firm.该集团雇佣了一家大型公关和游说公司。
    • They are an investment-banking firm specializing in mergers and acquisitions.他们是一家专门从事并购的投资银行公司。
    • She set up her own software firm.她创建了自己的软件公司。
    • The technology is now available for use by government agencies and private firms.这项技术现在可供政府机构和私人公司使用。
    • He founded a firm called Artek in 1935 to manufacture and distribute his designs.1935年，他成立了一家名为Artek的公司，生产和销售他的设计。
    • He owns a local construction firm.他拥有一家当地建筑公司。
    • Wendy has joined the firm as director of marketing.温迪加入了公司，担任营销总监。
    • Local firms are finding it difficult to compete in the international market.当地公司发现很难在国际市场竞争。
    • She hired a firm of private detectives to follow him.她雇了一家私人侦探社跟踪他。
    • He is the senior partner of a firm of solictors.他是一家solictors公司的高级合伙人。
    • She heads a firm of independent financial advisers.她领导着一家独立财务顾问公司。
    • The firm employs 85 000 people around the world.公司在世界范围内雇用了 85,000 人。
    • The firm was taken over by a multinational consultancy.这家公司被一家跨国咨询公司接管了。
    • The well-established firm closed down with the loss of 600 jobs.那家地位巩固的公司倒闭了，造成 600 个工作岗位的丧失。
    • They are likely to merge with a bigger firm.他们很可能和一家较大的公司合并。
    • US firms operating in China在中国运营的美国公司
    • firms operating in domestic makets在国内市场经营的公司
    • a firm specializing in high-tech products专门从事高科技产品的公司
    • At 16 he went to work for the family firm.16岁时，他开始为家族企业工作。
    Topics Businessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • big
    • large
    • major
    • …
    verb + firm
    • establish
    • found
    • launch
    • …
    firm + verb
    • be based in something
    • expand
    • grow
    • …
    preposition
    • in a/​the firm
    • within a/​the firm
    phrases
    • a client of a firm
    • a firm of accountants, consultants, solicitors, etc.
    • a partner in a firm
    • …
    See full entry
    Word Originnoun late 16th cent.: from Spanish and Italian firma, from medieval Latin, from Latin firmare ‘fix, settle’ (in late Latin ‘confirm by signature’), from firmus ‘firm’; compare with farm. The word originally denoted one's autograph or signature; later (mid 18th cent.) the name under which the business of a firm was transacted, hence the firm itself (late 18th cent.).

firm

adjective
 
/fɜːm/
/fɜːrm/
(comparative firmer, superlative firmest)
Idioms
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  1.  
    fairly hard; not easy to press into a different shape坚固的；坚硬的；结实的
    • a firm bed/mattress结实的床／床垫
    • These peaches are still firm.这些桃子还很硬。
    • It was good to feel the firm ground underfoot after hours of trudging through flooded fields.在洪水淹没的田野中跋涉了几个小时后，感觉脚下坚实的土地很好。
    • Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.把糕饼烤到摸起来有硬感为止。
    Extra Examples
    • Use extra stuffing to make the cushions firmer.再添些填充料让垫子硬一点儿。
    • exercises to keep your muscles firm使肌肉保持强健的运动
    • He put a hand on her shoulder, which was firm and slender.他把一只手放在她结实纤细的肩膀上。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs
    • be
    • feel
    • look
    • …
    adverb
    • extremely
    • fairly
    • very
    • …
    See full entry
  2.  
    not likely to change坚定的；确定的；坚决的
    • a firm believer in socialism坚定信仰社会主义的人
    • a firm agreement/date/decision/offer/promise巩固的协议；确定的日期；不能更改的决定；实盘；坚决的保证
    • firm beliefs/conclusions/convictions/principles坚定不移的信仰；定论；坚定的信念／原则
    • She is a firm favourite with the children.孩子们着实喜欢她。
    • We have no firm evidence to support the case.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。
    • They remained firm friends.他们依然友情甚笃。
    Extra Examples
    • No firm agreement was reached.没有达成明确的协议。
    • No firm date has yet been set for the launch.发行的日期尚未确定。
    • Jo held firm: nothing else would do.乔很坚决：其他都不行。
    • We stand firm on these principles.对于这些原则我们立场很坚定。
    • At the age of 87 he is still a firm believer in socialism.他在87岁高龄依然坚信社会主义。
    • Further research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.在得出任何确定的结论之前，还需要进一步的研究。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs
    • be
    • sound
    • hold
    • …
    adverb
    • extremely
    • fairly
    • very
    • …
    preposition
    • with
    See full entry
  3.  
    strongly fixed in place牢固的；稳固的 synonym secure
    • Stand the fish tank on a firm base.把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。
    • No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage.没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠，婚姻也是如此。
  4.  
    (of somebody’s voice or hand movements声音或手势) strong and steady强有力的；坚决的
    • ‘No,’ she repeated, her voice firmer this time.“不。” 她重复说，这次语气较前坚决。
    • With a firm grip on my hand, he pulled me away.他紧握我的手把我拉开。
    • She took a firm hold of my arm.她紧紧地抓住我的胳膊。
    • Her handshake was cool and firm.她握手镇定而有力。
    • Close the hatches with a firm push on the lever.用力推一下操纵杆来关上舱门。
  5.  
    (of somebody’s behaviour, position or understanding of something行为、处境或理解) strong and in control牢牢控制的；严格的；掌握的
    • to exercise firm control/discipline/leadership实施严格的控制／纪律／领导
    • Parents must be firm with their children.父母必须对子女严格。
    • The company now has a firm footing in the marketplace.现在这家公司在市场上已站稳了脚跟。
    • This book will give your students a firm grasp of English grammar.这本书将使学生牢固地掌握英语语法。
    • We need to keep a firm grip on the situation.我们需要牢牢地掌握局面。
    Extra Examples
    • Her employees regarded her as firm but fair.她的员工认为她坚定但公平。
    • Many of the teachers feel that firmer discipline is needed in the school.许多老师认为学校需要更严格的纪律。
    • People are looking towards him for firm leadership.人们都盼望他是个强悍的领导。
    • The authorities took firm action to end the violence.当局采取坚决行动结束暴力。
  6. [usually before noun] firm (against something) (of a country’s money, etc.货币等) not lower than another坚挺的
    • The euro remained firm against the dollar, but fell against the yen.欧元对美元依然坚挺，但对日元的汇率则下跌。
    7. see also firmly
    Word Originadjective Middle English: from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus.
Idioms
be on firm/solid ground
  1. to be in a strong position in an argument, etc. because you know the facts（在辩论等中）立场坚定，对事实确信无疑
    • Everyone agreed with me, so I knew I was on firm ground.每个人都同意我的意见，所以我知道自己立场稳固了。
    • He is probably on solid ground when he says we need more training.当他说我们需要更多的训练时，他可能是有根据的。
    Topics Opinion and argumentc2
a firm hand
  1. strong control or discipline牢固控制；严格纪律；铁腕
    • Those children need a firm hand to make them behave.那些孩子得严加管教。
take a firm line/stand (on/against something)
  1. to make your beliefs known and to try to make others follow them（对…）采取坚定的立场（或态度）
    • We need to take a firm line on data privacy.我们需要对数据隐私采取坚定的立场。
    • They took a firm stand against drugs in the school.他们坚决反对校园吸毒现象。

firm

adverb
/fɜːm/
/fɜːrm/
Word Originadverb Middle English: from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus.
Idioms
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Idioms
hold firm (to something)
  1. (formal) to believe something strongly and not change your mind坚信；坚持
    • She held firm to her principles.她坚持自己的原则。
stand fast/firm
  1. to refuse to move back; to refuse to change your opinions坚定不移；不让步；坚持自己的观点

firm

verb
/fɜːm/
/fɜːrm/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they firm
/fɜːm/
/fɜːrm/
he / she / it firms
/fɜːmz/
/fɜːrmz/
past simple firmed
/fɜːmd/
/fɜːrmd/
past participle firmed
/fɜːmd/
/fɜːrmd/
-ing form firming
/ˈfɜːmɪŋ/
/ˈfɜːrmɪŋ/
Phrasal Verbs
jump to other results
  1. [transitive] firm something to make something become stronger or harder使强壮；使坚固；使坚实
    • Firm the soil around the plant.把植物周围的土弄紧实。
    • This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。
  2. [intransitive] firm (to/at…) (finance金融) (of shares, prices, etc.股票、物价等) to become steady or rise steadily坚挺；稳步上涨
    • The company's shares firmed 3p to 696p.这家公司的股票涨了 3 便士，升至 696 便士。
    3. Word Originverb Middle English: from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus.

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