fungus
noun- [countable]
an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter. mushrooms and mildew are both fungi. 真菌（如蘑菇和霉） Collocations The living worldTopics Plants and treesc1The living world 生物界 Animals 动物 - animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something)
动物交配／繁育／繁殖／以…为食 - fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)
鱼／两栖动物游动／产卵 - birds fly/migrate/nest/sing
鸟飞翔／迁徙／筑巢／啼叫 - insects crawl/fly/bite/sting
昆虫爬／飞／咬／叮 - insects/bees/locusts swarm
昆虫／蜜蜂／蝗虫成群地飞来飞去 - bees collect/gather nectar/pollen
蜜蜂采蜜／花粉 - spiders spin/weave a web
蜘蛛结网／织网 - snakes/lizards shed their skins
蛇／蜥蜴蜕皮 - bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate
熊／刺猬／青蛙冬眠 - insect larvae grow/develop/pupate
昆虫的幼虫生长／发育／化蛹 - an egg/a chick/a larva hatches
卵孵化；小鸡出壳；幼虫孵出 - attract/find/choose a mate
吸引／找到／选择配偶 - produce/release eggs/sperm
产卵；排卵；产生／释放精子 - lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs
产卵；使卵受精；孵卵 - inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast
栖居于森林／礁石／海岸 - mark/enter/defend (a) territory
标出／进入／保卫领地 - stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey
悄悄接近／猎杀／捕获／杀死猎物
Plants and fungi 植物和真菌 - trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower
树木／植物生长／开花 - a seed germinates/sprouts
种子发芽 - leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form
叶子／花蕾／根茎／幼苗长出来／长大／成形 - flower buds swell/open
花蕾含苞欲放／绽放 - a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes something
菌类生长／扩散／长满… - pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant
给花／植物授粉 - produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores
长出／传播花粉／种子／孢子 - produce/bear fruit
结果 - develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves
长出根茎／嫩芽／叶子 - provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients
提供／吸收／提取／释放营养物 - perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis
进行／增加／减少光合作用
Bacteria and viruses 细菌和病毒 - bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply
细菌／微生物／病毒生长／扩散／繁殖 - bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on something
细菌／微生物在…中存活／大量生长 - bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize something/cause disease
细菌／微生物／病毒进化／长满…／引发疾病 - bacteria break something down/convert something (into something)
细菌（将某物）分解／转化（成某物） - a virus enters/invades something/the body
病毒进入／侵入某物／身体 - a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)
病毒变异／演化／（自我）复制 - be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria
感染上／接触到一种新病毒／抗药性细菌 - contain/carry/harbour bacteria/a virus
带有细菌／病毒 - kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria
杀灭有害的／致命的细菌
- animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something)
- [uncountable, countable]
a layer of mould or a similar fungus, for example on a plant or wall; an infection caused by a fungus 霉；霉菌 The logs were covered with bright fungus. 原木上覆盖着明亮的真菌。 Farmed fish often get fungus. 养殖的鱼经常会感染真菌。 fungus infections 霉菌感染
Word Originlate Middle English: from Latin, perhaps from Greek spongos, reinforced in Middle English by Old French esponge.