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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3095 COCA: 3580

bitter

adjective
 
/ˈbɪtə(r)/
/ˈbɪtər/
more bitter and most bitter are the usual comparative and superlative forms, but bitterest can also be used.Idioms
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  1.  
     (of food, etc.食物等) having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet味苦的
    • Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.不加牛奶的咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
    Synonyms bitterbitter
    • pungent
    • sour
    • acrid
    • sharp
    • acid
    These words all describe a strong, unpleasant taste or smell.
    • bitter (of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste.指（味道或气味）强烈的、令人不适的，（食物或饮料）味苦的
    • pungent (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste:
      • the pungent smell of burning rubber烧橡胶的刺鼻气味
    • sour (of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ready to eat; (of food or drink) having a sour taste:
      • Too much pulp produces a sour wine.过多的果肉会让酒变酸。
    • acrid (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell:
      • acrid smoke from burning tyres燃烧轮胎产生的熏烟
    • sharp (of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste:
      • The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.这奶酪味道很冲。
    • acid (of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ready to eat; (of food or drink) having an acid taste.
    which word?A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter taste of coffee or chocolate. No other word can describe this taste. A sharp or pungent taste is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese. Sharp, sour and acid all describe the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to eat. An acrid smell is strong and unpleasant, especially the smell of smoke or burning, but not the smell of food.Patterns
    • a(n) bitter/​pungent/​sour/​acrid/​sharp/​acid taste/​flavour
    • a(n) bitter/​pungent/​acrid/​sharp/​acid smell/​odour
    • a(n) bitter/​sour/​sharp/​acid fruit
    • pungent/​sharp cheese
    • pungent/​acrid smoke
    compare sweet
    Wordfinder
    Extra Examples
    • The drink tasted bitter.这种饮料味苦。
    • This plant is ignored by livestock because of the bitter taste.因为味苦，家畜不吃这种植物。
    • bitter chocolate带苦味的巧克力
    • (figurative) The whole sorry affair had left a bitter taste in her mouth (= made her feel angry or unhappy).整个令人遗憾的事情给她留下了痛苦的印象。
    Topics Cooking and eatingb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs
    • be
    • taste
    adverb
    • extremely
    • fairly
    • very
    • …
    See full entry
  2.  
     (of arguments, disagreements, etc.争论、分歧等) very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hate involved激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的
    • a long and bitter dispute漫长而激烈的争论
    • They are locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.他们为三个孩子的监护权陷入了一场激烈的争夺之中。
    • The candidates are locked in an increasingly bitter struggle.候选人陷入了越来越激烈的斗争。
  3.  
     (of people人) feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly愤愤不平的
    • She is very bitter about losing her job.她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。
    • The company sounds pretty bitter about the experience.公司听起来对这种经历相当不满。
    Extra Examples
    • I felt very bitter towards them.我对他们极为不满。
    • She still seems bitter about it.她对那件事好像仍然有些不满。
    • The divorce had left her bitter.离婚让她心怀怨恨。
    Topics Feelingsb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs
    • be
    • feel
    • seem
    • …
    adverb
    • extremely
    • fairly
    • very
    • …
    preposition
    • about
    • towards/​toward
    See full entry
  4.  
     [usually before noun] making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的
    • to weep/shed bitter tears伤心落泪
    • Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
    • I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。
    Extra Examples
    • Loving relationships can turn bitter.爱能转化为恨。
    • She bit her lip hard to stop the rush of bitter words.她使劲咬着嘴唇，把到嘴边的刻薄话咽回去了。
  5.  
     (of weather conditions天气) extremely cold and unpleasant严寒的
    • bitter cold严寒
    • a bitter wind刺骨寒风
    • It's really bitter out today.今天户外的确很冷。
    • The weather turned bitter.天气转冷。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs
    • be
    • become
    • turn
    • …
    adverb
    • extremely
    • fairly
    • very
    • …
    See full entry
    6. Word OriginOld English biter, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German bitter, and probably to bite.
Idioms
a bitter pill (for somebody) (to swallow)
  1. a fact or an event that is unpleasant and difficult to accept严酷的现实；（难以咽下的）苦果
    • The election defeat was a bitter pill for the party to swallow.选举失败是该党难以下咽的苦果。
to/until the bitter end
  1. continuing until you have done everything you can, or until something is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems（不怕艰苦）坚持到底，奋斗到底
    • They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。
    • We will fight this case to the bitter end.我们会把这场官司打到底。

bitter

noun
/ˈbɪtə(r)/
/ˈbɪtər/
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  1. (British English) [uncountable, countable] a type of beer with a dark colour and a strong bitter taste, that is very popular in England and Wales苦啤酒（在英国很受欢迎）
    • A pint of bitter, please.请来一品脱苦啤酒。
    compare mild
  2. bitters
     [uncountable + singular or plural verb] a strong bitter alcoholic liquid that is made from plants and added to other alcoholic drinks苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）
    • gin with a dash of bitters掺了少量苦酒汁的杜松子酒
    3. Word OriginOld English biter, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German bitter, and probably to bite.

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