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TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643

constraint

noun
 OPAL W
/kənˈstreɪnt/
/kənˈstreɪnt/
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  1.  
    [countable] a thing that limits something, or limits your freedom to do something限制；限定；约束 synonym restriction
    • constraints of time/money/space时间／资金／空间的限制
    • financial/economic/legal/political constraints财政／经济／法律／政治约束
    • constraint on something This decision will impose serious constraints on all schools.这项决定将使所有的学校受到各种严格的限制。
    Synonyms limitlimit
    • restriction
    • control
    • constraint
    • restraint
    • limitation
    These are all words for something that limits what you can do or what can happen.
    • limit the greatest or smallest amount of something that is allowed:
      • The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels.欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限定。
      • the speed limit速度限制
    • restriction (rather formal) a rule or law that limits what you can do:指限制规定、限制法规：
      • There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.取款没有限额。
    • control (often in compounds) the act of limiting or managing something; a method of doing this:
      • arms control军备控制
    • constraint (rather formal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do:指限制、限定、约束：
      • We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.我们必须在时间紧迫、资金紧张的限制下工作。
    • restraint (rather formal) a decision, a rule, an idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting something because it is necessary or sensible to do so:指约束力、管制措施、制约因素、控制、限制：
      • The government has imposed export restraints on some products.政府对一些产品实行了出口控制。
      • The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.工会不大可能接受任何形式的工资限制。
    • limitation the act or process of limiting something; a rule, fact or condition that limits something:
      • They would resist any limitation of their powers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。
    restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?用 restriction、constraint、restraint 还是 limitation？These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by somebody in authority. A constraint is something that exists rather than something that is made, although it may exist as a result of somebody’s decision. A restraint is also something that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of somebody else’s decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable: moral/​social/​cultural restraints. A limitation is more general and can be a rule that somebody makes or a fact or condition that exists.Patterns
    • limits/​restrictions/​controls/​constraints/​restraints/​limitations on something
    • limits/​limitations to something
    • severe limits/​restrictions/​controls/​constraints/​restraints/​limitations
    • tight limits/​restrictions/​controls/​constraints
    • to impose/​remove limits/​restrictions/​controls/​constraints/​restraints/​limitations
    • to lift restrictions/​controls/​constraints/​restraints
    Extra Examples
    • The government has placed tight constraints on spending this year.政府今年实行了严格的开支限制。
    • There are major financial constraints on all schools.所有的学校都面临严重的财政限制。
    • We have to work within severe constraints.我们得在严格的限制范围内工作。
    • We are severely limited by legal and political constraints.我们受到法律和政治的严重限制。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • important
    • major
    • severe
    • …
    verb + constraint
    • impose
    • place
    • put
    • …
    preposition
    • within a/​the constraint
    • without constraint
    • constraint on
    • …
    See full entry
  2.  
    [uncountable] strict control over the way that you behave or are allowed to behave约束；严管
    • At last we could relax and talk without constraint.我们终于可以放松下来，无拘无束地谈话了。
    3. Word Originlate Middle English (in the sense ‘coercion’): from Old French constreinte, feminine past participle of constraindre, from Latin constringere ‘bind tightly together’.
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643
constraint

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONSTRAINT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤important, major重要的約束；重大的限制▸➤severe, tight嚴厲的約束；嚴格的限制◇The government has placed tight constraints on spending this year.政府今年實行了嚴格的開支限制。➤budget, budgetary, financial預算上的限制；財政上的限制▸➤legal, space, time法律約束；空間限制；時間限制VERB + CONSTRAINT➤impose, place, put實行約束；加以限制▸➤relax, remove放鬆／取消限制▸➤face面臨限制PREPOSITION➤within a/the constraint在限制範圍內◇We have to work within severe constraints.我們得在嚴格的限制範圍內工作。➤without constraint沒有限制◇I felt free to speak to her without constraint.同她說話我感到很自由，不拘束。➤constraint on, constraint upon對⋯的限制◇There are major financial constraints on all schools.所有的學校都面臨嚴重的財政限制。
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643
constraint noun
⇨ limit 1
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643

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