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penance

noun
/ˈpenəns/
/ˈpenəns/
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  1. [countable, usually singular, uncountable] (especially in particular religions尤见于某些宗教) an act that you give yourself to do, or that a priest gives you to do, in order to show that you are sorry for something you have done wrong补赎;悔罪;修和圣事
    • an act of penance赎罪善功
    • penance for something to do penance for your sins为自己的罪过做补赎
    • in penance She kneeled at her mother's feet in penance. 她跪在母亲脚下表达忏悔。
    Collocations ReligionReligion宗教Being religious笃信宗教的
    • believe in God/​Christ/​Allah/​free will/​predestination/​heaven and hell/​an afterlife/​reincarnation信仰上帝/耶稣基督/真主/自由意志/宿命论/天堂与地狱/来生/转世说
    • be/​become a believer/​an atheist/​an agnostic/​a Christian/​Muslim/​Hindu/​Buddhist, etc.是/成为信徒/无神论者/不可知论者/基督徒/穆斯林/印度教教徒/佛教徒等
    • convert to/​practise a religion/​Buddhism/​Catholicism/​Christianity/​Islam/​Judaism, etc.
    • go to church/(North American English) temple (= the synagogue)去教堂/会堂做礼拜
    • go to the local church/​mosque/​synagogue/​gurdwara去当地的教堂/清真寺/犹太教会堂/谒师所做礼拜
    • belong to a church/​a religious community是教堂/宗教团体的成员
    • join/​enter the church/​a convent/​a monastery/​a religious sect/​the clergy/​the priesthood成为牧师/女修道士/僧侣/宗教人员/神职人员/司祭
    • praise/​worship/​obey/​serve/​glorify God赞美/敬拜/遵从/侍奉/颂扬上帝
    Celebrations and ritual庆典与仪式
    • attend/​hold/​conduct/​lead a service参加/举行/组织/主持礼拜仪式
    • perform a ceremony/​a rite/​a ritual/​a baptism/​the Hajj/​a mitzvah举行典礼/仪式/宗教仪式/洗礼/朝觐/受戒仪式
    • carry out/​perform a sacred/​burial/​funeral/​fertility/​purification rite举行宗教/安葬/葬礼/丰收/净化仪式
    • go on/​make a pilgrimage前往朝圣
    • celebrate Christmas/​Easter/​Eid/​Ramadan/​Hanukkah/​Passover/​Diwali庆祝圣诞节/复活节/开斋节/斋月/修殿节/逾越节/排灯节
    • observe/​break the Sabbath/​a fast/​Ramadan守/不守安息日/斋戒/斋月
    • deliver/​preach/​hear a sermon传道;讲道;听布道
    • lead/​address the congregation带领会众;对会众发表演讲
    • say/​recite a prayer/​blessing念诵/背诵经文;祝祷
    Religious texts and ideas宗教经文与思想
    • preach/​proclaim/​spread the word of God/​the Gospel/​the message of Islam传布/颂扬/传播上帝的话/《福音》/伊斯兰教义
    • study/​follow the dharma/​the teachings of Buddha研究/遵循达摩/佛教教义
    • read/​study/​understand/​interpret scripture/​the Bible/​the Koran/​the gospel/​the Torah阅读/研究/理解/阐释经文/《圣经》/《古兰经》/《福音》/托拉
    • be based on/​derive from divine revelation基于/来源于上帝的启示
    • commit/​consider something heresy/​sacrilege犯异端/渎圣罪;认为…是异端邪说/亵渎圣物
    Religious belief and experience宗教信仰与体验
    • seek/​find/​gain enlightenment/​wisdom寻求/找到/获得启迪/智慧
    • strengthen/​lose your faith增强/失去信德
    • keep/​practise/​practice/​abandon the faith忠于/践行/放弃信仰
    • save/​purify/​lose your soul拯救/净化/失去灵魂
    • obey/​follow/​keep/​break/​violate a commandment/​Islamic law/​Jewish law服从/遵循/恪守/违反/亵渎诫条/伊斯兰教法/犹太教法
    • be/​accept/​do God’s will是/接受/践行上帝的旨意
    • receive/​experience divine grace得到/感受神的恩宠
    • achieve/​attain enlightenment/​salvation/​nirvana获得启迪/拯救/涅槃
    • undergo a conversion/​rebirth/​reincarnation经历皈依/重生/转世化身
    • hear/​answer a prayer聆听/回应祷告
    • commit/​confess/​forgive a sin犯罪;忏悔;宽恕罪过
    • do/​perform penance进行补赎
    Extra Examples
    • He decided to do public penance for his sins.他决定为他的罪孽作公开补赎。
    • He devoted his life to helping the poor as a penance for his past crimes.他终生致力于帮助穷人,作为对以前所犯罪行的忏悔。
    Topics Religion and festivalsc2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • public
    verb + penance
    • do
    • pay
    preposition
    • as a penance
    • in penance
    • penance for
    phrases
    • an act of penance
    See full entry
  2. [singular] something that you have to do even though you do not like doing it苦差事;被迫做的事
    • She regards living in New York as a penance; she hates big cities.她把住在纽约视为苦事,她讨厌大都市。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • public
    verb + penance
    • do
    • pay
    preposition
    • as a penance
    • in penance
    • penance for
    phrases
    • an act of penance
    See full entry
  3. Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French, from Latin paenitentia ‘repentance’, from the verb paenitere ‘be sorry’.

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