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be

verb
 
/bi/, strong form /biː/
/bi/, strong form /biː/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they am/​are
/æm/, /ɑː(r)/
/æm/, /ɑːr/
am not/​are not/​aren't
he / she / it is
/ɪz/
/ɪz/
is not
isn't
past simple was
/wəz/, strong form /wɒz/
/wəz/, strong form /wʌz/
was not
wasn't
/ˈwɒznt/
/ˈwʌznt/
past simple were
/wə(r)/, strong form /wɜː(r)/
/wər/, strong form /wɜːr/
were not
weren't
past participle been
/biːn/, /bɪn/
/bɪn/
-ing form being
/ˈbiːɪŋ/
/ˈbiːɪŋ/
Idioms
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  1.  
     linking verb used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them（提供名称或信息时用）
    • + noun Today is Monday.今天是星期一。
    • ‘Who is that?’ ‘It's my brother.’“那个人是谁？” “是我哥哥。”
    • She's a great beauty.她是个大美人。
    • Susan is a doctor.苏珊是医生。
    • He wants to be (= become) a pilot when he grows up.他想长大后当飞行员。
    • + adj. It's beautiful!美呀！
    • Life is unfair.人生没有公平。
    • He is ten years old.他十岁了。
    • ‘How are you?’ ‘I'm very well, thanks.’“你好吗？” “我很好，谢谢。”
    • Be quick!快点！
    • be (that)… The fact is (that) we don’t have enough money.事实是我们没有那么多钱。
    • be doing something The problem is getting it all done in the time available.问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。
    • be to do something The problem is to get it all done in the time available.问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。
  2.  
     linking verb it is/was used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it（描述情况或表达想法时用）
    • + adj. It was really hot in the sauna.桑拿浴的确很热。
    • It's strange how she never comes to see us any more.奇怪，她怎么再也不来看我们了。
    • He thinks it's clever to make fun of people.他觉得拿别人开玩笑显得聪明。
    • + noun It would be a shame if you lost it.你要是把它丢了就太可惜了。
    • It's going to be a great match.这将是一场了不起的比赛。
  3.  
     linking verb there is/are + noun to exist; to be present有；存在
    • Is there a God?上帝存在吗？
    • Once upon a time there was a princess…从前有一位公主…
    • I tried phoning but there was no answer.我试打过电话，但没人接。
    • There's a bank down the road.沿马路不远有一家银行。
    • Was there a pool at the hotel?宾馆里有游泳池吗？
  4.  
     [intransitive] + adv./prep. to be located; to be in a place位于；在（某处）
    • The town is three miles away.镇子距此地三英里远。
    • If you're looking for your file, it's on the table.你要找的文件在桌子上。
    • Mary's upstairs.玛丽在楼上。
  5.  
     [intransitive] be from… used to say where somebody was born or where their home is出生于（某地）；来自…；是（某地的）人
    • She's from Italy.她是意大利人。
  6.  
     [intransitive] + adv./prep. to happen at a time or in a place（在某时或某地）发生
    • The party is on Friday evening.聚会定于周五晚上举行。
    • The meetings are always in the main conference room.会议总是在主会议室进行。
  7.  
     [intransitive] + adv./prep. to remain in a place留在（某地）；逗留
    • She has been in her room for hours.她已经在她的房间里待了几个小时了。
    • They're here till Christmas.他们将在这里一直住到圣诞节。
  8.  
     [intransitive] + adv./prep. to attend an event; to be present in a place出席；到场
    • I'll be at the party.我将出席聚会。
    • He'll be here soon (= will arrive soon).他很快就会到达。
  9.  
     linking verb it is/was used to talk about time（用于表达时间）
    • + noun It's two thirty.现在是两点三十。
    • + adj. It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达时已是深夜。
  10.  
     linking verb + noun to cost花费；值
    • ‘How much is that dress?’ ‘Eighty dollars.’“那条连衣裙多少钱？” “八十美元。”
  11.  
     linking verb + noun to be equal to等于；等同
    • Three and three is six.三加三等于六。
    • How much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？
    • Let x be the sum of a and b.设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。
    • London is not England (= do not think that all of England is like London).伦敦并不等于英格兰（不要以为整个英格兰都像伦敦）。
  12.  
     [intransitive] (only used in the perfect tenses仅用于完成时) + adv./prep. to visit or call前往；造访；访问
    • I've never been to Spain.我从未去过西班牙。
    • He had been abroad many times.他曾多次出国。
    • (British English) Has the postman been yet?邮递员来过了吗？
    In North American English, come is used instead: Has the mailman come yet?
  13.  
    linking verb + noun used to say what something is made of（表示所用的材料）
    • Is your jacket real leather?你的夹克是真皮的吗？
  14.  
     linking verb [intransitive] used to say who something belongs to or who it is intended for（表示某物所属）
    • be mine, yours, etc. The money's not yours, it's John's.这钱不是你的，是约翰的。
    • be for me, you, etc. This package is for you.这个包裹是给你的。
  15.  
     linking verb be everything, nothing, etc. (to somebody) used to say how important something is to somebody（表示对某人的重要性）
    • Money isn't everything (= it is not the only important thing).金钱不是一切（不是唯一重要的东西）。
    • A thousand dollars is nothing to somebody as rich as he is.一千美元对于像他这么富有的人来说算不上什么。
    16. Word OriginOld English bēon, an irregular and defective verb, whose full conjugation derives from several originally distinct verbs. The forms am and is are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin sum and est. The forms was and were are from an Indo-European root meaning ‘remain’. The forms be and been are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin fui ‘I was’, fio ‘I become’, and Greek phuein ‘bring forth, cause to grow’. The origin of are is uncertain.
Idioms Most idioms containing be are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example be the death of somebody is at death. 
as/that was
  1. as somebody/something used to be called像以往所称呼的；作为曾用名
    • Jill Davis that was (= before her marriage)（婚前）姓名为吉尔 · 戴维斯
    • the Soviet Union, as was旧称苏联
the be-all and end-all (of something)
  1. (informal) the most important part; all that matters最重要的部分；最要紧的事
    • Her career is the be-all and end-all of her existence.她的事业是她生活中至关重要的事。
(he, she, etc. has) been and done something
  1. (British English, informal) used to show that you are surprised and annoyed by something that somebody has done（表示吃惊和恼怒）
    • Someone's been and parked in front of the entrance!有人居然把车停在大门口！
    see also go and do something
if it wasn’t/weren’t for…
  1. used to say that somebody/something stopped somebody/something from happening若不是（某人／某事）；幸亏
    • If it weren't for you, I wouldn't be alive today.如果不是你，我早就死了。
something is what it is
  1. (informal) used to show that you accept that something negative cannot be changed事已至此（表示接受无法改变的负面事情）
    • I never imagined that our company share prices would fall so low, but it is what it is.我从没想到我们公司的股价会跌到这么低，但事已至此，又能如何？
leave/let somebody/something be
  1. to leave somebody/something alone without bothering them/it随…去；不打扰某人／某事物
    • Leave her be, she obviously doesn't want to talk about it.别烦她了，她显然不想谈论这事。
    • Let the poor dog be (= don't annoy it).别逗弄那条可怜的狗了。
-to-be
  1. (in compounds构成复合词) future将来
    • his bride-to-be他的未婚妻
    • mothers-to-be (= pregnant women)准妈妈

be

auxiliary verb
 
/bi/, strong form /biː/
/bi/, strong form /biː/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they am/​are
/æm/, /ɑː(r)/
/æm/, /ɑːr/
am not/​are not/​aren't
he / she / it is
/ɪz/
/ɪz/
is not
isn't
past simple was
/wəz/, strong form /wɒz/
/wəz/, strong form /wʌz/
was not
wasn't
/ˈwɒznt/
/ˈwʌznt/
past simple were
/wə(r)/, strong form /wɜː(r)/
/wər/, strong form /wɜːr/
were not
weren't
-ing form being
/ˈbiːɪŋ/
/ˈbiːɪŋ/
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  1.  
     used with a present participle to form progressive tenses（与现在分词连用构成进行时）
    • I am studying Chinese.我正在学中文。
    • I'll be seeing him soon.我很快就要见到他了。
    • What have you been doing this week?你这个星期都在做些什么？
    • I'm always being criticized.我总是受到批评。
  2.  
     used to make question tags (= short questions added to the end of statements)（用于反意疑问句）
    • You're not hungry, are you?你不饿，对吧？
    • Ben's coming, isn't he?本要来，是不是？
    • The old theatre was pulled down, wasn't it?老戏院被拆了，对不？
  3.  
     used with a past participle to form the passive（与过去分词连用构成被动语态）
    • He was killed in the war.他死于这场战争。
    • Where were they made?这些东西是在哪里制造的？
    • The house was still being built.房子还在建造中。
    • You will be told what to do.会有人告诉你该干什么的。
  4.  
     used to avoid repeating the full form of a verb in the passive or a progressive tense（在被动语态或进行时中代替重复的动词完整形式）
    • Karen wasn't beaten in any of her games, but all the others were.卡伦没有输掉任何一场比赛，但所有其他人都输过。
    • ‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I'm not.’“你和我们一起去吗？” “不，我不了。”
  5. be to do something used to say what must or should be done（表示必须或应该）
    • I am to call them once I reach the airport.我一到机场就得给他们打电话。
    • You are to report this to the police.你应该报警。
    • What is to be done about this problem?该如何处理这个问题？
    Topics Permission and obligationb2
  6. be to do something used to say what is arranged to happen（表示已安排好要做的事）
    • They are to be married in June.他们计划于六月份结婚。
  7. be to do something used to say what happened later（表示后来发生的事）
    • He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life (= he did regret it).他终生都会后悔作出了那一决定。
  8. be not, never, etc. to be done used to say what could not or did not happen（表示不会或没有发生时用）
    • Anna was nowhere to be found (= we could not find her anywhere).我们到处都找不到安娜。
    • He was never to see his wife again (= although he did not know it would be so at the time, he did not see her again).他注定再也见不到他的妻子了。
    • She wanted to write a successful novel, but it was not to be (= it turned out never to happen).她曾想写一部成功的小说，但从未如愿。
  9. if somebody/it were to do something… | were somebody/it to do something… (formal) used to express a condition（表述条件）
    • If we were to offer you more money, would you stay?假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
    • Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
    10. Word OriginOld English bēon, an irregular and defective verb, whose full conjugation derives from several originally distinct verbs. The forms am and is are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin sum and est. The forms was and were are from an Indo-European root meaning ‘remain’. The forms be and been are from an Indo-European root shared by Latin fui ‘I was’, fio ‘I become’, and Greek phuein ‘bring forth, cause to grow’. The origin of are is uncertain.

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