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bacteria

noun
/bækˈtɪəriə/
/bækˈtɪriə/
[plural]
(bacterium
/bækˈtɪəriəm/
/bækˈtɪriəm/
)
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  1. the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease.细菌
    • Neither chilling nor freezing kills all bacteria.冷藏和冷冻都不能杀死所有的细菌。
    • antibiotic-resistant bacteria抗生素抗性细菌
    • Food that is contaminated with bacteria may not look or smell bad.被细菌污染的食物可能看起来或闻起来都不坏。
    • The spots can become infected with bacteria.这些斑点会被细菌感染。
    • Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful bacteria.生肉和家禽可能含有有害细菌。
    • These beneficial bacteria already naturally reside in the intestines.这些有益菌已经自然地驻留在肠道中。
    • There are many different strains of this bacterium.这种细菌有许多不同的菌株。
    Collocations The living worldThe living world生物界Animals动物
    • animals mate/​breed/​reproduce/​feed (on something)动物交配/繁育/繁殖/以…为食
    • fish/​amphibians swim/​spawn (= lay eggs)鱼/两栖动物游动/产卵
    • birds fly/​migrate/​nest/​sing鸟飞翔/迁徙/筑巢/啼叫
    • insects crawl/​fly/​bite/​sting昆虫爬/飞/咬/叮
    • insects/​bees/​locusts swarm昆虫/蜜蜂/蝗虫成群地飞来飞去
    • bees collect/​gather nectar/​pollen蜜蜂采蜜/花粉
    • spiders spin/​weave a web蜘蛛结网/织网
    • snakes/​lizards shed their skins蛇/蜥蜴蜕皮
    • bears/​hedgehogs/​frogs hibernate熊/刺猬/青蛙冬眠
    • insect larvae grow/​develop/​pupate昆虫的幼虫生长/发育/化蛹
    • an egg/​a chick/​a larva hatches卵孵化;小鸡出壳;幼虫孵出
    • attract/​find/​choose a mate吸引/找到/选择配偶
    • produce/​release eggs/​sperm产卵;排卵;产生/释放精子
    • lay/​fertilize/​incubate/​hatch eggs产卵;使卵受精;孵卵
    • inhabit a forest/​a reef/​the coast栖居于森林/礁石/海岸
    • mark/​enter/​defend (a) territory标出/进入/保卫领地
    • stalk/​hunt/​capture/​catch/​kill prey悄悄接近/猎杀/捕获/杀死猎物
    Plants and fungi植物和真菌
    • trees/​plants grow/​bloom/​blossom/​flower树木/植物生长/开花
    • a seed germinates/​sprouts种子发芽
    • leaves/​buds/​roots/​shoots appear/​develop/​form叶子/花蕾/根茎/幼苗长出来/长大/成形
    • flower buds swell/​open花蕾含苞欲放/绽放
    • a fungus grows/​spreads/​colonizes something菌类生长/扩散/长满…
    • pollinate/​fertilize a flower/​plant给花/植物授粉
    • produce/​release/​spread/​disperse pollen/​seeds/​spores长出/传播花粉/种子/孢子
    • produce/​bear fruit结果
    • develop/​grow/​form roots/​shoots/​leaves长出根茎/嫩芽/叶子
    • provide/​supply/​absorb/​extract/​release nutrients提供/吸收/提取/释放营养物
    • perform/​increase/​reduce photosynthesis进行/增加/减少光合作用
    Bacteria and viruses细菌和病毒
    • bacteria/​microbes/​viruses grow/​spread/​multiply细菌/微生物/病毒生长/扩散/繁殖
    • bacteria/​microbes live/​thrive in/​on something细菌/微生物在…中存活/大量生长
    • bacteria/​microbes/​viruses evolve/​colonize something/​cause disease细菌/微生物/病毒进化/长满…/引发疾病
    • bacteria break something down/​convert something (into something)细菌(将某物)分解/转化(成某物)
    • a virus enters/​invades something/​the body病毒进入/侵入某物/身体
    • a virus mutates/​evolves/​replicates (itself)病毒变异/演化/(自我)复制
    • be infected with/​contaminated with/​exposed to a new strain of a virus/​drug-resistant bacteria感染上/接触到一种新病毒/抗药性细菌
    • contain/​carry/​harbour bacteria/​a virus带有细菌/病毒
    • kill/​destroy/​eliminate harmful/​deadly bacteria杀灭有害的/致命的细菌
    Topics Biologyb2, Illnessb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • dangerous
    • harmful
    • beneficial
    verb + bacteria
    • attack
    • destroy
    • fight
    phrases
    • a strain of bacteria
    See full entry
    More Like This Easily-confused plural/​singular formsEasily-confused plural/​singular forms

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