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IELTS BNC: 2501 COCA: 1801

golf

noun
 
/ɡɒlf/
/ɡɑːlf/
[uncountable]
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  1. a game played over a large area of ground using sticks with a special shape to hit a small hard ball (a golf ball) into a series of 9 or 18 holes, using as few shots as possible高尔夫球运动
    • I play golf every weekend.我每个周末都打高尔夫球。
    • He enjoyed a round of golf on a Sunday morning.他喜欢星期天的上午打一场高尔夫球。
    see also crazy golf, minigolf
    Culture golfgolfGolf was first developed in Scotland in the 15th century but is now played all round the world by both professional and amateur players.The aim of golf is to hit a small ball from a tee (= a flat area of grass) into a hole on a green (= an area of grass that is cut very short ), which may be up to 600 yards/550 metres away, using as few shots (= hits) as possible. Most golf courses consist of 18 holes. To make play more difficult they are often hilly and have various natural and man-made hazards such as lakes, bunkers (= shallow holes filled with sand), and rough, long grass or trees on either side of the fairway.Each player has their own ball and several different types of club (woods, irons and a putter) with which to hit it. The club chosen depends on the type of shot the player needs to make. In professional tournaments (= games) players have a caddie to carry the bag of clubs from one hole to the next and to advise them on their play. Players try to finish each hole in a given number of shots, which is known as par. If they use one shot less than par they score a birdie; if they use two shots less they score an eagle; if they use three shots under par they score an albatross. If they manage to get the ball into the hole in a single shot they can claim a hole-in-one. If they use a shot more than par they score a bogey. A handicap is an advantage given to weaker players which is expressed as a number related to the number of shots above par. Professional golfers have a handicap of zero. At the end of a round (= all 18 holes), the player with the lowest score is the winner. Professional matches may consist of several rounds. The result sometimes depends on the total number of shots players have taken (stroke play), or else on the number of individual holes each player has won (match play).Golf began as a sport of the upper classes and in Britain in the past it attracted mainly people in business and the professions. Now it is played by a wide range of people of all classes, and many more golf courses have been built. The game can still be quite expensive to play and membership of the most popular golf clubs may cost a lot of money. The most famous British clubs include the Royal and Ancient at St Andrews, where the first official rules of golf were agreed in 1754, Muirfield and Wentworth. Golf may have been taken to America by people from Scotland in the 17th century, but the first permanent club was not established there until 1888, in Yonkers, New York.There are four important international competitions for professional golfers, known as the majors. They are the British Open, and three held in the US: the Masters Tournament is always held at Augusta, Georgia, the US Open and the US PGA Championship. US and European teams also compete every two years in the Ryder Cup. The major US competitions for women include the US Women's Open and the LPGA Women's Championship. Amateur events include the Walker Cup and the Curtis Cup. Television has helped to increase the popularity of the game.As well as golf courses, there are also many driving ranges where people can practise hitting golf balls over long distances, particularly practising their swing (= way of hitting the ball). Many people who do not play golf enjoy a game of crazy golf (NAmE miniature golf) in a local park. The idea is to hit a golf ball round a small grass and concrete course, through tunnels, over bridges, round small pools, etc. Others enjoy putting, a form of golf on a small grass course.
    Extra Examples
    • Choose from over 100 golf packages in our brochure.请从我们手册中的 100 多个高尔夫球假日旅游套餐中选择。
    • His coach says his golf swing needs improving.他的教练说他的挥杆技术还需要提高。
    • She has a golf handicap of 18.她的差点是 18。
    • She's been a golf widow since she gave her husband his first set of clubs.自从她送给丈夫第一套高尔夫球杆起，她就守起了活寡。
    • The club is holding a golf clinic next week, where golfers can get advice from the pros.俱乐部下周开办高尔夫球讲习班，高尔夫球员可向职业球员请教。
    • The eighth at Banff is one of the world's great golf holes.班夫的第八球洞是世界上最棒的高尔夫球洞之一。
    Topics Sports: ball and racket sportsa2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • amateur
    • championship
    • pro
    • …
    … of golf
    • game
    • round
    verb + golf
    • play
    • take up
    • watch
    • …
    golf + noun
    • course
    • links
    • hole
    • …
    See full entry
    Word Originlate Middle English (originally Scots): perhaps related to Dutch kolf ‘club, bat’, used as a term in several Dutch games; golf, however, is recorded before these games.

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