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alcohol

noun
/ˈælkəhɒl/
/ˈælkəhɔːl/
[uncountable]
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  1. drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunk含酒精饮料;酒
    • He never drinks alcohol.他从来不喝酒。
    • alcohol abuse/use/dependence酒精滥用/使用/依赖
    • the dangers of excessive alcohol consumption过量饮酒的危险
    • Alcohol should only be consumed in moderation. 酒精只能适量饮用。
    • Licences to sell alcohol are granted by local councils.出售酒类的许可证由地方议会颁发。
    • He was unable to overcome his addiction to alcohol.他无法戒除酒瘾。
    Collocations Diet and exerciseDiet and exercise节食和锻炼Weight体重
    • put on/​gain/​lose weight/​a few kilos/​a few pounds增加/减少体重/几公斤/几磅
    • watch/​control/​struggle with your weight关注/控制体重;努力减肥
    • be/​become seriously overweight/​underweight已经/变得严重超重/体重不足
    • be/​become clinically/​morbidly obese已经是/变成临床/病态肥胖
    • achieve/​facilitate/​promote/​stimulate weight loss达到减轻体重的目的;促进减肥
    • slim down to 70 kilos/(British English) 11 stone/(especially North American English) 160 pounds减肥到 70 公斤/11 英石/160 磅
    • combat/​prevent/​tackle/​treat obesity遏制/防止/解决/治疗肥胖
    • develop/​have/​suffer from/​struggle with/​recover from anorexia/​bulimia/​an eating disorder患上/对抗/治愈厌食症/贪食症/饮食失调症
    • be on/​go on/​follow a crash/​strict diet采用快速减肥食谱;严格节食
    • have/​suffer from a negative/​poor body image有不好的身体形象
    • have/​develop a positive/​healthy body image具有/达到好的/健康的身体形象
    Healthy eating健康的饮食
    • eat a balanced diet/​healthily/​sensibly吃得均衡/健康/合理
    • get/​provide/​receive adequate/​proper nutrition获得/提供/得到充足的/合适的营养
    • contain/​get/​provide essential nutrients/​vitamins/​minerals含有/得到/提供必需的营养素/维生素/矿物质
    • be high/​low in calories/​fat/​fibre/​protein/​vitamin D/​Omega-3 fatty acids
    • contain (no)/use/​be full of/​be free from additives/​chemical preservatives/​artificial sweeteners(不)含/使用/含有大量/不含添加剂/化学防腐剂/人工甜味剂
    • avoid/​cut down on/​cut out alcohol/​caffeine/​fatty foods避免摄取/减少/戒酒/咖啡因/高脂食物
    • stop/​give up/ (especially North American English) quit smoking戒烟
    Exercise 锻炼
    • (British English) take regular exercise经常锻炼
    • do moderate/​strenuous/​vigorous exercise做适度/剧烈运动
    • play football/​hockey/​tennis玩足球/曲棍球/网球
    • go cycling/​jogging/​running骑自行车;慢跑;跑步
    • go to/​visit/ (especially North American English) hit/​work out at the gym去健身房锻炼
    • strengthen/​tone/​train your stomach muscles增强/锻炼腹肌
    • contract/​relax/​stretch/​use/​work your lower-body muscles 收缩/放松/伸展/使用/锻炼下肢的肌肉
    • build (up)/gain muscle增强肌肉
    • improve/​increase your stamina/​energy levels/​physical fitness增强耐力/体能/体质
    • burn/​consume/​expend calories消耗热量
    Staying healthy保持健康
    • be/​get/​keep/​stay healthy/​in shape/(especially British English) fit 身体健康;变得/保持健康
    • lower your cholesterol/​blood pressure降低胆固醇/血压
    • boost/​stimulate/​strengthen your immune system增强免疫力
    • prevent/​reduce the risk of heart disease/​high blood pressure/​diabetes/​osteoporosis预防/减少患心脏病/高血压/糖尿病/骨质疏松的风险
    • reduce/​relieve/​manage/​combat stress 缓解/控制压力
    • enhance/​promote relaxation/​physical and mental well-being有助于身体放松/身心健康
    Culture licensing lawslicensing lawsThe sale of alcohol in Britain is controlled by licensing laws. These limit where, when and by whom alcohol may be sold. In order to open a pub or bar the owner must obtain the approval of the local authority, which must be satisfied that he or she is a suitable person to sell alcohol. If the application is approved, the owner obtains a licence to sell alcohol and becomes the licensee. The name of the licensee is displayed above the front door.Many pubs are licensed to sell alcohol for drinking on or off the premises (= in the pub or somewhere else). However, most people buy alcohol for drinking at home in a supermarket or an off-licence (= a shop that sells mainly alcohol). Shops and supermarkets have to obtain a licence, before they can sell alcohol. Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol, either in a pub or in a shop.The 2003 Licensing Act removed many of the previous limits on opening hours. Pubs can stay open as long as they like on any day, if they have the appropriate licence, but they are only allowed to sell alcohol during official opening hours. Most pubs open for a shorter time on Sundays.In the US there are local laws about when and where alcohol can be sold. Some towns are dry (= no alcohol can be sold there at all). In general, restaurants and bars need a licence to sell beer and wine. In some states alcohol for drinking at home is sold only in special liquor stores; in other places it is sold in any food shop. In some places alcohol may not be sold on certain days, for example Sundays, or Christmas Day.The US has strict laws to try to keep young people from coming into contact with alcohol. The drinking age (= the age at which a person can buy alcohol) is 21, and bars and liquor stores often ask customers for proof of age. In some places, people below 21 cannot work in, or even enter, bars or restaurants that serve alcohol. College students, especially, try to drink in bars by pretending to be older than they are. Young people who work in food shops may have to ask an older employee to serve a customer who wants to buy a bottle of wine. This is also the case in Britain.
    Extra Examples
    • I haven't touched a drop of alcohol for three weeks.我已经 3 个星期没沾一滴酒了。
    • Most drinkers do not abuse alcohol at all.大多数饮酒者并不酗酒。
    • People can find it hard to admit they have an alcohol problem.人们会发现承认自己存在酗酒问题很难。
    • You need to be careful how many units of alcohol you drink in a week.你需要注意你一个星期喝多少酒。
    • A drop of alcohol won't do you any harm.一滴酒不会对你有任何伤害。
    Topics Social issuesb1, Drinksb1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • excess
    • excessive
    • pure
    … of alcohol
    • drop
    • unit
    • bottle
    verb + alcohol
    • consume
    • drink
    • avoid
    alcohol + noun
    • content
    • level
    • consumption
    phrases
    • under the influence of alcohol
    See full entry
  2. the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc. and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc.酒精;乙醇
    • Wine contains about 10% alcohol.葡萄酒含有约 10% 的酒精。
    • The food and drink industry has responded to the demand for low- and no-alcohol drinks.食品和饮料行业对低酒精和无酒精饮料的需求做出了回应。
    • levels of alcohol in the blood血液中酒精含量
    • He was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol.他因酒后驾车而被捕。
    • He pleaded guilty to driving with excess alcohol.他对过量饮酒后驾车一事表示服罪。
    • low-alcohol beer酒精度低的啤酒
    • alcohol-free beer不含酒精的啤酒
    see also ethyl alcohol, rubbing alcohol
    Extra Examples
    • Is it possible for cars to run on pure alcohol?汽车能以纯酒精为燃料行驶吗?
    • It can take a long time for blood alcohol levels to fall.血液中的酒精浓度需要很长时间才能降下来。
    Topics Social issuesb1, Physics and chemistryb1, Drinksb1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • excess
    • excessive
    • pure
    … of alcohol
    • drop
    • unit
    • bottle
    verb + alcohol
    • consume
    • drink
    • avoid
    alcohol + noun
    • content
    • level
    • consumption
    phrases
    • under the influence of alcohol
    See full entry
  3. see also absolute alcohol
    Word Originmid 16th cent.: French (earlier form of alcool), or from medieval Latin, from Arabic al-kuḥl ‘the kohl’. In early use the term referred to powders, specifically kohl, and especially those obtained by sublimation, when a solid turns directly into a vapour upon heating; later ‘a distilled spirit’ (mid 17th cent.).

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