the quality of having a surface that is not even or regular 粗糙的;不平滑的;高低不平的 the roughness of the terrain 地形的崎岖不平 skin roughness 皮膚粗糙
treatment that is not gentle or careful 粗糙度: 不溫和或謹慎的治療His guard alternated from roughness and threats to leaving him alone. 他的防備時而粗暴,時而威脅,時而不理睬他。
the fact of having a lot of violence or crime 犯罪盛行的;充斥暴力的;危險的 the roughness of the streets 街道的粗糙
the fact of having large and dangerous waves 洶湧的;風浪很大的 the roughness of the sea 大海的波濤洶湧
the fact of being difficult or unpleasant synonym toughness粗糙度 the roughness of life in those hard times 那些艱難時期的艱苦生活