🔍 牛津詞典 🎯
🔍 朗文詞典
🔍 劍橋詞典
🔍 柯林斯詞典
🔍 麥美倫詞典
🔍 韋氏詞典

檢索以下詞典：
(Mr. Ng 不推薦使用 Google 翻譯！)
最近搜尋：
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522

damage

noun
 
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
Idioms
jump to other results
  1.  
     [uncountable] physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable（有形的）损坏，破坏，损失
    • serious/severe damage严重/严重损坏
    • The building suffered extensive damage by fire in 1925.这座建筑在 1925 年因火灾遭到了大面积的损毁。
    • permanent/irreparable/irreversible damage永久性/不可修复/不可逆转的损害
    • The accident caused no permanent damage.事故没有造成永久性损害。
    • She suffered minor brain damage at birth.她出生时脑部受到轻微损伤。
    • liver/nerve/kidney damage肝脏/神经/肾脏损伤
    • flood/storm/smoke/water/fire damage洪水/风暴/烟雾/水/火灾损失
    • damage to something The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 billion.地震造成的财产损失估计达60亿美元。
    • The storm didn't do much damage.暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
    • Industry could inflict further damage on the island's ecology.工业可能会对该岛的生态造成进一步的破坏。
    • It could take years to repair the damage.修复损坏可能需要数年时间。
    • Make sure you insure your camera against loss or damage.一定要给你的照相机投保，以防丢失或损坏。
    see also collateral damage, criminal damage
    Extra Examples
    • There is growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by cars.人们越来越意识到汽车对环境的破坏。
    • All three compounds caused substantial DNA damage. 这三种化合物都造成了实质性的DNA损伤。
    • He was prosecuted for criminal damage to a vehicle.他被控对汽车存在刑事损害。
    • In war, there is always collateral damage.战争中，总有附带损害。
    • At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage.损毁程度目前还很难估计。
    • Let's take a look at the damage.让我们看看损失情况吧。
    • I insist on paying for the damage.我坚持要赔偿损失。
    • Crops are sprayed with chemicals to prevent damage from insects.庄稼喷上了农药预防虫害。
    • The attempt at stopping the floods turned into a damage-limitation exercise.阻止洪水的奋战变成了一场尽可能控制损失的演练。
    • The insurance policy covers the building for accidental damage.这份保单承保这座建筑的意外毁损。
    • The power plant will cause untold damage to the local environment.电站将会对当地环境造成不可估量的损害。
    • The property damage is expected to exceed $10 billion. 财产损失预计超过100亿美元。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • considerable
    • enormous
    • great
    • …
    verb + damage
    • cause
    • do
    • inflict
    • …
    damage + verb
    • occur
    • result
    damage + noun
    • assessment
    • report
    • control
    • …
    preposition
    • damage by
    • damage from
    • damage to
    • …
    phrases
    • the cost of the damage
    • the damage is done
    • the extent of the damage
    • …
    See full entry
  2.  
     [uncountable] harmful effects on somebody/something损害；伤害
    • The children suffered psychological and emotional damage.孩子们遭受了心理和情感上的伤害。
    • irreparable/permanent/lasting damage不可挽回的/永久的/持久的损害
    • damage to somebody/something This could cause serious damage to the country's economy.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。
    • It will be hard to repair the damage to his reputation.对他名誉的损害将很难修复。
    • Don't you think you've done enough damage already?你不认为你已经造成了足够的伤害吗？
    Extra Examples
    • Don't try to apologize—the damage is done.别道歉了 － 已于事无补了。
    • Serious damage control was needed after the information was leaked to the papers.信息泄露给报界后，需要采取严格的损失控制措施。
    • The incident did permanent damage to relations between the two countries.这起事件对两国关系造成了永久的损害。
    • They inflicted severe psychological damage on their opponents.他们给对手造成了极大的心理伤害。
    Topics War and conflictb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • considerable
    • enormous
    • great
    • …
    verb + damage
    • cause
    • do
    • inflict
    • …
    damage + verb
    • occur
    • result
    damage + noun
    • assessment
    • report
    • control
    • …
    preposition
    • damage by
    • damage from
    • damage to
    • …
    phrases
    • the cost of the damage
    • the damage is done
    • the extent of the damage
    • …
    See full entry
  3. damages
     [plural] an amount of money that a court decides should be paid to somebody by the person, company, etc. that has caused them harm or injury（法院判定的）损害赔偿金
    • He was ordered to pay damages totalling £30 000.他被责令支付总额为 3 万英镑的损害赔偿金。
    • They intend to sue for damages.他们打算起诉，要求赔偿损失。
    • Ann was awarded £6 000 (in) damages.安被判予 6 000 英镑的损害赔偿金。
    • She was awarded damages of £6 000 .她获得了6 000英镑的赔偿金。
    see also punitive damages
    Extra Examples
    • A woman is to bring a civil damages claim against the two men.一名女子要对这两名男子提起民事赔偿诉讼。
    • He received damages for personal injury.他拿到了人身伤害赔偿金。
    • If goods are lost in transit, the carrier will be liable for damages.货物若在运输途中丢失，承运人有责任赔偿。
    • The court will assess the damages.法庭将会评定损失赔偿额。
    • The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.法官支持她向以前的雇主索赔。
    • damages incurred by the unfairly sacked workers不公平解雇工人引发的损害赔偿
    Topics Crime and punishmentc1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • civil
    • substantial
    • punitive
    • …
    verb + damages
    • incur
    • suffer
    • claim
    • …
    damages + noun
    • action
    • claim
    • award
    • …
    preposition
    • in damage
    • damage for
    • damage of
    • …
    phrases
    • an action for damages
    • a claim for damages
    See full entry
    4. Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French, from dam, damne ‘loss or damage’, from Latin damnum ‘loss or hurt’; compare with damn.
Idioms
what’s the damage?
  1. (informal) a way of asking how much something costs要花多少钱

damage

verb
 
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
he / she / it damages
/ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/
/ˈdæmɪdʒɪz/
past simple damaged
/ˈdæmɪdʒd/
/ˈdæmɪdʒd/
past participle damaged
/ˈdæmɪdʒd/
/ˈdæmɪdʒd/
-ing form damaging
/ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/
/ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/
jump to other results
  1. damage something/somebody to have a bad or harmful effect on something/somebody损害；伤害；毁坏；破坏
    • The church was badly damaged by the 1997 earthquake.这座教堂在1997年的地震中严重受损。
    • Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害人体健康。
    • to be severely/heavily damaged in the fire在火灾中严重受损
    • Our car was damaged beyond repair in the crash.我们的汽车在事故中损坏得无法修理。
    • She fears the allegations could permanently damage her reputation.她担心这些指控可能会永久损害她的声誉。
    • She was psychologically damaged by her experiences.她的经历给她造成了心理伤害。
    Extra Examples
    • A number of houses were damaged or destroyed by the fire.许多房屋被大火损坏或摧毁。
    • Injuries were minimal, but some business property was damaged. 受伤很少，但一些商业财产遭到破坏。
    • Damp has damaged some of the paintings irreparably.潮湿已经不可挽回地损坏了一些画。
    • The government has the power to fine companies that damage the environment.政府有权对破坏环境的公司进行罚款。
    • Many feel the organization's credibility has been damaged.许多人认为该组织的信誉受到了损害。
    Synonyms damagedamage
    • hurt
    • harm
    • impair
    These words all mean to have a bad effect on somebody/​something.
    • damage to cause physical harm to something, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on somebody/​something’s life, health, happiness or chances of success:
      • The fire badly damaged the town hall.火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
      • emotionally damaged children感情上受伤害的孩子
    • hurt (rather informal) to have a bad effect on somebody/​something’s life, health, happiness or chances of success:指伤害、损害：
      • Hard work never hurt anyone.努力工作绝无害处。
    • harm to have a bad effect on somebody/​something’s life, health, happiness or chances of success:
      • Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。
    damage, hurt or harm?用 damage、hurt 还是 harm？Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements: It won’t hurt him to have to wait a bit. • It won’t damage/​harm him to have to wait a bit. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity.
    • impair (rather formal) to damage somebody’s health, abilities or chances:指损害、削弱（健康、能力或机会）：
      • Even one drink can impair driving performance.即使一杯酒也可能影响驾驶操作。
    Patterns
    • to damage/​hurt/​harm/​impair somebody’s chances
    • to damage/​hurt/​harm somebody’s interests/​reputation
    • to damage/​harm/​impair somebody’s health
    • to seriously/​greatly damage/​hurt/​harm/​impair somebody/​something
    • to badly/​severely damage/​hurt/​impair somebody/​something
    Collocations InjuriesInjuries身体损伤Being injured受伤
    • have a fall/​an injury跌了一跤；受伤
    • receive/​suffer/​sustain a serious injury/​a hairline fracture/(especially British English) whiplash/​a gunshot wound受重伤／轻微骨裂／鞭伤／枪伤
    • hurt/​injure your ankle/​back/​leg伤到脚踝／背／大腿
    • damage the brain/​an ankle ligament/​your liver/​the optic nerve/​the skin损伤大脑／脚踝韧带／肝脏／视神经／皮肤
    • pull/​strain/​tear a hamstring/​ligament/​muscle/​tendon拉伤腘绳肌腱／韧带／肌肉／肌腱
    • sprain/​twist your ankle/​wrist扭伤脚踝／手腕
    • break a bone/​your collarbone/​your leg/​three ribs骨折；锁骨／大腿／三根肋骨骨折
    • fracture/​crack your skull头盖骨破裂
    • break/​chip/​knock out/​lose a tooth碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉／掉了一颗牙
    • burst/​perforate your eardrum使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
    • dislocate your finger/​hip/​jaw/​shoulder使手指／臀部／下巴／肩膀脱臼
    • bruise/​cut/​graze your arm/​knee/​shoulder擦伤／割破／擦破手臂／膝盖／肩膀
    • burn/​scald yourself/​your tongue烧伤／烫伤自己／舌头
    • bang/​bump/​hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/​head/​knee (on/​against something)（在某物上）撞到肘部／头／膝盖
    Treating injuries治疗伤病
    • treat somebody for burns/​a head injury/​a stab wound给某人治疗烧伤／头部伤／刺伤
    • examine/​clean/​dress/​bandage/​treat a bullet wound检查／清洗／包扎／用绷带包扎／治疗枪伤
    • repair a damaged/​torn ligament/​tendon/​cartilage修复损伤的／拉伤的韧带／肌腱／软骨
    • amputate/​cut off an arm/​a finger/​a foot/​a leg/​a limb截去一只胳膊／一根手指／一只脚／一条腿；截肢
    • put on/ (formal) apply/​take off (especially North American English) a Band-Aid™/(British English) a plaster/​a bandage贴上／使用／撕掉创可贴；缠上／使用／解掉绷带
    • need/​require/​put in/ (especially British English) have (out)/ (North American English) get (out) stitches需要缝针；缝针；拆线
    • put on/​rub on/ (formal) apply cream/​ointment/​lotion涂抹护肤霜／药膏／护肤液
    • have/​receive/​undergo (British English) physiotherapy/(North American English) physical therapy接受物理疗法
    Topics War and conflictb1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb
    • badly
    • heavily
    • seriously
    • …
    See full entry
    Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French, from dam, damne ‘loss or damage’, from Latin damnum ‘loss or hurt’; compare with damn.
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun¹

 1harm/injury危害；損傷ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGE | DAMAGE + VERB | DAMAGE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, massive, serious, severe, significant, substantial, untold重大的損害；嚴重的損害；不可估量的損害◇The power plant will cause untold damage to the local environment.電站將會對當地環境造成不可估量的損害。➤minimal, minor, slight最小的／較小的／輕微的損害▸➤extensive, widespread大範圍的破壞；大面積的損害▸➤irreparable, irreversible, lasting, long-term, permanent不可彌補的／無法挽回的／持久的／長期的／永久的損害◇The incident did permanent damage to relations between the two countries.這起事件對兩國關係造成了永久的損害。➤potential潛在的損害▸➤criminal, malicious, wilful (all BrE, law法律) 刑事損害；蓄意損毀◇He was prosecuted for criminal damage to a vehicle.他被控對汽車存在刑事損害。➤accidental意外損害◇The insurance policy covers the building for accidental damage.這份保單承保這座建築的意外毀損。➤emotional, environmental, mechanical, physical, psychological, structural感情傷害；環境破壞；機械損傷；身體傷害；精神傷害；結構損壞▸➤brain, liver, nerve, etc.腦部、肝臟、神經等損傷◇She suffered serious brain damage at birth.她出生時腦部嚴重損傷。➤property財產損失▸➤collateral附帶傷害VERB + DAMAGE➤cause, do, inflict引起損害；造成損傷；加以傷害◇The earthquake caused widespread damage to property.地震造成了大範圍的財產損失。◇They inflicted severe psychological damage on their opponents.他們給對手造成了極大的心理傷害。➤suffer, sustain遭受破壞；蒙受損失▸➤repair彌補損失▸➤pay for賠償損失▸➤assess評估損失▸➤avoid, prevent避免／防止損失▸➤limit, minimize, reduce限制／最大限度減少／減少損失DAMAGE + VERB➤occur, result損失發生／產生DAMAGE + NOUN➤assessment, report損失評估／報告➤control, limitation (especially BrE) 損失控制／限制◇Serious damage control was needed after the information was leaked to the papers.信息泄露給報界後，需要採取嚴格的損失控制措施。◇The attempt at stopping the floods turned into a damage-limitation exercise.阻止洪水的奮戰變成了一場盡可能控制損失的演練。PREPOSITION➤damage by由⋯引起的損害◇The building suffered extensive damage by fire in 1925.這座建築在 1925 年因火災遭到了大面積的損毀。➤damage from來自⋯的傷害◇Crops are sprayed with chemicals to prevent damage from insects.莊稼噴上了農藥預防蟲害。➤damage to對⋯的破壞◇lasting damage to the environment對環境的持久破壞PHRASES➤the cost of the damage損失的代價◇The cost of the damage is estimated at around $2 billion.損失估計約有 20 億美元。➤the damage is done事已至此（已無法挽回）◇Don't try to apologize－the damage is done.別道歉了 － 已於事無補了。➤the extent of the damage損害的程度◇At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage.損毀程度目前還很難估計。
damage

noun²

 2damages money you can claim from sb損害賠償金ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGES | DAMAGES + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤civil民事賠償金▸➤substantial巨額賠償金➤punitive懲罰性損害賠償金VERB + DAMAGES➤incur, suffer引發／遭受損害賠償◇damages incurred by the unfairly sacked workers不公平解雇工人引發的損害賠償➤claim, seek, sue (sb) for索賠；尋求賠償；起訴（某人）要求賠償◇He decided to sue the company for damages.他決定起訴這家公司要求賠償損失。➤assess確定賠償額◇The court will assess the damages.法庭將會評定損失賠償額。➤award (sb)判給（某人）損害賠償金▸➤pay (sb)賠償（某人）損失▸➤obtain, receive, recover, win獲得損害賠償金；收到損害賠償金▸➤be liable for, be liable in (BrE, both law法律) 有責任賠償損失◇If goods are lost in transit, the carrier will be liable for damages.貨物若在運輸途中丟失，承運人有責任賠償。DAMAGES + NOUN➤action, claim損害賠償訴訟；索賠◇A woman is to bring a civil damages claim against the two men.一名女子要對這兩名男子提起民事賠償訴訟。➤award損害賠償金裁決PREPOSITION➤in damage以賠償金形式◇They are claiming $5 million in damages.他們索賠 500 萬美元損失費。➤damage for為⋯的賠償◇He received damages for personal injury.他拿到了人身傷害賠償金。➤damage of⋯的賠償金◇She was awarded damages of £90 000.她得到 9 萬英鎊的賠償金。PHRASES➤an action for damages, a claim for damages索賠訴訟；索賠◇The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.法官支持她向以前的雇主索賠。
damage

verb

ADVERB➤badly, heavily, seriously, severely嚴重破壞◇The building was badly damaged by fire.這座建築遭到大火嚴重破壞。➤slightly輕微破壞▸➤irreparably, permanently不可彌補地破壞；永久性地破壞◇She may have damaged her health irreparably.她可能已經對自己的健康造成了不可彌補的傷害。
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun

damage ♦︎ harm ♦︎ detrimentThese are all words for the bad effects on sb/sth of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event. 这些词均表示不幸事件造成的伤害、损害。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆damage / harm / detriment to sth◆damage / harm from sth◆great / serious / severe / lasting / long-term / environmental damage / harm / detriment◆real / irreparable / permanent / physical / bodily / personal / emotional / psychological damage / harm◆to cause / do / inflict / suffer / escape / prevent damage / harm◆damage / harm results from sth■ damage [uncountable] the fact of sth being broken or spoiled, or the pain or suffering felt by sb, as a result of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event 破坏；损害；伤害◆The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $60 million.估计地震造成6 000万元的财产损失。◆We assessed the storm damage.我们估算了暴风雨所造成的损失。◆He was hit by a car and suffered severe brain damage.他被汽车撞了，脑部严重受伤。◆I insist on paying for the damage.我坚持要赔偿损失。◆I'm going－I've done enough damage here already.我走了，我在这里造成的损害已经够多了。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ harm [uncountable] damage or suffering caused to sb/sth 伤害；损害◆The accident could have been worse; luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成损伤。◆The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗反而使他病情加重了。◆Hard work never did anyone any harm.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆He may look fierce, but he means no harm.他也许看上去很凶，但并无恶意。◆Don't worry, we'll see that the children come to no harm.别担心，我们会保证孩子们安然无恙。◆I prefer the children to play in the garden where they're out of harm's way.我比较喜欢让孩子在花园里玩耍，因为那里安全。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage or harm?Use damage to talk about the effects of storms, floods, fire, etc. on buildings and other objects. 表示暴风雨、洪水、火灾等给建筑物或其他物体造成的破坏用damage◆storm / flood / fire / smoke / bomb / structural damage暴风雨／洪水破坏；火灾损失；烟雾熏坏；炸弹毁坏；结构破坏Use damage to talk about the physical state of unhealthy organs in the body. 表示体内器官受损用damage◆liver / kidney / lung / brain damage肝／肾／肺／脑损伤Use damage or harm to talk about mental or emotional suffering. 表示精神或感情上受伤害用damage或harm◆emotional / psychological / social damage / harm感情／心理／社会伤害Use harm in a number of fixed phrases (see above) to express opinions about what or who may cause harm, or whether harm has been caused. * harm用于一些固定短语（如上），表达认为什么（或谁）可能造成伤害，或是否已经造成伤害。 ■ detriment ˈdetrɪmənt [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (formal) the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage 伤害；损害；造成伤害（或损害）的事物◆Wood accounts for 90% of energy production in some countries, with consequent environmental detriment.有些国家90%的能源产自木材，因而给环境造成了破坏。◆He was engrossed in the job to the detriment of his health.他全力投入工作，结果损害了健康。◆The tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people's living standards.征收该税势必会影响到大众的生活水平。  see also detrimental ⇨ harmful damage

verb

damage ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ harm ♦︎ impair ♦︎ compromiseThese words all mean to have a bad effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示伤害或损害某人或某事物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb's chances◆to damage / hurt / harm / compromise sb's reputation◆to damage / hurt / harm sb's interests / image◆to damage / harm / impair / compromise sb's health◆to seriously damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb / sth◆to greatly damage / hurt / harm / impair sb / sth◆to severely / badly damage / hurt / impair sb / sth■ damage [transitive] to cause physical harm to sth, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 破坏；毁坏；损害；伤害◆Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.数辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。◆Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。◆The allegations are likely to damage his political career.这些指控很可能损害他的政治生涯。◆He works with emotionally damaged children.他的工作是帮助有情感创伤的儿童。   see also damaging ⇨ harmful ■ hurt (hurt, hurt) [transitive] (rather informal) to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 损害；伤害；打击◆Many people on low incomes will be hurt by the government's plans.很多低收入者将会受到政府这些方案的打击。◆Hard work never hurt anyone.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。◆High interest rates are hurting the local economy.高利率正在损害本地经济。■ harm [transitive] to hurt sb/sth 伤害；损害◆Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。◆These revelations will harm her chances of winning the election.这些揭露的事实将削弱她在选举中的胜算。   see also harmful ⇨ harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage, hurt or harm? Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements. 与damage或harm相比，hurt稍显非正式，特别是用于否定陈述时◆It won't hurt him to have to wait a bit.等一小会儿对他不会有什么损害。◆These prices won't hurt your wallet.这些价格不会令你的荷包大出血。◆It won't damage/harm him to have to wait a bit. ◆These prices won't damage/harm your wallet. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as birds, animals, wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity; people also talk about how an action may harm an unborn child/baby or a foetus. * harm后常接bird、animal、wildlife和environment等词，表示人类活动对自然界中生物和环境的影响；也可接unborn child/baby或foetus等词，表示某种行为危害胎儿。 ■ impair ɪmˈpeə(r); NAmE ɪmˈper [transitive] (rather formal) to damage sb's health, abilities or chances 损害；削弱◆There are a number of factors which can directly impair memory.有一些因素会直接损害记忆力。◆Even one drink can impair driving performance.即使喝一杯酒也足以影响驾驶操作。OPP improve ⇨ improve 1 ▸ impaired

adjective

 (used in compounds 用于复合词) ◆the problems faced by people who are visually / hearing impaired视力／听力受损的人所面临的问题■ compromise ˈkɒmprəmaɪz; NAmE ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz [transitive] to bring sb/sth/yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible （尤指因行为不很明智）使陷入危险，使受到怀疑◆She has already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.她接受他的邀请，已经使她的声誉受到损害。◆Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.在这个阶段受挫会让他们进入决赛的机会变少。
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage
Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...
Psychological processes: catharsis, complex, conditioning...
Faults: fault, defect, weakness...
Punishments outside of prison: approved premises, bail, bail hostel...
To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...
To have a bad effect, or to reduce a good effect: damage, spoil, harm...

👨🏻‍🏫 Mr. Ng 牛津詞典 📚 – oxford.mister5️⃣.net
切換為繁體中文
Site Uptime