should
modal verb-
used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing somebody’s actions （尤用于纠正别人）应该，应当 -
used for giving or asking for advice （提出或征询建议）该，可以 You should stop worrying about it. 你该不用再为此事担忧了。 Should I call him and apologize? 我是不是应该打电话向他道歉？ I should wait a little longer, if I were you. 假如我是你的话，我会再等一会儿。 - (ironic)
‘She doesn't think she'll get a job.’ ‘She should worry, with all her qualifications (= she does not need to worry).’ “她担心找不到工作。” “她那么好的条件，还担心什么呀。”
Grammar Point should / ought / had bettershould / ought / had betterTopics Suggestions and advicea2- Should and ought to are both used to say that something is the best thing or the right thing to do, but should is much more common:
should 和 ought to 均用以表示应该做某事，不过 should 常用得多： You should take the baby to the doctor’s. 你应该把这婴儿带去看看医生。 I ought to give up smoking. 我应该戒烟。
在疑问句中，通常用 should 而不是 ought to： Should we call the doctor? 我们叫医生来好吗？
- Had better can also be used to say what is the best thing to do in a situation that is happening now:
had better 亦可用以表示在目前状况下最好做某事： We’d better hurry or we’ll miss the train. 我们最好快点，否则就赶不上火车了。
- You form the past by using should have or ought to have:
过去时用 should have 或 ought to have 构成： She should have asked for some help. 她本应该请求帮助的。 You ought to have been more careful. 你本应该更小心一点的。
- The forms should not or shouldn’t (and ought not to or oughtn’t to, which are rare in North American English and formal in British English) are used to say that something is a bad idea or the wrong thing to do:
should not 或 shouldn't（以及在美式英语中很少见，在英式英语中为正式用法的 ought not to 或 oughtn't to）表示不应该： You shouldn’t drive so fast. 你不应该把车开得这么快。
- The forms should not have or shouldn’t have and, much less frequently, ought not to have or oughtn’t to have are used to talk about the past:
should not have 或 shouldn't have 以及很少用的 ought not to have 或 oughtn't to have 均用于指过去： I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have lost my temper. 对不起，我不该发脾气。
-
used to say that you expect something is true or will happen （表示预期）应该会，可能 -
used to say that something that was expected has not happened （表示与预期相反）本应，本当 -
used as the past form of shall when reporting what somebody has said （在间接引语中用作 shall 的过去时） - (British English)
used after that when something is suggested or arranged （用于 that 引导的、表示建议或安排的从句中） She recommended that I should take some time off. 她建议我应该休息一段时间。 In order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically. 为使培训有成效，必须有系统的计划。
-
used with I and we to give opinions that you are not certain about （与 I 和 we 连用，表示没有把握） I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我想得用差不多三个小时吧。 ‘Is this enough food for everyone?’ ‘I should think so.’ “这些食物够所有人吃吗？” “我觉得够了吧。” ‘Will it matter?’ ‘I shouldn't think so.’ “这有关系吗？” “我觉得没有吧。”
used for expressing strong agreement （表示十分赞同） ‘I know it's expensive but it will last for years.’ ‘I should hope so too!’ “我知道价钱贵，但能用好多年。” “我也是这么想的！” ‘Nobody will oppose it.’ ‘I should think not!’ “谁也不会反对的。” “我想也是！”
- why, how, who, what should somebody/something do
used to refuse something or to show that you are annoyed at a request; used to express surprise about an event or a situation （表示拒绝、恼怒或惊奇） used to tell somebody that something would surprise them or make them laugh if they saw or experienced it （表示假如对方看见或经历某事物，一定会感兴趣或吃惊）真该，真应当 Grammar Point should / wouldshould / would- In modern English, the traditional difference between should and would in reported sentences, conditions, requests, etc. has disappeared and should is not used very much at all. In spoken English the short form ’d is usually used:
在现代英语中，should 和 would 在间接引述中、在表示条件、请求等句子中的传统区别已不复存在；should 基本上不怎么用。在口语中常用简约式 'd 表示： I said I’d (I would) be late. 我说我要迟到了。 He’d (he would) have liked to have been an actor. 他本来想当演员。 I’d (I would) really prefer tea. 我倒是更喜欢喝茶。
- The main use of should now is to tell somebody what they ought to do, to give advice, or to add emphasis:
现在 should 主要用于告诉某人应该做什么、给予忠告或加强语气： We should really go and visit them soon. 我们的确应该马上去看看他们。 You should have seen it! 你应该看见的！
Grammar Point modal verbsmodal verbs- The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. Dare, need, have to and used to also share some of the features of modal verbs.
can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would 均为情态动词。dare、need、have to 和 used to 亦具有情态动词的某些特性。 - Modal verbs have only one form. They have no -ing or -ed forms and do not add -s to the 3rd person singular form:
情态动词只有一种形式，没有 -ing 或 -ed 形式，第三人称单数也不加 -s： He can speak three languages. 他会说三种语言。 She will try and visit tomorrow. 她明天将设法去参观。
- Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb without to. The exceptions are ought to, have to and used to:
情态动词后跟不带 to 的动词不定式，但 ought to、have to 和 used to 例外： You must find a job. 你必须找到一份工作。 You ought to stop smoking. 你应当戒烟。 I used to smoke but I gave up two years ago. 我过去抽烟，但两年前就戒了。
- Questions are formed without do/does in the present, or did in the past:
疑问句现在时不用 do/does，过去时不用 did： Can I invite Mary? 我可以邀请玛丽吗？ Should I have invited Mary? 我本该邀请玛丽吗？
- Negative sentences are formed with not or the short form -n’t and do not use do/does or did.
否定句用 not 或简约式 -n't，不用 do/does 或 did。
情态动词的不同用法可参考本词典里各情态动词词条。 - In modern English, the traditional difference between should and would in reported sentences, conditions, requests, etc. has disappeared and should is not used very much at all. In spoken English the short form ’d is usually used:
used after that after many adjectives that describe feelings （用于许多表示感情的形容词后的 that 从句中） - (British English, formal)
used with I and we in polite requests （与 I 和 we 连用，表示客气地请求） - (British English, formal)
used after I or we instead of would for describing what you would do if something else happened first （与 I 或 we 连用代替 would，表示虚拟结果）就将 - (formal)
used to refer to a possible event or situation （表示可能）假如，万一
Word OriginOld English sceolde: past of shall.