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IELTS BNC: 2851 COCA: 2599

refugee

noun
/ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/
/ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/
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  1. a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons避难者;逃亡者;难民
    • There has been a steady flow of refugees from the war zone.从交战地区撤出的难民源源不断。
    • political/economic refugees政治避难者;由于经济危机而造成的难民
    • a refugee camp难民营
    Collocations Race and immigrationRace and immigration种族与移民Prejudice and racism偏见与种族歧视
    • experience/​encounter racism/​discrimination/​prejudice/​anti-semitism经历/遭遇种族歧视/歧视/偏见/反犹太主义
    • face/​suffer persecution/​discrimination面临/遭受迫害/歧视
    • fear/​escape from/​flee racial/​political/​religious persecution惧怕/逃离种族/政治/宗教迫害
    • constitute/​be a form of racial/​race discrimination构成/是一种种族歧视
    • reflect/​reveal/​show/​have a racial/​cultural bias反映出/揭示出/表现出/具有种族/文化偏见
    • be biased/​be prejudiced against (especially British English) black people/(both especially North American English) people of color/​African Americans/​Asians/​Africans/​Indians, etc.对黑人/有色人种/非裔美国人/亚洲人/非洲人/印度人等有偏见
    • discriminate against minority groups/​minorities歧视少数群体/少数民族
    • perpetuate/​conform to/​fit/​defy a common/​popular/​traditional/​negative stereotype固守/遵从/符合/藐视普遍的/流行的/传统的/负面的模式化观念
    • overcome/​be blinded by deep-seated/​racial/(especially North American English) race prejudice克服根深蒂固的/种族的偏见;被根深蒂固的/种族的偏见所蒙蔽
    • entrench/​perpetuate racist attitudes固守种族主义的态度
    • hurl/​shout (especially British English) racist abuse; (especially North American English) a racist/​racial/​ethnic slur高声地进行种族污辱
    • challenge/​confront racism/​discrimination/​prejudice拒绝接受/对抗种族主义/歧视/偏见
    • combat/​fight (against)/tackle blatant/​overt/​covert/​subtle/​institutional/​systemic racism打压/反对/处理公然的/公开的/隐蔽的/微妙的/制度性的种族歧视
    Race and society种族和社会
    • damage/​improve (especially British English) race relations破坏/改善种族关系
    • practise (racial/​religious) tolerance/​segregation
    • bridge/​break down/​transcend cultural/​racial barriers消除/打破/超越文化/种族隔阂
    • encourage/​promote social integration鼓励/促进社会融合
    • outlaw/​end discrimination/​slavery/​segregation取缔/终止歧视/奴隶制/种族隔离
    • promote/​embrace/​celebrate cultural diversity促进/欣然接纳/颂扬文化多样性
    • conform to/​challenge/​violate (accepted/​established/​prevailing/​dominant) social/​cultural norms遵循/挑战/违背(公认的/确立的/盛行的/占支配地位的)社会/文化规范
    • live in a multicultural society生活在多元文化社会
    • attack/​criticize multiculturalism攻击/批评多元文化主义
    • fight for/​struggle for/​promote racial equality为种族平等而斗争;促进种族平等
    • perpetuate/​reinforce economic and social inequality延续/加剧经济和社会的不平等
    • introduce/​be for/​be against (British English) positive discrimination/(especially North American English) affirmative action推行/支持/反对积极性区别对待政策
    • support/​be active in/​play a leading role in the civil rights movement支持/积极参与/领导民权运动
    Immigration移居
    • control/​restrict/​limit/​encourage immigration控制/限制/鼓励外来移民
    • attract/​draw a wave of immigrants吸引一批外来移民
    • assist/​welcome refugees援助/欣然接受难民
    • house/​shelter refugees and asylum seekers安置/庇护难民和寻求政治避难者
    • smuggle illegal immigrants into the UK偷运非法移民到英国
    • deport/​repatriate illegal immigrants/​failed asylum seekers驱逐/遣返非法移民/寻求政治避难失败者
    • assimilate/​integrate new immigrants同化/融合新移民
    • employ/​hire migrant workers雇用流动工人
    • exploit/​rely on (cheap/​illegal) immigrant labour
    • apply for/​gain/​obtain/​be granted/​be denied (full) citizenship申请/获得/准予/未准予(完全的)公民身份
    • have/​hold dual citizenship持有双重国籍
    Collocations War and peaceWar and peace战争与和平Starting a war开战
    • declare/​make/​wage war (on somebody/​something)(向…)宣战/挑起战争/发动战争
    • go to war (against/​with somebody)(向…)开战
    • cause/​spark/​provoke/​foment/​quell unrest引起/平息骚乱
    • incite/​lead/​crush/​suppress a revolt/​rebellion煽动/领导/镇压起义/叛乱
    • launch/​mount/​carry out a surprise/​terrorist attack发起/实施突然/恐怖袭击
    • prevent/​halt/​represent an escalation of the conflict防止/阻止/表明冲突升级
    • be torn apart by/​be on the brink of civil war被内战搞得四分五裂;濒于内战
    • enter/​invade/​occupy somebody’s territory进入/侵略/占领某人的领土
    • lead/​launch/​resist/​repel an invasion领导/发起/抵制/击退武装入侵
    Military operations军事行动
    • adopt/​develop/​implement/​pursue a military strategy采用/发展/实施/执行军事战略
    • carry out/​execute/​perform military operations/​manoeuvres
    • send/​deploy/​station/​pull back/​withdraw troops派遣/部署/派驻/撤回部队
    • go on/​fly/​carry out a reconnaissance/​rescue mission进行/驾机执行/执行侦察/营救任务
    • train/​equip/​deploy army/​military/​combat units训练/装备/部署陆军/军事/作战分队
    • lead/​launch/​conduct a raid/​a surprise attack/​an (air/​airborne/​amphibious) assault (on somebody)领导/发起/实施(对某人的)突然袭击/(空中/空投部队/登陆)攻击
    • employ/​use guerrilla tactics采用游击战术
    • conduct/​wage biological/​guerrilla warfare进行/发动生物战/游击战
    • fight/​crush/​defeat the rebels/​the insurgency设法战胜/镇压/挫败叛乱者/叛乱
    • suffer/​inflict a crushing defeat遭受惨败;大获全胜
    • achieve/​win a decisive victory赢得决定性的胜利
    • halt/​stop the British/​German/​Russian advance阻止英国/德国/俄罗斯的前进
    • order/​force a retreat命令/强迫撤退
    Fighting作战
    • join/​serve in the army/​navy/​air force加入陆军/海军/空军;在陆军/海军/空军部队服役
    • be/​go/​remain/​serve on active duty在服现役
    • serve/​complete/​return from a tour of duty在服役;服役完毕;服役归来
    • be sent to the front (line)被派往前线
    • attack/​strike/​engage/​defeat/​kill/​destroy the enemy袭击/攻击敌人;与敌人交战;击败/杀死/消灭敌人
    • see/​report/​be engaged in heavy fighting目睹/报道/参与激战
    • call for/​be met with armed resistance要求/遭遇武装抵抗
    • come under heavy/​machine-gun/​mortar fire冒着激烈的/机关枪的/迫击炮的射击
    • fire a machine-gun/​mortar shells/​rockets (at somebody/​something)(对…)发射机关枪/迫击炮弹/火箭弹
    • shoot a rifle/​a pistol/​bullets/​missiles步枪/手枪射击;发射子弹/导弹
    • launch/​fire a cruise/​ballistic/​anti-tank missile发射巡航/弹道/反坦克导弹
    • use biological/​chemical/​nuclear weapons使用生物/化学/核武器
    • inflict/​suffer/​sustain heavy losses/​casualties遭受惨重损失/伤亡
    • be hit/​killed by enemy/​friendly/​artillery fire被敌军/友军/炮火击中/射死
    • become/​be held as a prisoner of war成为战俘;作为战俘被监禁
    Civilians in war战争中的平民
    • harm/​kill/​target/​protect innocent/​unarmed civilians伤害/杀死/瞄准/保护无辜的/手无寸铁的平民
    • cause/​avoid/​limit/​minimize civilian casualties/​collateral damage导致/避免/限制/最大限度减少平民伤亡/附带性破坏
    • impose/​enforce/​lift a curfew强制实行/解除宵禁
    • engage in/​be a victim of ethnic cleansing参与种族清洗;成为种族清洗的受害者
    • be sent to an internment/​a concentration camp被送到俘虏拘留营/集中营
    • accept/​house/​resettle refugees fleeing from war接受/收容/安置战争难民
    • fear/​threaten military/​violent reprisals害怕/扬言要军事/暴力报复
    • commit/​be accused of war crimes/​crimes against humanity/​genocide犯/被指控犯战争罪/反人类罪/种族灭绝罪
    Making peace和解
    • make/​bring/​win/​achieve/​maintain/​promote peace促使/带来/赢得/实现/保持/促进和平
    • call for/​negotiate/​broker/​declare a ceasefire/​a temporary truce要求/商谈/协商/宣布停战/暂时休战
    • sign a ceasefire agreement签署停战协议
    • call for/​bring/​put an end to hostilities要求发动/引发/结束战争
    • demand/​negotiate/​accept the surrender of somebody/​something强烈要求/商讨/接受…投降
    • establish/​send (in) a peacekeeping force建立/派遣维和部队
    • negotiate/​conclude/​ratify/​sign/​accept/​reject/​break/​violate a peace treaty商讨/达成/正式批准/签署/接受/拒绝/破坏/违反和平协定
    Synonyms immigrantimmigrant
    • migrant
    • refugee
    • asylum seeker
    • expatriate
    These words all describe people who have moved to a different country.
    • immigrant a person who has either chosen or been forced to leave their country and come to live permanently in a country that is not their own:
      • immigrants from other European countries来自其他欧洲国家的移民
    • migrant a person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions:
      • The country has a large seasonal migrant population.这个国家有大量季节性移民人口。
    • refugee a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons:
      • There has been a steady flow of refugees from the war zone.从交战地区撤出的难民源源不断。
    • asylum seeker a person who has been forced to leave their own country because they are in danger and who arrives in another country asking to be allowed to stay there:
      • to provide accommodation and support for asylum seekers为寻求庇护者提供住宿和支持
    • expatriate a person living in a country that is not their own, usually by choice:
      • American expatriates in Paris居住在巴黎的美国人
    immigrant, migrant, refugee or asylum seeker?An immigrant has either chosen or been forced to leave their own country and move to another. A refugee has been forced to leave their own country. An asylum seeker has been forced to leave their own country and has arrived in another country asking to be allowed to stay. A migrant moves to another country, or within their own country, especially to find work or better living conditions. Patterns
    • illegal/undocumented immigrants/​migrants
    • economic/skilled migrants
    • political refugees
    Extra Examples
    • A flood of displaced refugees fled west.大批背井离乡的难民像潮水般向西边逃难。
    • He does not qualify for refugee status.他不符合难民资格。
    • He was born in a refugee camp.他出生于难民营。
    • Hundreds of refugees are pouring over the border.成百上千的难民涌过边境。
    • Many claimed to be environmental refugees, leaving for the sake of their health.很多人都自称是因为健康原因而离开的环境难民。
    • Only nine per cent were found to be genuine political refugees.只有9% 的人得到证实是真正的政治难民。
    • She has been refused refugee status.她被拒绝给予难民身分。
    • The Home Office has refused him refugee status.内政部拒绝给予他难民身分。
    • The government has agreed to take only 150 refugees plus their dependants.政府承诺只收留150 名难民及家属。
    • The refugee flows alone would be a huge upheaval.单是难民潮问题就会带来很大的动荡。
    • They should be considered economic refugees.他们应该被视为经济难民。
    • Those who did not qualify as refugees were returned to their home countries.那些不符合难民资格的人被遣返回国了。
    • Unemployment among the refugees has risen sharply.难民失业率飙升。
    • a new influx of refugees from the combat zone来自交战地区的新一批难民
    • refugees displaced by the civil war由于内战而流离失所的难民
    • refugees fleeing political persecution逃避政治迫害的避难者
    • refugees from civil wars由于内战而产生的难民
    • refugees living in camps along the border住在边境难民营里的人
    • the government's strategy in dealing with would-be refugees政府处理未来难民的策略
    • Several thousand refugees are reported to have fled to the eastern border.据报道,几千名难民逃到了东部边境。
    • The country has a long tradition of giving asylum to political refugees.这个国家有向政治难民提供庇护的悠久传统。
    Topics War and conflictb2, Social issuesb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • genuine
    • would-be
    • former
    verb + refugee
    • qualify as
    • be considered (as)
    • accept
    refugee + verb
    • flee something
    • be displaced
    • arrive
    refugee + noun
    • crisis
    • issue
    • problem
    preposition
    • among refugee
    • refugee from
    phrases
    • a flood of refugees
    • a influx of refugees
    • the flow of refugees
    See full entry
    Word Originlate 17th cent.: from French réfugié ‘gone in search of refuge’, past participle of (se) réfugier, from refuge, from Latin refugium, from Latin re- ‘back’ + fugere ‘flee’.

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