a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons 避难者；逃亡者；难民 There has been a steady flow of refugees from the war zone. 从交战地区撤出的难民源源不断。 political/economic refugees 政治避难者；由于经济危机而造成的难民 a refugee camp 难民营
Collocations Race and immigrationRace and immigration 种族与移民 Prejudice and racism 偏见与种族歧视 - experience/encounter racism/discrimination/prejudice/anti-semitism
经历／遭遇种族歧视／歧视／偏见／反犹太主义 - face/suffer persecution/discrimination
面临／遭受迫害／歧视 - fear/escape from/flee racial/political/religious persecution
惧怕／逃离种族／政治／宗教迫害 - constitute/be a form of racial/race discrimination
构成／是一种种族歧视 - reflect/reveal/show/have a racial/cultural bias
反映出／揭示出／表现出／具有种族／文化偏见 - be biased/be prejudiced against (especially British English) black people/(both especially North American English) people of color/African Americans/Asians/Africans/Indians, etc.
对黑人／有色人种／非裔美国人／亚洲人／非洲人／印度人等有偏见 - discriminate against minority groups/minorities
歧视少数群体／少数民族 - perpetuate/conform to/fit/defy a common/popular/traditional/negative stereotype
固守／遵从／符合／藐视普遍的／流行的／传统的／负面的模式化观念 - overcome/be blinded by deep-seated/racial/(especially North American English) race prejudice
克服根深蒂固的／种族的偏见；被根深蒂固的／种族的偏见所蒙蔽 - entrench/perpetuate racist attitudes
固守种族主义的态度 - hurl/shout (especially British English) racist abuse; (especially North American English) a racist/racial/ethnic slur
高声地进行种族污辱 - challenge/confront racism/discrimination/prejudice
拒绝接受／对抗种族主义／歧视／偏见 - combat/fight (against)/tackle blatant/overt/covert/subtle/institutional/systemic racism
打压／反对／处理公然的／公开的／隐蔽的／微妙的／制度性的种族歧视
Race and society 种族和社会 - damage/improve (especially British English) race relations
破坏／改善种族关系 - practise (racial/religious) tolerance/segregation
- bridge/break down/transcend cultural/racial barriers
消除／打破／超越文化／种族隔阂 - encourage/promote social integration
鼓励／促进社会融合 - outlaw/end discrimination/slavery/segregation
取缔／终止歧视／奴隶制／种族隔离 - promote/embrace/celebrate cultural diversity
促进／欣然接纳／颂扬文化多样性 - conform to/challenge/violate (accepted/established/prevailing/dominant) social/cultural norms
遵循／挑战／违背（公认的／确立的／盛行的／占支配地位的）社会／文化规范 - live in a multicultural society
生活在多元文化社会 - attack/criticize multiculturalism
攻击／批评多元文化主义 - fight for/struggle for/promote racial equality
为种族平等而斗争；促进种族平等 - perpetuate/reinforce economic and social inequality
延续／加剧经济和社会的不平等 - introduce/be for/be against (British English) positive discrimination/(especially North American English) affirmative action
推行／支持／反对积极性区别对待政策 - support/be active in/play a leading role in the civil rights movement
支持／积极参与／领导民权运动
Immigration 移居 - control/restrict/limit/encourage immigration
控制／限制／鼓励外来移民 - attract/draw a wave of immigrants
吸引一批外来移民 - assist/welcome refugees
援助／欣然接受难民 - house/shelter refugees and asylum seekers
安置／庇护难民和寻求政治避难者 - smuggle illegal immigrants into the UK
偷运非法移民到英国 - deport/repatriate illegal immigrants/failed asylum seekers
驱逐／遣返非法移民／寻求政治避难失败者 - assimilate/integrate new immigrants
同化／融合新移民 - employ/hire migrant workers
雇用流动工人 - exploit/rely on (cheap/illegal) immigrant labour
- apply for/gain/obtain/be granted/be denied (full) citizenship
申请／获得／准予／未准予（完全的）公民身份 - have/hold dual citizenship
持有双重国籍
Collocations War and peaceWar and peace 战争与和平 Starting a war 开战 - declare/make/wage war (on somebody/something)
（向…）宣战／挑起战争／发动战争 - go to war (against/with somebody)
（向…）开战 - cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest
引起／平息骚乱 - incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion
煽动／领导／镇压起义／叛乱 - launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack
发起／实施突然／恐怖袭击 - prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict
防止／阻止／表明冲突升级 - be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war
被内战搞得四分五裂；濒于内战 - enter/invade/occupy somebody’s territory
进入／侵略／占领某人的领土 - lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion
领导／发起／抵制／击退武装入侵
Military operations 军事行动 - adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy
采用／发展／实施／执行军事战略 - carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres
- send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops
派遣／部署／派驻／撤回部队 - go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission
进行／驾机执行／执行侦察／营救任务 - train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units
训练／装备／部署陆军／军事／作战分队 - lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on somebody)
领导／发起／实施（对某人的）突然袭击／（空中／空投部队／登陆）攻击 - employ/use guerrilla tactics
采用游击战术 - conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare
进行／发动生物战／游击战 - fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency
设法战胜／镇压／挫败叛乱者／叛乱 - suffer/inflict a crushing defeat
遭受惨败；大获全胜 - achieve/win a decisive victory
赢得决定性的胜利 - halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance
阻止英国／德国／俄罗斯的前进 - order/force a retreat
命令／强迫撤退
Fighting 作战 - join/serve in the army/navy/air force
加入陆军／海军／空军；在陆军／海军／空军部队服役 - be/go/remain/serve on active duty
在服现役 - serve/complete/return from a tour of duty
在服役；服役完毕；服役归来 - be sent to the front (line)
被派往前线 - attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy
袭击／攻击敌人；与敌人交战；击败／杀死／消灭敌人 - see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting
目睹／报道／参与激战 - call for/be met with armed resistance
要求／遭遇武装抵抗 - come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire
冒着激烈的／机关枪的／迫击炮的射击 - fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at somebody/something)
（对…）发射机关枪／迫击炮弹／火箭弹 - shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles
步枪／手枪射击；发射子弹／导弹 - launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile
发射巡航／弹道／反坦克导弹 - use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons
使用生物／化学／核武器 - inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties
遭受惨重损失／伤亡 - be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire
被敌军／友军／炮火击中／射死 - become/be held as a prisoner of war
成为战俘；作为战俘被监禁
Civilians in war 战争中的平民 - harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians
伤害／杀死／瞄准／保护无辜的／手无寸铁的平民 - cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage
导致／避免／限制／最大限度减少平民伤亡／附带性破坏 - impose/enforce/lift a curfew
强制实行／解除宵禁 - engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing
参与种族清洗；成为种族清洗的受害者 - be sent to an internment/a concentration camp
被送到俘虏拘留营／集中营 - accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war
接受／收容／安置战争难民 - fear/threaten military/violent reprisals
害怕／扬言要军事／暴力报复 - commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide
犯／被指控犯战争罪／反人类罪／种族灭绝罪
Making peace 和解 - make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace
促使／带来／赢得／实现／保持／促进和平 - call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce
要求／商谈／协商／宣布停战／暂时休战 - sign a ceasefire agreement
签署停战协议 - call for/bring/put an end to hostilities
要求发动／引发／结束战争 - demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of somebody/something
强烈要求／商讨／接受…投降 - establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force
建立／派遣维和部队 - negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty
商讨／达成／正式批准／签署／接受／拒绝／破坏／违反和平协定
Synonyms immigrantimmigrant- migrant
- refugee
- asylum seeker
- expatriate
- immigrant a person who has either chosen or been forced to leave their country and come to live permanently in a country that is not their own:
immigrants from other European countries 来自其他欧洲国家的移民
- migrant a person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions:
The country has a large seasonal migrant population. 这个国家有大量季节性移民人口。
- refugee a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons:
There has been a steady flow of refugees from the war zone. 从交战地区撤出的难民源源不断。
- asylum seeker a person who has been forced to leave their own country because they are in danger and who arrives in another country asking to be allowed to stay there:
to provide accommodation and support for asylum seekers 为寻求庇护者提供住宿和支持
- expatriate a person living in a country that is not their own, usually by choice:
American expatriates in Paris 居住在巴黎的美国人
- illegal/undocumented immigrants/migrants
- economic/skilled migrants
- political refugees
Extra ExamplesTopics War and conflictb2, Social issuesb2A flood of displaced refugees fled west. 大批背井离乡的难民像潮水般向西边逃难。 He does not qualify for refugee status. 他不符合难民资格。 He was born in a refugee camp. 他出生于难民营。 Hundreds of refugees are pouring over the border. 成百上千的难民涌过边境。 Many claimed to be environmental refugees, leaving for the sake of their health. 很多人都自称是因为健康原因而离开的环境难民。 Only nine per cent were found to be genuine political refugees. 只有9% 的人得到证实是真正的政治难民。 She has been refused refugee status. 她被拒绝给予难民身分。 The Home Office has refused him refugee status. 内政部拒绝给予他难民身分。 The government has agreed to take only 150 refugees plus their dependants. 政府承诺只收留150 名难民及家属。 The refugee flows alone would be a huge upheaval. 单是难民潮问题就会带来很大的动荡。 They should be considered economic refugees. 他们应该被视为经济难民。 Those who did not qualify as refugees were returned to their home countries. 那些不符合难民资格的人被遣返回国了。 Unemployment among the refugees has risen sharply. 难民失业率飙升。 a new influx of refugees from the combat zone 来自交战地区的新一批难民 refugees displaced by the civil war 由于内战而流离失所的难民 refugees fleeing political persecution 逃避政治迫害的避难者 refugees from civil wars 由于内战而产生的难民 refugees living in camps along the border 住在边境难民营里的人 the government's strategy in dealing with would-be refugees 政府处理未来难民的策略 Several thousand refugees are reported to have fled to the eastern border. 据报道，几千名难民逃到了东部边境。 The country has a long tradition of giving asylum to political refugees. 这个国家有向政治难民提供庇护的悠久传统。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- genuine
- would-be
- former
- …
- qualify as
- be considered (as)
- accept
- …
- flee something
- be displaced
- arrive
- …
- crisis
- issue
- problem
- …
- among refugee
- refugee from
- a flood of refugees
- a influx of refugees
- the flow of refugees
- …
Word Originlate 17th cent.: from French réfugié ‘gone in search of refuge’, past participle of (se) réfugier, from refuge, from Latin refugium, from Latin re- ‘back’ + fugere ‘flee’.
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- Benefit 274
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- offensiveness 129
- ft 64
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- Collapsed 37
- toolkit 11
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- Dew 32
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- Exponential 35
- Events that happen before other events 30
- spymaster 8
- equation 302
- shrewish 6
- Admiration 151
- upholstery 13
- meow 70
- Commute 190
- mumble 64
- sadism 7
- that’s the ticket 199
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- talk about… 229
- lascivious 59
- amplification 46
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- peasant 353
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- ashamed 411
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- NFL 10
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- exceptionally 126
- Copious 10
- rosé 340
- mass 460
- pâté 358
- defibrillator 54
- -logue 8
- ma’am 223
- prevail upon to do 21
- pejorative 115
- exposé 364
- clothe 316
- snowflake 9
- cash in 42
- ripper 182
- doppelgänger 253
- remarkable 556
- socio- 13
- divorcée 321
- divorcé 313
- auntly 40
- johnnies 7
- devil’s advocate 268
- QC 65
- pragmatics 7
- outside 71
- speculate 355
- remaster 7
- anesthetist 62
- non-event 30
- attaché case 364
- attaché 384
- scorpio 8
- Transit™ 274
- Pianola™ 226
- riven 7
- Cracker Jack™ 201
- Air Miles™ 244
- Exceptional 189
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- commonwealth 116
- archaeologist 81
- ask for 252
- Squander 13
- waikiki 8
- swazi 19
- concept 1172
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- Heard 61
- co-starring 32
- basketball 108
- period 1160
- syncopated 9
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- OCCUPY 107
- coat 995
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- give over to 43
- over and over again 15
- skillful 378
- Wheat 14
- moment 262
- tony 9
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- Empire 66
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- BUILD 44
- transistor 432
- photographer 165
- Inflation 226
- gentleness 36
- all-nighter 92
- animatronics 58
- sacrilegious 10
- pupate 7
- withdrawal 130
- witchcraft 236
- viewer 173
- uniquely 152
- trample 223
- responsible 376
- nationally 139
- Formally 66
- Statue 168
- Criterion 208
- coincidental 228
- Rob 63
- billion 347
- Dimension 63
- lira 11
- wasp 268
- antioxidant 185
- Emotive 203
- Culprit 266
- expel 367
- cocksucker 13
- cut 333
- Question 211
- spark plug 8
- banana skin 50
- angelica 58
- legislation 422
- smart-alec 26
- personal 383
- Disingenuous 12
- Trust 144
- returns 157
- Mumble 39
- position 396
- wrap-up 98
- Possessive 46
- gravedigger 44
- pulse 436
- Physical 122
- enzymatic 46
- unannounced 127
- wildlife 118
- come under 70
- phenomenal 209
- Punch 64
- ready 168
- downhearted 57
- troublesome 295
- soundly 77
- disk jockey 64
- Radio 40
- Wholesaler 33
- iterate 63
- gloss 193
- propose 386
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- Aprons 32
- To fail to obey a rule, law or command 31
- threatening 10
- left-handed 56
- portion 406
- Fidelity 101
- specifics 176
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- Journal 43
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- capital 397
- ubiquity 8
- dynamic 450
- obviously 324
- undefined 10
- isomer 14
- Insights 32
- undeveloped 10
- take after 137
- rory 7
- Modern and fashionable and up to date 23
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- INFECT 59
- worsen 152
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- well known 242
- get at 68
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- winding 82
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- grippy 14
- Habitat 183
- Changes in color that show how you are feeling 19
- procedural 25
- rule 560
- tremor 167
- penance 96
- gilded 136
- overhung 19
- Break 340
- hath 13
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- signposting 7
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- impede 141
- matriculate 10
- at first 39
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- cover girl 61
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- virgin 37
- smallpox 7
- totalitarian 7
- take back 74
- scheduler 8
- dry off 54
- strabismus 8
- scene 402
- premised 6
- welter 6
- suchlike 12
- chantry 10
- carrot 415
- rollover 7
- the First Amendment 40
- throwback 9
- splosh 7
- keep out of someone s way 7
- Bias 152
- sachet 7
- railman 7
- CHARGE 78
- Seldom 36
- Disadvantageous 18
- city slicker 135
- dust-up 63
- vague 409
- by contrast 19
- eyesore 80
- back seat 25
- aquifer 75
- manager 129
- outdone 15
- intimate 361
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- bulk 378
- snarl 58
- dais 70
- canteen 379
- tram 601
- derring-do 50
- Whilst 32
- cackhanded 40
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