notwithstanding

preposition

/ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɑːtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

(formal)

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(also used following the noun it refers to亦用于其所指名词之后) without being affected by something; despite something虽然；尽管
- Notwithstanding some major financial problems, the school has had a successful year.虽然有些重大的经费问题，这所学校一年来还是很成功。
- The bad weather notwithstanding, the event was a great success.尽管天气恶劣，活动还是取得了巨大的成功。
Word Originlate Middle English: from not + withstanding, present participle of withstand, on the pattern of Old French non obstant ‘not providing an obstacle to’.

adverb

/ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɑːtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

(formal)

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despite this尽管如此 synonym however, nevertheless
- Notwithstanding, the problem is a significant one.然而，这个问题仍很重要。
Word Originlate Middle English: from not + withstanding, present participle of withstand, on the pattern of Old French non obstant ‘not providing an obstacle to’.

conjunction

/ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/, /ˌnɑːtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

(formal)

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although; despite the fact that尽管如此
- notwithstanding that… He was found guilty, notwithstanding that the evidence was very weak.尽管证据很薄弱，他还是被判有罪。
Word Originlate Middle English: from not + withstanding, present participle of withstand, on the pattern of Old French non obstant ‘not providing an obstacle to’.

TOEFL BNC: 9042 COCA: 10393

notwithstanding