- [countable]
a person who hates somebody or who acts or speaks against somebody/something 敌人；仇人；反对者 She didn't have an enemy in the world. 在这世界上她一个敌人也没有。 He has a lot of enemies in the company. 他在公司里有很多对头。 After just one day, she had already made an enemy of her manager. 刚过一天她就已经与经理为敌了。 They united in the face of a common enemy. 面对共同的敌人，他们联合起来了。 They used to be friends but they are now sworn enemies (= are determined not to become friends again). 他们过去是朋友，但现在是死敌。 James Moriarty was Sherlock Holmes's mortal enemy. 詹姆斯·莫里亚蒂是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的死敌。 It is rare to find a prominent politician with few political enemies. 没有什么政敌的杰出从政者是罕见的。 The state has a duty to protect its citizens against external enemies. 国家有义务保护本国公民不受外敌侵犯。 Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests (= they kill them). 鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。 The enemy of my enemy is my friend. 我敌人的敌人就是我的朋友。 ‘We will defeat the enemies of freedom,’ said the president. 总统说，我们将击败自由的敌人。
Extra ExamplesTopics Preferences and decisionsb1He turned to face his enemy. 他转过身来面对敌人。 He was prepared to use any weapon to fight against his enemies. 他已准备好采取一切手段对付敌人。 I didn't want to make an enemy of Mr Evans. 我不想和埃文斯先生为敌。 In today's match England play their old enemy, Scotland. 今天的比赛是英格兰对他们的老对手苏格兰。 It is important to know your enemy. 了解敌人很重要。 The Church and the Communist Party were natural enemies. 教会和共产党是天敌。 The cat uses its claws to protect itself against enemies. 那只猫用爪子保护自己，抵御敌人。 The lion is the zebra's chief enemy. 狮子对斑马造成的威胁很大。 The skunk releases a pungent smell to deter its enemies. 臭鼬释放出刺鼻的气味来阻止它的敌人。 Thousands of perceived enemies of the State were imprisoned. 数以千计被认为是国家公敌的人遭到囚禁。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- bitter
- deadly
- great
- …
- have
- make
- attack
- …
- attack somebody/something
- army
- forces
- soldiers
- …
- against an/the enemy
- enemy of
- your own worst enemy
- fall into enemy hands
- in the face of the enemy
- …
- the enemy[singular + singular or plural verb]
a country or group that you are fighting a war against; the soldiers, etc. of this country or group 敌国；敌军；敌兵 The enemy was/were forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了。 to fight/defeat the enemy 对抗/击败敌人 enemy forces/combatants 敌军/战斗人员 The men came under enemy fire. 士兵们受到敌人炮火的攻击。 They were dropped by parachute behind enemy lines (= in the area controlled by the enemy) 他们被降落伞空投在敌后
Collocations War and peaceWar and peace 战争与和平 Starting a war 开战 - declare/make/wage war (on somebody/something)
（向…）宣战／挑起战争／发动战争 - go to war (against/with somebody)
（向…）开战 - cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest
引起／平息骚乱 - incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion
煽动／领导／镇压起义／叛乱 - launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack
发起／实施突然／恐怖袭击 - prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict
防止／阻止／表明冲突升级 - be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war
被内战搞得四分五裂；濒于内战 - enter/invade/occupy somebody’s territory
进入／侵略／占领某人的领土 - lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion
领导／发起／抵制／击退武装入侵
Military operations 军事行动 - adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy
采用／发展／实施／执行军事战略 - carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres
- send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops
派遣／部署／派驻／撤回部队 - go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission
进行／驾机执行／执行侦察／营救任务 - train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units
训练／装备／部署陆军／军事／作战分队 - lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on somebody)
领导／发起／实施（对某人的）突然袭击／（空中／空投部队／登陆）攻击 - employ/use guerrilla tactics
采用游击战术 - conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare
进行／发动生物战／游击战 - fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency
设法战胜／镇压／挫败叛乱者／叛乱 - suffer/inflict a crushing defeat
遭受惨败；大获全胜 - achieve/win a decisive victory
赢得决定性的胜利 - halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance
阻止英国／德国／俄罗斯的前进 - order/force a retreat
命令／强迫撤退
Fighting 作战 - join/serve in the army/navy/air force
加入陆军／海军／空军；在陆军／海军／空军部队服役 - be/go/remain/serve on active duty
在服现役 - serve/complete/return from a tour of duty
在服役；服役完毕；服役归来 - be sent to the front (line)
被派往前线 - attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy
袭击／攻击敌人；与敌人交战；击败／杀死／消灭敌人 - see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting
目睹／报道／参与激战 - call for/be met with armed resistance
要求／遭遇武装抵抗 - come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire
冒着激烈的／机关枪的／迫击炮的射击 - fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at somebody/something)
（对…）发射机关枪／迫击炮弹／火箭弹 - shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles
步枪／手枪射击；发射子弹／导弹 - launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile
发射巡航／弹道／反坦克导弹 - use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons
使用生物／化学／核武器 - inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties
遭受惨重损失／伤亡 - be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire
被敌军／友军／炮火击中／射死 - become/be held as a prisoner of war
成为战俘；作为战俘被监禁
Civilians in war 战争中的平民 - harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians
伤害／杀死／瞄准／保护无辜的／手无寸铁的平民 - cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage
导致／避免／限制／最大限度减少平民伤亡／附带性破坏 - impose/enforce/lift a curfew
强制实行／解除宵禁 - engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing
参与种族清洗；成为种族清洗的受害者 - be sent to an internment/a concentration camp
被送到俘虏拘留营／集中营 - accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war
接受／收容／安置战争难民 - fear/threaten military/violent reprisals
害怕／扬言要军事／暴力报复 - commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide
犯／被指控犯战争罪／反人类罪／种族灭绝罪
Making peace 和解 - make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace
促使／带来／赢得／实现／保持／促进和平 - call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce
要求／商谈／协商／宣布停战／暂时休战 - sign a ceasefire agreement
签署停战协议 - call for/bring/put an end to hostilities
要求发动／引发／结束战争 - demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of somebody/something
强烈要求／商讨／接受…投降 - establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force
建立／派遣维和部队 - negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty
商讨／达成／正式批准／签署／接受／拒绝／破坏／违反和平协定
Extra ExamplesTopics War and conflictb1They decided to use the weapon against the enemy. 他们决定以武力御敌。 He was shot for desertion in the face of the enemy. 他在面临敌人进攻时当逃兵，被枪决了。 the first casualty from enemy action 在敌军行动中的首批伤亡将士 The spies managed to penetrate behind enemy lines. 那些间谍成功穿过了敌军防线。 The document must not at any price fall into enemy hands. 无论付出什么代价，文件都不能落入敌手。 Intelligence reported enemy activity just off the coast. 情报人员报告说敌军在沿海附近活动。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- bitter
- deadly
- great
- …
- have
- make
- attack
- …
- attack somebody/something
- army
- forces
- soldiers
- …
- against an/the enemy
- enemy of
- your own worst enemy
- fall into enemy hands
- in the face of the enemy
- …
- [countable] (formal)
anything that harms something or prevents it from being successful 危害物；大敌
Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French enemi, from Latin inimicus, from in- ‘not’ + amicus ‘friend’.
Idioms
be your own worst enemy
to be the cause of your own problems 自讨苦吃；是自己问题的根源 Her indecisiveness makes her her own worst enemy. 她的优柔寡断使她成为自己最大的敌人。 Some dancers become their own worst enemies, criticizing themselves for every imperfection. 一些舞者总是因每一处不完美而责备自己，成了他们自己最大的敌人。