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a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes disease in people, animals and plants 病毒；滤过性病毒 the flu/influenza virus 流感病毒 patients known to have been infected with the virus 已知感染了该病毒的病人 the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒或艾滋病毒 the hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒 a highly infectious disease caused by a virus 由病毒引起的高度传染性疾病 a virus infection 病毒感染 The vaccination offers good protection against the virus. 接种疫苗对病毒有很好的保护作用。 It is not clear how she contracted the virus. 尚不清楚她是如何感染病毒的。
Collocations IllnessesIllnesses 疾病 Becoming ill 生病 - catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(British English) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug
染上感冒／传染病／流感／肺炎／病毒／小毛病 - get (British English) ill/(North American English) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
患病／艾滋病／乳腺癌／感冒／流感／偏头痛 - come down with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu
得了感冒／流感 - contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS
感染致命疾病／严重疾病／艾滋病病毒／艾滋病 - be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV
受病毒／寄生虫／艾滋病病毒感染 - develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis
患上癌症／糖尿病／皮疹／溃疡；出现肝炎症状 - have a heart attack/a stroke
心脏病／中风发作 - provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction
引起／产生过敏反应 - block/burst/rupture a blood vessel
使血管阻塞／破裂 - damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon
损伤／切断神经／动脉／肌腱
Being ill 病了 - feel (British English) ill/nauseous/queasy
- be running (British English) a temperature/(North American English) a fever
发烧 - have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(British English) a high temperature/(North American English) a fever
患伤风感冒／糖尿病／心脏病／肺癌；头痛；发烧 - suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder
患哮喘／营养不良症／经常性头痛／多发性抑郁症／精神错乱 - be laid up with/ (British English) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
因感冒／流感／偏头痛而卧床休息 - nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover
调治感冒／头痛／宿醉 - battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism
与癌症／抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒
Treatments 治疗 - examine a patient
给病人做检查 - diagnose a condition/disease/disorder
诊断疾病 - be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia
诊断为癌症／糖尿病／精神分裂症 - prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics
开／得到／服用药／药片／止痛药／抗生素 - treat somebody for cancer/depression/shock
治疗某人的癌症／抑郁症／休克 - have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer
接受检查／手术／外科手术／肾移植手术／治疗／化疗／癌症治疗 - have/be given an injection/(British English) a flu jab/(North American English) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray
打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光 - cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient
治疗疾病／病痛／癌症／头痛／病人 - prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs
防止疾病扩散／疾病进一步爆发／对肺部造成伤害 - be vaccinated against the flu/(British English) flu/the measles/(British English) measles/polio/smallpox
接种流感／麻疹／小儿麻痹症／天花疫苗 - enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease
增加对疾病的免疫力
Collocations The living worldThe living world 生物界 Animals 动物 - animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something)
动物交配／繁育／繁殖／以…为食 - fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)
鱼／两栖动物游动／产卵 - birds fly/migrate/nest/sing
鸟飞翔／迁徙／筑巢／啼叫 - insects crawl/fly/bite/sting
昆虫爬／飞／咬／叮 - insects/bees/locusts swarm
昆虫／蜜蜂／蝗虫成群地飞来飞去 - bees collect/gather nectar/pollen
蜜蜂采蜜／花粉 - spiders spin/weave a web
蜘蛛结网／织网 - snakes/lizards shed their skins
蛇／蜥蜴蜕皮 - bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate
熊／刺猬／青蛙冬眠 - insect larvae grow/develop/pupate
昆虫的幼虫生长／发育／化蛹 - an egg/a chick/a larva hatches
卵孵化；小鸡出壳；幼虫孵出 - attract/find/choose a mate
吸引／找到／选择配偶 - produce/release eggs/sperm
产卵；排卵；产生／释放精子 - lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs
产卵；使卵受精；孵卵 - inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast
栖居于森林／礁石／海岸 - mark/enter/defend (a) territory
标出／进入／保卫领地 - stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey
悄悄接近／猎杀／捕获／杀死猎物
Plants and fungi 植物和真菌 - trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower
树木／植物生长／开花 - a seed germinates/sprouts
种子发芽 - leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form
叶子／花蕾／根茎／幼苗长出来／长大／成形 - flower buds swell/open
花蕾含苞欲放／绽放 - a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes something
菌类生长／扩散／长满… - pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant
给花／植物授粉 - produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores
长出／传播花粉／种子／孢子 - produce/bear fruit
结果 - develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves
长出根茎／嫩芽／叶子 - provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients
提供／吸收／提取／释放营养物 - perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis
进行／增加／减少光合作用
Bacteria and viruses 细菌和病毒 - bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply
细菌／微生物／病毒生长／扩散／繁殖 - bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on something
细菌／微生物在…中存活／大量生长 - bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize something/cause disease
细菌／微生物／病毒进化／长满…／引发疾病 - bacteria break something down/convert something (into something)
细菌（将某物）分解／转化（成某物） - a virus enters/invades something/the body
病毒进入／侵入某物／身体 - a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)
病毒变异／演化／（自我）复制 - be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria
感染上／接触到一种新病毒／抗药性细菌 - contain/carry/harbour bacteria/a virus
带有细菌／病毒 - kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria
杀灭有害的／致命的细菌
Extra ExamplesTopics Illnessa2, Biologya2An infected person can pass the virus to others. 受感染者可能会把病毒传给他人。 The virus attacks a variety of cells in the body. 这种病毒攻击体内的多种细胞。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- deadly
- killer
- lethal
- …
- be infected with
- catch
- contract
- …
- infect somebody/something
- attack somebody/something
- kill somebody/something
- …
- infection
- vaccine
- transmission
- …
- (informal)
a disease caused by a virus 病毒性疾病；病毒病 There's a virus going around the office. 办公室里流行着一种病毒性疾病。 I must have caught a virus on holiday. 我一定是在度假时感染了病毒。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- deadly
- killer
- lethal
- …
- be infected with
- catch
- contract
- …
- infect somebody/something
- attack somebody/something
- kill somebody/something
- …
- infection
- vaccine
- transmission
- …
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instructions that are hidden within a computer program and are designed to cause faults or destroy data （计算机程序中的）病毒 a computer virus 电脑病毒 I think I've got a virus on my laptop. 我想我的笔记本电脑上有病毒。 The virus in the software was programmed to corrupt the hard disk. 软件中的病毒被编程来破坏硬盘。 software errors that can be exploited by virus writers 病毒编写者可以利用的软件错误
Collocations Email and the internetEmail and the internet 电子邮件和互联网 Email 电子邮件 - receive/get/open an email
收到／打开电邮 - write/send/answer/forward/delete an email
写／发送／回复／转发／删除电邮 - check/read/access your email
查收／阅读／读取电邮 - block/filter (out) junk/spam/unsolicited email
阻止／过滤垃圾／不请自来的电邮 - exchange email addresses
交换电邮地址 - open/check your inbox
打开／查看收件箱 - junk mail fills/floods/clogs your inbox
垃圾电邮塞满收件箱 - have/set up an email account
拥有／创建电邮账号 - open/send/contain an attachment
打开／发送／包含附件 - sign up for/receive email alerts
注册使用／收到电邮提醒
Connecting to the internet 连接到互联网 - use/access/log onto the internet/the Web
使用／登录互联网 - go online/on the internet
上网 - have a high-speed/broadband/wireless (internet) connection
- access/connect to/locate the server
登录／连接到／定位服务器 - use/open/close/launch a/your web browser
使用／打开／关闭／开启网页浏览器 - browse/surf/search/scour the internet/the Web
上网浏览／搜索 - send/contain/spread/detect a(n) (computer/email) virus
发送／含有／传播／发现（电脑／电邮）病毒 - update your anti-virus software
升级杀毒软件 - install/use/configure a firewall
安装／使用／设置防火墙 - accept/enable/block/delete cookies
接受／启用／阻止／删除网站饼干
Using the internet 使用互联网 - visit/check a website/an internet site/somebody’s blog
访问／查看网站／互联网站点／某人的博客 - create/design/launch a website/social networking site
创建／设计／启用一个网站／社交网站 - start/write/post/read a blog
创建／写／发布／读博客 - update your blog/a website
更新博客／网站内容 - be in/meet somebody in/go into/enter an internet chat room
在／遇见某人在／进入网络聊天室 - download/upload music/software/a song/a podcast/a file/a copy of something
下载／上传音乐／软件／一首歌／一个播客／一个文件／一个…的备份 - share information/data/files
共享信息／数据／文件 - post a comment/message on a(n) website/online message board/web forum/internet chat room
在网站上／网络留言板上／网络论坛上／网络聊天室里发布评论／信息 - stream video/audio/music/content over the internet
在互联网上流播视频／音频／音乐／内容 - join/participate in/visit/provide a(n) (web-based/web/online/internet/discussion) forum
加入／访问／提供（网络）论坛 - generate/increase/monitor internet traffic
产生／增加／监管网络流量
Extra ExamplesTopics Computersa2A teenage boy was arrested for being the creator of the BomBlast virus that caused severe disruption to the country's defence systems. 一名十几岁的男孩因制造原子弹爆炸病毒而被捕，该病毒对该国的防御系统造成了严重破坏。 Most viruses can only spread if you open an email attachment. 大多数病毒只有在打开电子邮件附件时才会感染。 My computer has caught some kind of virus, and it won't let me log on to the internet. 我的计算机中了毒，不能上网了。 The latest virus will attach itself to all the addresses in your email address book. 最新的病毒会附着在你电子邮件地址簿的所有地址上。 Your virus definitions are not up to date. 您的病毒定义不是最新的。 anti-virus software 防病毒软件
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- computer
- be infected with
- create
- develop
- …
- attack something
- destroy something
- spread
- …
- threat
- warning
- protection
- …
see also viral
Word Originlate Middle English (denoting the venom of a snake): from Latin, literally ‘slimy liquid, poison’. The earlier medical sense, superseded by the current use as a result of improved scientific understanding, was ‘a substance produced in the body as the result of disease, especially one capable of infecting others’.