1(usually sanctions) punishment懲罰ADJECTIVE | VERB + SANCTION | PREPOSITION | PHRASESADJECTIVE➤economic, financial, military, trade經濟/金融/軍事/貿易制裁▸➤civil, criminal, disciplinary民事制裁;刑事制裁;紀律處罰▸➤legal, penal, social法律制裁;刑事制裁;社會懲戒▸➤international, UN國際/聯合國制裁▸➤severe, strict嚴厲的處罰▸➤punitive懲罰性制裁▸➤effective有效的懲罰VERB + SANCTION➤apply, enforce, impose, use施以處罰;執行制裁;實施制裁;運用處罰▸➤end, lift結束/解除制裁▸➤call for要求制裁➤threaten威脅要制裁PREPOSITION➤sanction against對⋯的懲罰◇The UN called for sanctions against the invading country.聯合國要求對侵略國進行制裁。◇There were strict sanctions against absenteeism.曠工會受到嚴厲處分。➤sanction for為⋯的懲罰◇Employers imposed heavy sanctions for union activity.雇主對工會活動實施重罰。PHRASES➤the imposition of sanctions制裁的實施▸➤the lifting of sanctions制裁的解除▸➤a threat of sanctions制裁的威脅sanction
noun²
2official permission正式批准ADJECTIVE | VERB + SANCTION | PREPOSITIONADJECTIVE➤government, official政府/官方批准◇The movement was first given official sanction in the 1960s.該運動於 20 世紀 60 年代首次獲得了官方首肯。➤divine, religious上天的/宗教認可VERB + SANCTION➤give sth給予⋯許可◇The conference gave its official sanction to the change of policy.大會正式批准了政策的改變。PREPOSITION➤with sb/sth's sanction, without sb/sth's sanction經過/未經⋯的許可◇No decision can be taken without the sanction of the committee.未經委員會的許可,不得作出任何決定。sanction
verb
ADVERB | VERB + SANCTIONADVERB➤officially正式批准▸➤legally, socially法律/社會認可◇Slavery was once socially sanctioned.蓄奴制曾經受到社會認可。➤divinely上天認可VERB + SANCTION➤refuse to拒絕批准