- [countable, uncountable]
something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility 責任；義務；本分 - duty to do something
It is my duty to report it to the police. 把這事報告給警方是我的責任。 Local councillors have a duty to serve the community. 地方議員有義務爲社區服務。 - under a duty to do something
You are under a legal duty to keep accurate records. 你有法律義務保存準確的記錄。 to do your duty for your country 爲祖國盡己任 - duty to somebody/something
He has failed in his duty to his client. 他沒有盡到對客戶的責任。 - duty as somebody
your duties as a parent 你作爲父母的責任 - duty of something
The company owes a duty of care to its employees. 公司對其員工負有照顧的義務。 - duty of doing something
Local councils were charged with the duty of allocating land for building. 地方議會被賦予分配土地用於建設的職責。 a statutory/fiduciary duty 法定/信托責任 a civic/patriotic/moral duty 公民/愛國/道德義務 I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty. 我希望你不止是出於責任感才來看我。 I’ll have to go, I’m afraid—duty calls (= there is a duty I need to go and do). 我想我得走了－公務在身。 a breach/dereliction of duty 失職
Extra ExamplesTopics Personal qualitiesb1I'd be shirking my duty if I didn't warn him. 如果我沒有對他提出警告，那就是逃避責任。 It's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team. 我們當中的每個人都有義務爲團隊盡最大努力。 It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided. 裁決認爲傷者未佩戴提供的安全裝備是沒有盡到義務。 I feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her. 我覺得盡力幫助她是我義不容辭的責任。 It was a duty imposed by her father. 那是她父親給她的責任。 It was a clear breach of professional duty. 那是明顯的失職行爲。 The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty. 他花時間幫助新入職員工已經超越了職責的要求。 I feel it is my civic duty to vote. 我認爲投票選舉是我作爲公民的義務。 She felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son. 她認爲給他生了個兒子就已經盡了責任。 She had violated her legal duty of confidentiality. 她違反了保密的法律義務。 He had failed in his duty to his daughter. 他對女兒未盡到責任。 He took on the duty of maintaining the family home. 他承擔了養家的責任。 They have a duty to their parents to work hard. 他們有爲了父母而努力工作的責任。 She put down the phone and went out, her duty done. 她放下電話走了出去，已經盡到了責任。 He felt it was his moral duty to help his neighbour. 他覺得幫助鄰居是他的道德責任。 You feel that you have to do your duty by your children. 你感到必須對你的孩子盡責任。 the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司對股東負有的受托責任 the general duty of the police to preserve the peace 警察維持治安的基本職責
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- contractual
- legal
- statutory
- …
- have
- owe
- carry out
- …
- call
- under a/the duty
- duty of
- duty to
- …
- a breach of duty
- do your duty by somebody
- be duty bound to do something
- …
- duty to do something
- [uncountable]
the work that is your job 上班；值班 Extra ExamplesTopics Jobsb2Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty. 他沒有報到上班，同事們産生了懷疑。 He was was on kitchen duty. 他在廚房值班。 Police usually do beat duty in pairs. 警察通常是兩人一組進行轄區巡邏。 He's been suspended from active duty. 他被暫停服役。 Sergeant Wilson had pulled parking-lot duty. 威爾遜警官曾在停車場值勤。 The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty. 你在執行任務過程中受傷，公司須負責任。 The regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer. 這位新聞節目主持人還同時兼做撰稿人。 The soldier was sent to his new duty station. 該士兵被派往他的新勤務地。 He has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities. 他志願臨時執行反恐活動的任務。 Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital. 她兒子獲準放下在部隊的工作到醫院來看望她。 the supermarket's senior duty manager 超市的高級值班經理 veterans who saw combat duty in Vietnam 經歷過越戰的老兵
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- light
- onerous
- day
- …
- have
- pull
- see
- …
- fall to somebody
- manager
- officer
- doctor
- …
- off duty
- on duty
- the execution of your duties
- the performance of your duties
- duties[plural]
tasks that are part of your job 職責；任務 I spend a lot of time on administrative duties. 我花很多時間在行政工作上。 The princess has taken on her mother's official duties. 公主承擔了她母親的公務。 to perform/fulfil/discharge your duties 履行/履行/履行你的職責 Your duties will include greeting visitors and answering the phone. 你的職責包括問候來訪者和接電話。
Extra ExamplesTopics Jobsb2He leaves hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month. 他明天出院，預期下個月初重新開始工作。 He will be allowed to return to his duties after the enquiry. 調查結束後，他將被允許返回工作崗位。 The cleaning duties now fell to Rachel. 清掃工作現在歸蕾切爾負責。 He was accused of neglecting his professional duties. 他被控玩忽職守。 My household duties were not particularly onerous. 我的家務活兒並不很繁重。 I share the cooking duties with Bell. 我和貝爾分擔做飯的任務。 He was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health. 因爲健康不佳，他無法完成指派的任務。 The troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties. 軍隊在這裏執行維和任務。 When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties. 我病愈重新工作，給安排了較輕鬆的工作。 The company prefers to handle translation duties in-house. 這家公司更願意在公司内部處理翻譯任務。 The members of staff each have their own duties. 每個職員都有各自的任務。 When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain. 他沒有參加訓練，被免除了隊長職務。 Mr Davies had been relieved of his duties. 戴維斯先生被解除了職務。 The suspect was charged with obstructing an officer in the course of his duties. 嫌疑犯被控防礙執行公務罪。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- light
- onerous
- day
- …
- have
- pull
- see
- …
- fall to somebody
- manager
- officer
- doctor
- …
- off duty
- on duty
- the execution of your duties
- the performance of your duties
- [countable, uncountable]
a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country 稅；（尤指進口貨品）關稅 customs/excise/import duties 關稅；消費稅；進口稅 - duty on something
duty on wine and beer 葡萄酒和啤酒稅 The US imposed a duty on imports from China. 美國對從中國進口的商品征收關稅。
Extra ExamplesTopics Moneyc1They are going to put duty on foreign cars. 他們將對外國轎車征稅。 Beer for personal use is exempt from duty. 供個人飲用的啤酒免稅。 By changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty. 更換供貨商後，這個公司省下了數千英鎊的進口稅。 Cider carries duty at the lower rate. 蘋果酒稅率較低。 There will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate. 還將會有用適用稅率計算的應繳印花稅。 They claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty. 他們聲稱這酒是供個人飲用的，以此來逃稅。 Tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government. 煙草稅是政府收入的一個重要來源。 We tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay. 我們估計了一下我們應繳納的稅額。 You have to pay duty on all electrical goods. 所有的電氣産品都要納稅。 excise duty on spirits 對烈酒征收的消費稅 the heavy duty on cigarettes 對香煙征收的重稅 The company has to pay customs duties on all imports. 該公司須爲所有進口貨物繳納關稅。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- heavy
- high
- low
- …
- amount
- impose
- slap on somebody/something
- increase
- …
- be payable
- in duty
- duty on
see also death duty, stamp duty
Word Originlate Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French duete, from Old French deu ‘owed’, based on Latin debitus ‘owed’, from debere ‘owe’ .
Idioms
(above and) beyond the call of duty
to a higher standard or level than is required for a job or task 職責： 達到高於工作或任務要求的標準或水平She went above and beyond the call of duty in her efforts to save his life. 她竭盡全力去救他的命。
Synonyms taxtax
- duty
- customs
- tariff
- rates
- tax money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services:
income tax 所得稅 tax cuts 減稅
- duty a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country:
The company has to pay customs duties on all imports. 該公司須爲所有進口貨物繳納關稅。
- customs
tax that is paid when goods are brought in from other countries 指關稅、進口稅 - tariff a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country, often in order to protect industry from cheap imports:
A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports. 國外進口貨物當時按普通稅率征稅。
- rates (in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use, and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house:
Business rates are very high in the city centre. 市中心的商業房産稅非常高。
- (a) tax/duty/tariff/rates on something
- to pay an amount of money in tax/duty/customs/rates
- to pay (a) tax/duty/customs/tariff/rates
- to collect taxes/duties/rates
- to increase/raise/reduce taxes/duty/tariffs/rates
- to cut taxes/duties/rates
- to impose a tax/duty/tariff
- to put a tax/duty on something
a/your bounden duty
- (old-fashioned, formal)
something that you feel you must do; a responsibility which cannot be ignored 應盡的義務；不可推卸的責任 He felt it was his bounden duty to tell the police what he knew. 他覺得把他所知道的告訴警察是他義不容辭的責任。 We have a bounden duty to respond to this call for help. 我們有責任響應這一求助。
do/pull/serve double duty (as something)
to perform two roles or functions at the same time 值（或下）班；值（或不值）勤 This device can pull double duty as a decent laptop and an adequate tablet. 這款設備可以作爲一台像樣的筆記本電腦和一台合適的平板電腦發揮雙重作用。 She deserves credit for serving double duty as a host and performer. 她作爲主持人和表演者的雙重職責值得稱贊。
in the line of duty
on/off duty
(of nurses, police officers, etc. 護士、警察等 working/not working at a particular time 值（或下）班；值（或不值）勤 Who's on duty today? 今天誰值班？ What time do you go off duty? 你什麽時候下班？ You're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty. 值班時不準喝酒。