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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 807 COCA: 755
serious adj.
⇨ serious 1 (a serious problem) ⇨ serious 2 (a serious person) ⇨ serious 3 (a serious newspaper)serious1

adjective

 a serious problem/illness 严重的问题／疾病a serious person/mood/expression 严肃的人／气氛／表情a serious debate/newspaper 严肃的辩论／报纸serious ♦︎ severe ♦︎ extreme ♦︎ critical ♦︎ grave ♦︎ acute ♦︎ drastic ♦︎ desperate ♦︎ dire ♦︎ bad ♦︎ life-threateningThese words all describe things and situations that involve or cause harm or damage to sb/sth. 这些词均表示严重的、危急的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达严重的程度
serious➔severe➔extreme
criticalgravedrastic
badacutedesperate
dire
life-threatening
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / a severe / a critical / a grave / an acute / a desperate / a bad / a life-threatening problem◆a serious / a severe / an extreme / a critical / an acute / a desperate / a dire shortage◆serious / severe / extreme / grave / acute danger◆a serious / a severe / a grave / a dire threat◆serious / severe / extreme / acute / desperate / dire poverty◆a serious / an extreme / a critical / an acute / a desperate / a dire need◆serious / grave / drastic / dire / bad consequences◆a serious / a severe / a critical / a grave / an acute / a life-threatening illness◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a life-threatening disease◆a serious / a severe / a grave / an acute / a bad / a life-threatening injury◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a life-threatening infection◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a bad attack / bout◆particularly serious / severe / extreme / grave / acute / dire / bad◆very / extremely serious / severe / grave / acute / bad■ serious unpleasant or dangerous; that involves or might cause harm or damage to sb/sth 严重的；有危险的；可能造成伤害（或损伤）的◆The storm caused serious damage to farm buildings.暴风雨给农场建筑物造成了严重破坏。◆They pose a serious threat to security.他们对安全构成了严重威胁。◆The consequences could be serious.后果可能是严重的。OPP minor ⇨ minor   see also seriousness ⇨ importance ▸ seriously

adverb

◆Smoking can seriously damage your health.吸烟会严重损害你的健康。■ severe very serious 十分严重的；极为恶劣的◆The victim suffered severe brain damage.受害人的大脑损伤十分严重。◆The bridge has been closed due to severe weather conditions.由于恶劣的天气情况，这座大桥关闭了。◆Strikes are causing severe disruption to all train services.罢工给所有铁路服务造成严重影响。OPP minor ⇨ minor , mild ⇨ gentle ▸ severely

adverb

◆Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished.违法者将受到严惩。▸ severity sɪˈverəti

noun

 [uncountable] ◆The chances of a full recovery will depend on the severity of her injuries.能否彻底康复取决于她受伤的严重程度。NOTE 辨析 Serious or severe? Severe is most often used to describe medical conditions and weather conditions. Serious is not used to describe weather conditions. * severe最常用于描述疾病状况或天气情况，serious则不用于描述天气情况◆serious weather ◆a serious winter Serious is used to describe medical conditions in everyday English, but in medical English severe is used. 在日常用语中用serious描述病情，但在医学用语中用severe◆a serious illness严重的疾病◆severe learning difficulties严重学习障碍 ■ extreme (of a situation or action) not ordinary or usual; serious or severe （局势或行为）异乎寻常的，严重的◆Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances.只有在极端情况下才会让孩子离开父母。◆Don't go doing anything extreme like leaving the country.不要做出诸如离开国家之类的极端行为。◆It was the most extreme example of cruelty to animals I had ever seen.这是我见过的最严重的虐待动物的事例。◆extreme weather conditions极端恶劣的天气情况   see also extreme ⇨ maximum ■ critical (rather formal) serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous 严重的；不稳定的；可能有危险的◆The first 24 hours after the operation are the most critical.病人手术后24小时是最危险的。◆ (BrE) One of the victims of the fire remains in a critical condition.一名火灾受害者依然病情危急。◆ (NAmE) One of the victims remains in critical condition.其中一名受害者依然病情危急。◆This is a critical moment in our country's history.这是我国历史上的危急关头。ⓘ Critical is often used with illness and condition to describe medical situations in which there is a possibility that the patient may not survive. Critical is also often used with words relating to time such as moment, period, phase, point, stage, time and years to talk about a time during which an important situation could end in failure or success. * critical常与illness和condition连用，指病人生命危在旦夕。critical也常与有关时间的词连用，如moment、period、phase、point、stage、time和years，指胜败存亡攸关的时刻。▸ critically

adverb

◆He is critically ill in hospital.他病得很重，住院了。■ grave (formal) very serious and important; giving you a reason to feel worried 严重的；严峻的；深切的◆I fear you are making a very grave mistake.恐怕你正在犯一个严重错误。◆The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关切。◆We were in grave danger.我们处于极大的危险之中。ⓘ Grave is used with such words as error, mistake, offence and violation to talk about things that people do wrong. Grave is also used with words like concern, doubt, misgivings, reservations, suspicions and worries to talk about strong feelings that people have when they are worrying about sth. When grave is used to talk about situations, it is often used with such words as consequences, danger, implications, problems, risk and threat. * grave可与error、mistake、offence和violation等词连用，指严重的错误。grave也可与concern、 doubt、misgiving、reservation、suspicion和worry等词连用，指对某事深切的担忧。grave还常与consequence、danger、implication、problem、risk和threat等词连用，表示情况严峻。   see also gravity ⇨ importance ▸ gravely

adverb

◆Local people are gravely concerned.当地人都深感不安。■ acute əˈkjuːt (rather formal) very serious or severe 十分严重的◆The scandal was an acute embarrassment for the President.这桩丑闻使总统处于极度难堪的境地。◆Competition for jobs is acute.求职竞争非常激烈。ⓘ An acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous. * acute形容疾病时表示急性的◆He was suffering from acute chest pains.他患了急性胸痛。 OPP chronic A chronic illness or problem is one that lasts for a long time and is difficult to cure or get rid of. * chronic表示疾病是慢性的，难以治愈，或问题长期存在，难以根除◆chronic bronchitis / arthritis / asthma慢性支气管炎／关节炎／哮喘◆the country's chronic unemployment problem该国长期存在的失业问题 ▸ acutely

adverb

◆She suddenly felt acutely embarrassed.她突然感到极其尴尬。■ drastic (especially of an action) extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth （尤指行为）极端的，急剧的，严厉的，猛烈的◆The government is threatening to take drastic action.政府警告说要采取断然措施。◆Talk to me before you do anything drastic.你采取激烈行动之前要跟我商量。▸ drastically

adverb

◆Output has been drastically reduced.产量已急剧下降。◆Things have started to go drastically wrong.情况开始变得完全失控。■ desperate ˈdespərət extremely serious or dangerous 极严重的；极危险的；很危急的◆The children are in desperate need of love and attention.这些孩子非常需要爱和关怀。◆They face a desperate shortage of clean water.他们面临洁净水的严重短缺。ⓘ Desperate is used to talk about situations in which people need sth. * desperate用于谈论人们急需某物的情况。▸ desperately

adverb

◆She felt desperately in need of human company.她非常想有个人做伴。■ dire ˈdaɪə(r) [usually before noun] (especially BrE, formal) extremely serious 极其严重的；危急的◆They were living in dire poverty.他们生活赤贫。◆The firm is in dire straits (= in a very difficult situation) and may go bankrupt.该公司已陷入极度困境之中，可能会破产。ⓘ Dire is not used to talk about medical conditions. In American English it is only used in the phrase in dire straits. * dire不指病情严重。在美式英语中该词仅用在短语in dire straits中。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) serious; severe 严重的；剧烈的◆The engagement was a bad mistake.这婚约是个严重错误。◆It was a very bad winter that year.那年冬天极为寒冷。◆My headache is getting worse.我头痛得越来越厉害了。ⓘ Bad can be used to describe many unpleasant situations, but it is not used to describe danger or an emergency. It is rather informal and used especially in spoken English; in formal or written English it is often better to choose one of the other words in this group. * bad可用于表示许多不愉快的情况，但不修饰危险或紧急情况。该词很不正式，尤用于口语中。在正式或书面用语中，最好选用本组词汇中的其他词语。▸ badly

adverb

◆The building is badly in need of repair.这栋大楼急需维修。■ ˈlife-threatening that is likely to kill sb 可能致命的；威胁生命的◆His heart condition is not life-threatening.他的心脏病不会危及生命。◆Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes life-threatening situations.救援人员不得不应对一些艰难的情况，有时可能会威胁生命。ⓘ Life-threatening is used to talk about medical conditions, and dangerous situations in which accidents might happen. * life-threatening用于修饰病情及可能发生意外事故的危险情况。serious2

adjective

 a serious problem/illness 严重的问题／疾病a serious person/mood/expression 严肃的人／气氛／表情a serious debate/newspaper 严肃的辩论／报纸serious ♦︎ grave ♦︎ earnest ♦︎ sombre ♦︎ solemn ♦︎ sober ♦︎ humourlessThese words all describe sb who thinks and behaves carefully and sensibly, but often without much joy or laughter. 这些词均表示人严肃的、认真的、庄严的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / a grave / an earnest / a sombre / a solemn / a sober expression◆a serious / a grave / an earnest / a solemn / a sober face◆a serious / sombre / solemn / sober mood / atmosphere◆on a serious / sombre / sober note◆very serious / grave / earnest / sombre / solemn / sober■ serious thinking about things in a careful and sensible way; not laughing about sth 严肃的；稳重的；不苟言笑的◆He's not really a very serious person.他并非真的很严肃。◆Suddenly the conversation turned serious.突然谈话变得严肃起来。◆Be serious for a moment; this is important.严肃点儿，这件事很重要。OPP light-hearted ⇨ funny ▸ seriously

adverb

◆You need to think seriously about your next career move.你需要认真考虑一下自己事业的下一步发展。◆They're no help at all－they're refusing to take the problem seriously.他们根本帮不上忙－他们没拿这个问题当回事。■ grave (rather formal, written) (of a person) serious in manner, as if sth sad, important or worrying has just happened （人）严肃的，表情沉重的◆He looked very grave as he entered the room.他进屋时表情非常严肃。▸ gravely

adverb

◆He nodded gravely as I poured out my troubles.我倾诉苦恼时他表情沉重地点了点头。■ earnest ˈɜːnɪst; NAmE ˈɜːrnɪst (rather formal) serious and sincere 认真的；真诚的◆The earnest young doctor answered all our questions.那年轻医生非常认真，回答了我们所有的问题。◆I could tell that she spoke in earnest (= seriously and sincerely).我看得出她说那话时是认真的。■ sombre (BrE) (NAmE somber) ˈsɒmbə(r); NAmE ˈsɑːmbər (written) sad and serious 阴郁的；阴沉的◆The year had ended on a sombre note (= in a sombre way).那一年在阴沉的气氛中结束了。◆Her expression grew sombre.她的表情变得忧郁起来。■ solemn ˈsɒləm; NAmE ˈsɑːləm (rather formal) looking or sounding very serious, without smiling; done or said in a very serious and sincere way 表情严肃的；庄严的；严正的；郑重的◆She looked at the solemn faces of the children.她望着孩子们表情严肃的脸。◆You have all taken a solemn oath of loyalty to your country.你们都已庄严宣誓忠于自己的祖国。◆I made a solemn promise that I would return.我郑重承诺过我会回来的。▸ solemnly

adverb

◆He nodded solemnly.他郑重地点了点头。■ sober ˈsəʊbə(r); NAmE ˈsoʊbər (rather formal, written) serious and sensible 持重的；冷静的◆On sober reflection (= after thinking about it seriously) I have decided to drop the case.冷静思考之后，我决定撤诉。■ humourless (BrE) (NAmE humorless) (disapproving) too serious and seeming unable to make jokes or to recognize when sth is amusing 无幽默感的◆He gave a short, humourless laugh (= a laugh that does not express any amusement).他干巴巴地笑了一声。serious3

adjective

 a serious problem/illness 严重的问题／疾病a serious person/mood/expression 严肃的人／气氛／表情a serious debate/newspaper 严肃的辩论／报纸serious ♦︎ deep ♦︎ profoundThese are all words that describe sth that needs or shows careful thought and attention. 这些词均表示深奥的、艰深的、须认真思考的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / deep / profound question / issue / analysis◆a serious / deep conversation / discussion◆a deep / profound understanding / insight■ serious needing or showing careful thought and attention; not only for pleasure 须认真思考的；严肃的◆This book is the first serious study of the subject.这本书是针对该主题的首次认真研究。◆Please give this matter some serious thought.请认真考虑这个问题。◆Why do you waste your time reading that? It's hardly a serious newspaper, is it?你为什么要浪费时间读那种东西呢？它算不上是严肃报纸，不是吗？▸ seriously

adverb

◆The research group's findings need to be considered seriously.该研究小组的发现需要认真对待。■ deep showing a lot of knowledge or understanding; difficult to understand 渊博的；深刻的；深奥的；难懂的◆None of the insights contained in the book were particularly deep.这本书中的见解都不特别深刻。◆ (humorous or ironic) This discussion is getting too deep for me.这种讨论越来越深奥，我都听不懂了。  see also depth ⇨ understanding ▸ deeply

adverb

◆I was young then and had never thought very deeply about anything.那时我还小，从来没有深思过什么事情。■ profound prəˈfaʊnd (rather formal) showing a lot of knowledge or understanding; needing a lot of study of thought 知识渊博的；理解深刻的；艰深的；玄奥的◆Her book offers some profound insights into the nature of suffering.她的书提出了一些有关痛苦本质的精辟见解。NOTE 辨析 Deep or profound? Profound is more formal than deep. Deep is sometimes used in a slightly humorous or ironic way to suggest that a comment or discussion may not in fact be as serious and important as it seems. * profound比deep更正式些。有时deep会略带幽默或讽刺的口吻，暗示评论或讨论实际上并不像看上去那么严肃和重要。

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