constrain
verb (formal)- [usually passive]
to force somebody to do something or behave in a particular way 强迫；强制；迫使 - be/feel constrained to do something
The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服，他觉得不得不接受。 The company said that it was constrained to raise prices. 该公司说它被迫提高价格。
Extra ExamplesShe was an annoying woman, but I always felt constrained to be pleasant to her. 她是一个令人讨厌的女人，但我总是觉得必须对她友好。 They found themselves constrained to accept the proposal. 他们发现自己不得不接受这个提议。
- be/feel constrained to do something
- [often passive]
to limit somebody/something 限制；限定；约束 - be constrained (by something)
Research has been constrained by a lack of funds. 研究工作因经费不足而受限制。 Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles. 男性和女性越来越不受陈规定型角色的束缚。 - constrain something
There are a number of factors that constrain agricultural development. 有许多因素制约着农业发展。 - be/feel constrained from doing something
She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. 由于受到失去工作的威胁，她感到很难再坚持下去。
- be constrained (by something)
Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French constraindre, from Latin constringere ‘bind tightly together’.