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immunity

noun
/ɪˈmjuːnəti/
/ɪˈmjuːnəti/
(plural immunities)
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  1. [uncountable] the body’s ability to avoid or not be affected by infection and disease免疫力
    • immunity (to something) immunity to infection对传染病的免疫力
    • immunity against something The vaccine provides longer immunity against flu.这种疫苗对流感的免疫效力时间较长。
    Collocations IllnessesIllnesses疾病Becoming ill生病
    • catch a cold/​an infectious disease/​the flu/(British English) flu/​pneumonia/​a virus/(informal) a bug染上感冒/传染病/流感/肺炎/病毒/小毛病
    • get (British English) ill/(North American English) sick/​a disease/​AIDS/​breast cancer/​a cold/​the flu/(British English) flu/​a migraine患病/艾滋病/乳腺癌/感冒/流感/偏头痛
    • come down with a cold/​the flu/(British English) flu得了感冒/流感
    • contract a deadly disease/​a serious illness/​HIV/​AIDS感染致命疾病/严重疾病/艾滋病病毒/艾滋病
    • be infected with a virus/​a parasite/​HIV受病毒/寄生虫/艾滋病病毒感染
    • develop cancer/​diabetes/​a rash/​an ulcer/​symptoms of hepatitis患上癌症/糖尿病/皮疹/溃疡;出现肝炎症状
    • have a heart attack/​a stroke心脏病/中风发作
    • provoke/​trigger/​produce an allergic reaction引起/产生过敏反应
    • block/​burst/​rupture a blood vessel使血管阻塞/破裂
    • damage/​sever a nerve/​an artery/​a tendon损伤/切断神经/动脉/肌腱
    Being ill病了
    • feel (British English) ill/​nauseous/​queasy
    • be running (British English) a temperature/(North American English) a fever发烧
    • have a head cold/​diabetes/​heart disease/​lung cancer/​a headache/(British English) a high temperature/(North American English) a fever患伤风感冒/糖尿病/心脏病/肺癌;头痛;发烧
    • suffer from asthma/​malnutrition/​frequent headaches/​bouts of depression/​a mental disorder患哮喘/营养不良症/经常性头痛/多发性抑郁症/精神错乱
    • be laid up with/ (British English) be in bed with a cold/​the flu/(British English) flu/​a migraine因感冒/流感/偏头痛而卧床休息
    • nurse a cold/​a headache/​a hangover调治感冒/头痛/宿醉
    • battle/​fight cancer/​depression/​addiction/​alcoholism与癌症/抑郁症作斗争;戒瘾;戒酒
    Treatments治疗
    • examine a patient给病人做检查
    • diagnose a condition/​disease/​disorder诊断疾病
    • be diagnosed with cancer/​diabetes/​schizophrenia诊断为癌症/糖尿病/精神分裂症
    • prescribe/​be given/​be on/​take drugs/​medicine/​medication/​pills/​painkillers/​antibiotics开/得到/服用药/药片/止痛药/抗生素
    • treat somebody for cancer/​depression/​shock治疗某人的癌症/抑郁症/休克
    • have/​undergo an examination/​an operation/​surgery/​a kidney transplant/​therapy/​chemotherapy/​treatment for cancer接受检查/手术/外科手术/肾移植手术/治疗/化疗/癌症治疗
    • have/​be given an injection/(British English) a flu jab/(North American English) a flu shot/​a blood transfusion/​a scan/​an X-ray打针;接种流感疫苗;接受输血;做扫描检查;照 X 光
    • cure a disease/​an ailment/​cancer/​a headache/​a patient治疗疾病/病痛/癌症/头痛/病人
    • prevent the spread of disease/​further outbreaks/​damage to the lungs防止疾病扩散/疾病进一步爆发/对肺部造成伤害
    • be vaccinated against the flu/(British English) flu/​the measles/(British English) measles/​polio/​smallpox接种流感/麻疹/小儿麻痹症/天花疫苗
    • enhance/​boost/​confer/​build immunity to a disease增加对疾病的免疫力
    Extra Examples
    • The vaccine only confers immunity for a few months.这种疫苗只能提供几个月的免疫力。
    • High levels of stress may lower your immunity to common illnesses.压力过大会降低你对普通疾病的免疫力。
    • The island's inhabitants had no immunity to the diseases carried by the explorers and quickly succumbed.岛上居民对探险者携带的疾病没有免疫力,很快就病倒了。
    • The newcomers lacked immunity against local strains of the disease.新来的人对这一疾病在当地的几种类型缺乏免疫力。
    Topics Health and Fitnessc1
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • strong
    • acquired
    • natural
    verb + immunity
    • have
    • lack
    • acquire
    immunity + verb
    • develop
    preposition
    • immunity against
    • immunity to
    See full entry
  2. [uncountable] immunity (to something) the state of not being affected by something, especially something that you might expect to be harmful不受某事物影响,尤其是您可能认为有害的事物
    • the president's seeming immunity to criticism总统似乎不受批评
  3. [uncountable, countable] immunity (from something) the state of being protected from something受保护;豁免;免除
    • The spies were all granted immunity from prosecution.这些间谍都获得免予公诉。
    • parliamentary/congressional immunity (= protection against particular laws that is given to politicians)议会/国会豁免权
    • Officials of all member states receive certain privileges and immunities.各成员国的官员均享有某些特权和豁免权。
    see also diplomatic immunity
    Extra Examples
    • He has agreed to waive his diplomatic immunity and face prosecution.他已经同意放弃外交豁免并接受刑事起诉。
    • Several ministers were stripped of parliamentary immunity as a prelude to facing corruption charges.数名部长被剥夺了议会豁免权,这还只是对其提起腐败指控的前奏。
    • Unions were granted immunity from prosecution for non-violent acts.工会被赋予非暴力行动的起诉豁免权。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • complete
    • total
    • diplomatic
    verb + immunity
    • enjoy
    • claim
    • seek
    preposition
    • immunity from
    See full entry
  4. Word Originlate Middle English: in the sense ‘exemption (from a liability)’: from Latin immunitas, from immunis ‘exempt from public service or charge’, from in- ‘not’ + munis ‘ready for service’.

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