- surrender (to somebody/something) an act of admitting that you have been defeated and want to stop fighting投降
- They demanded (an) unconditional surrender.他们要求无条件投降。
- He raised his hands in surrender.他举手投降。
Collocations War and peaceWar and peace战争与和平Starting a war开战- declare/make/wage war (on somebody/something)（向…）宣战／挑起战争／发动战争
- go to war (against/with somebody)（向…）开战
- cause/spark/provoke/foment/quell unrest引起／平息骚乱
- incite/lead/crush/suppress a revolt/rebellion煽动／领导／镇压起义／叛乱
- launch/mount/carry out a surprise/terrorist attack发起／实施突然／恐怖袭击
- prevent/halt/represent an escalation of the conflict防止／阻止／表明冲突升级
- be torn apart by/be on the brink of civil war被内战搞得四分五裂；濒于内战
- enter/invade/occupy somebody’s territory进入／侵略／占领某人的领土
- lead/launch/resist/repel an invasion领导／发起／抵制／击退武装入侵
Military operations军事行动- adopt/develop/implement/pursue a military strategy采用／发展／实施／执行军事战略
- carry out/execute/perform military operations/manoeuvres
- send/deploy/station/pull back/withdraw troops派遣／部署／派驻／撤回部队
- go on/fly/carry out a reconnaissance/rescue mission进行／驾机执行／执行侦察／营救任务
- train/equip/deploy army/military/combat units训练／装备／部署陆军／军事／作战分队
- lead/launch/conduct a raid/a surprise attack/an (air/airborne/amphibious) assault (on somebody)领导／发起／实施（对某人的）突然袭击／（空中／空投部队／登陆）攻击
- employ/use guerrilla tactics采用游击战术
- conduct/wage biological/guerrilla warfare进行／发动生物战／游击战
- fight/crush/defeat the rebels/the insurgency设法战胜／镇压／挫败叛乱者／叛乱
- suffer/inflict a crushing defeat遭受惨败；大获全胜
- achieve/win a decisive victory赢得决定性的胜利
- halt/stop the British/German/Russian advance阻止英国／德国／俄罗斯的前进
- order/force a retreat命令／强迫撤退
Fighting作战- join/serve in the army/navy/air force加入陆军／海军／空军；在陆军／海军／空军部队服役
- be/go/remain/serve on active duty在服现役
- serve/complete/return from a tour of duty在服役；服役完毕；服役归来
- be sent to the front (line)被派往前线
- attack/strike/engage/defeat/kill/destroy the enemy袭击／攻击敌人；与敌人交战；击败／杀死／消灭敌人
- see/report/be engaged in heavy fighting目睹／报道／参与激战
- call for/be met with armed resistance要求／遭遇武装抵抗
- come under heavy/machine-gun/mortar fire冒着激烈的／机关枪的／迫击炮的射击
- fire a machine-gun/mortar shells/rockets (at somebody/something)（对…）发射机关枪／迫击炮弹／火箭弹
- shoot a rifle/a pistol/bullets/missiles步枪／手枪射击；发射子弹／导弹
- launch/fire a cruise/ballistic/anti-tank missile发射巡航／弹道／反坦克导弹
- use biological/chemical/nuclear weapons使用生物／化学／核武器
- inflict/suffer/sustain heavy losses/casualties遭受惨重损失／伤亡
- be hit/killed by enemy/friendly/artillery fire被敌军／友军／炮火击中／射死
- become/be held as a prisoner of war成为战俘；作为战俘被监禁
Civilians in war战争中的平民- harm/kill/target/protect innocent/unarmed civilians伤害／杀死／瞄准／保护无辜的／手无寸铁的平民
- cause/avoid/limit/minimize civilian casualties/collateral damage导致／避免／限制／最大限度减少平民伤亡／附带性破坏
- impose/enforce/lift a curfew强制实行／解除宵禁
- engage in/be a victim of ethnic cleansing参与种族清洗；成为种族清洗的受害者
- be sent to an internment/a concentration camp被送到俘虏拘留营／集中营
- accept/house/resettle refugees fleeing from war接受／收容／安置战争难民
- fear/threaten military/violent reprisals害怕／扬言要军事／暴力报复
- commit/be accused of war crimes/crimes against humanity/genocide犯／被指控犯战争罪／反人类罪／种族灭绝罪
Making peace和解- make/bring/win/achieve/maintain/promote peace促使／带来／赢得／实现／保持／促进和平
- call for/negotiate/broker/declare a ceasefire/a temporary truce要求／商谈／协商／宣布停战／暂时休战
- sign a ceasefire agreement签署停战协议
- call for/bring/put an end to hostilities要求发动／引发／结束战争
- demand/negotiate/accept the surrender of somebody/something强烈要求／商讨／接受…投降
- establish/send (in) a peacekeeping force建立／派遣维和部队
- negotiate/conclude/ratify/sign/accept/reject/break/violate a peace treaty商讨／达成／正式批准／签署／接受／拒绝／破坏／违反和平协定
Extra Examples- The division accepted the surrender of a group of some 500 rebels.这个师接受了约 500 名叛军的投降。
- The rebels hoisted the white flag of surrender.叛军升起了白旗投降。
- The rebels were offered easy terms of surrender.叛军得到了优厚的投降条件。
- The villagers were starved into surrender.村民们饥饿难忍，只好投降。
Topics War and conflictc1Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- complete
- total
- unconditional
- …
verb + surrender- demand
- force into
- starve into
- …
prepositionphrases- a flag of surrender
- in surrender
- terms of surrender
- …
See full entry - surrender (to something) the fact of allowing yourself to be controlled by something屈服；屈从
- They accused the government of a surrender to business interests.他们指责政府唯商界利益是从。
- surrender of something (to somebody) an act of giving something to somebody else even though you do not want to, especially after a battle, etc.（尤指在战争等过后）放弃，交出
- They insisted on the immediate surrender of all weapons.他们坚持要求立即交出全部武器。
Word Originlate Middle English (chiefly in legal use): from Anglo-Norman French (from sur- and render).