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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 905 COCA: 1780

circumstance

noun
 OPAL WOPAL S
/ˈsɜːkəmstəns/, /ˈsɜːkəmstɑːns/, /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/
/ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/
Idioms
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  1.  
     [countable, usually plural] the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action条件；环境；状况
    • Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy's death.警方说关于男孩死亡一事没有发现可疑的情况。
    • under … circumstances Under normal circumstances, your white blood cells are able to fight infections.在正常情况下，你的白细胞能够抵抗感染。
    • in … circumstances The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。
    • In exceptional circumstances, detainees could be denied access to a lawyer.在特殊情况下，被拘留者可能被拒绝见律师。
    • I know I can trust her in any circumstance.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。
    • Due to unforeseen circumstances, we have had to reschedule the concert.由于始料未及的情况，我们不得不将音乐会改期。
    • Britain is fortunately not facing the same set of circumstances.幸运的是，英国没有面临同样的情况。
    • The court will take into account all the circumstances of the case.法院将考虑该案的所有情况。
    • Police are investigating the circumstances of the death of a baby boy.警方正在调查一名男婴的死因。
    Synonyms situationsituation
    • circumstances
    • position
    • conditions
    • things
    • the case
    • state of affairs
    These are all words for the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect the way things are.
    • situation all the things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place:
      • the present economic situation目前的经济形势
    • circumstances the facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action; the conditions of a person’s life, especially the money they have:
      • The ship sank in mysterious circumstances.那艘船神秘地沉没了。
    • position the situation that somebody is in, especially when it affects what they can and cannot do:
      • She felt she was in a position of power.她觉得她自己有权力。
    • conditions the circumstances in which people live, work or do things; the physical situation that affects how something happens:
      • We were forced to work outside in freezing conditions.我们被迫在户外天寒地冻的环境下工作。
    circumstances or conditions?用 circumstances 还是 conditions？Circumstances refers to somebody’s financial situation; conditions are things such as the quality and amount of food or shelter they have. The circumstances that affect an event are the facts surrounding it; the conditions that affect it are usually physical ones, such as the weather.
    • things (rather informal) the general situation, as it affects somebody:指形势、局面、情况、事态：
      • Hi, Jane! How are things?喂，简，近来怎么样？
      • Think things over before you decide.先把情况考虑周全再作决定。
    • the case the true situation:
      • If that is the case (= if the situation described is true), we need more staff.如果真是那样，那我们就需要更多的员工了。
    • state of affairs a situation:
      • How did this unhappy state of affairs come about?这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？
    situation or state of affairs?用 situation 还是 state of affairs？State of affairs is mostly used with this. It is also used with adjectives describing how good or bad a situation is, such as happy, sorry, shocking, sad and unhappy, as well as those relating to time, such as present and current. Situation is much more frequent and is used in a wider variety of contexts.Patterns
    • in (a) particular situation/​circumstances/​position/​state of affairs
    • the/​somebody’s economic/​financial/​social situation/​circumstances/​position/​conditions
    • (a/​an) happy/​unhappy situation/​circumstances/​position/​state of affairs
    • to look at/​review the situation/​the circumstances/​the conditions/​things
    Extra Examples
    • changing social and political circumstances正在变化的社会和政治环境
    • He died in tragic circumstances.他在悲惨的境况中死去。
    • In the present circumstances, there must be no military intervention whatsoever.在目前情况下，绝不能有任何军事干预。
    • In similar circumstances, what would you have done?在类似的情况下，你会怎么做？
    • Exceptions are made in special circumstances.特殊情况下例外。
    • The ship sank in mysterious circumstances.那艘船神秘地沉没了。
    • She never discovered the true circumstances of her birth.她从未弄清她身世的真相。
    • His sentence was reduced because of the extenuating circumstances.因为有可减轻罪行的情节，他获得了减刑。
    • Estimates vary depending on the circumstances.估计值因情况而异。
    • I felt that circumstances were conspiring against me.我感到各种情况都对我很不利。
    • In normal circumstances I would let you use my car, but today I need it.正常情况下我会让你用我的车，但是今天我要用车。
    • Only if the circumstances are exceptional will we accept late applications.除非特殊情况，否则我们不接受逾期申请。
    • She died in rather suspicious circumstances.她死得相当蹊跷。
    • The bank will investigate the circumstances surrounding the robbery.银行要调查这桩抢劫案的相关情况。
    • The delays were due to circumstances beyond our control.延误是由于不可控因素造成的。
    • The plan might work better with more favourable/​favorable circumstances.如果客观环境有所改善，这个计划实施起来效果可能更好。
    • We lost our position in the market due to a combination of circumstances.由于多方面的原因，我们失去了原先的市场地位。
    • an unfortunate set of circumstances that made her life difficult使她生活陷入困境的一连串不幸遭遇
    • life in the changing economic circumstances of China在中国不断变化的经济状况中的生活
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • favourable/​favorable
    • adverse
    • difficult
    • …
    … of circumstances
    • set
    circumstance + verb
    • change
    • conspire
    • force
    • …
    preposition
    • according to circumstance
    • due to… circumstances
    • in… circumstances
    • …
    phrases
    • by force of circumstance
    • circumstances beyond our control
    • the circumstances of somebody’s life
    • …
    See full entry
  2.  
    circumstances
    [plural] the conditions of a person’s life, especially the money they have境况；境遇；（尤指）经济状况
    • We want to work towards improving the often difficult circumstances in which people find themselves.我们希望努力改善人们所处的困难环境。
    • The particular circumstances of each individual claimant must be considered.必须考虑每个个人索赔人的特殊情况。
    • Grants are awarded according to your personal circumstances.助学金根据你的个人情况发放。
    • her family/domestic circumstances她的家庭/家庭环境
    Extra Examples
    • the tragic circumstances of his early life他早年悲惨的境遇
    • people facing adverse circumstances面对逆境的人
    • The amount paid will vary according to circumstances.所付数额视情况而定。
    • He was a writer living in straitened circumstances.他是一个生活拮据的作家。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • desperate
    • modest
    • reduced
    • …
    circumstances + verb
    • improve
    • worsen
    preposition
    • in … circumstance
    See full entry
  3. [uncountable] (formal) situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control命运；客观环境
    • a victim of circumstance (= a person who has suffered because of a situation that they cannot control)客观环境的牺牲品
    • He had to leave the country through force of circumstance (= events made it necessary).为势所迫，他不得不离开这个国家。
    • We were simply thrown together by circumstance on the long journey.在漫长的旅途中，我们只是偶然相遇。
    Extra Examples
    • The survivors ate plants and insects by force of circumstance.幸存者迫于环境只得吃植物和昆虫。
    • He was simply a victim of circumstance.他不过是个客观环境的牺牲品。
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • favourable/​favorable
    • adverse
    • difficult
    • …
    … of circumstances
    • set
    circumstance + verb
    • change
    • conspire
    • force
    • …
    preposition
    • according to circumstance
    • due to… circumstances
    • in… circumstances
    • …
    phrases
    • by force of circumstance
    • circumstances beyond our control
    • the circumstances of somebody’s life
    • …
    See full entry
    4. Word OriginMiddle English: from Old French circonstance or Latin circumstantia, from circumstare ‘encircle, encompass’, from circum ‘around’ + stare ‘stand’.
Idioms
in/under the circumstances
  1. used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement在这种情况下；既然如此
    • Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
    • She did the job very well in the circumstances.她在那种情况下仍把工作干得很出色。
    • In the circumstances, you'd better call the police.在这种情况下，你最好打电话报警。
in/under no circumstances
  1. used to emphasize that something should never happen or be allowed决不；无论如何不
    • Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。
    • Don't open the door, in any circumstances.在任何情况下都不要开门。
    • Under no circumstances should you leave the door unlocked.无论如何都不应该不锁门。
    Topics Permission and obligationc1
pomp and circumstance
  1. formal and impressive ceremony隆重的仪式
    • Funerals of famous people were conducted with great pomp and circumstance.名人的葬礼举行得非常隆重。
reduced circumstances
  1. the state of being poorer than you were before. People say ‘living in reduced circumstances’ to avoid saying ‘poor’.（委婉说法，与 poor 同义）境况不济

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