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difficult to do, understand or answer 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 a hard choice/decision/question 艰难的选择/决定/问题 - hard to do something
It is hard to believe that she's only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。 It's hard to see how they can lose. 很难理解他们怎么会输。 It's hard to imagine a more cynical political strategy. 很难想象还有比这更愤世嫉俗的政治策略。 ‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say (= it is difficult to be certain)’ . “这项工作什么时候能完成？” “难说。” It's getting harder and harder to earn enough to pay the rent. 挣够房租越来越难了。 I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept). 他的态度让我难以接受。 We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get). 我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。 Houses like this are extremely hard to find. 像这样的房子极难找到。 You are hard to please, aren’t you? 你很难取悦，不是吗？ I found it hard to believe what they told me. 我发现很难相信他们告诉我的话。 - hard for somebody
It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own. 她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。 - hard for somebody to do something
It's hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人难以改变他们的习惯。
Extra ExamplesTopics Difficulty and failurea1, Working lifea1I found the exam quite hard. 我觉得这次考试非常难。 I always found languages quite hard at school. 在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。 Some viruses can be harder to identify. 有些病毒可能更难识别。 The reason for their absence wasn't hard to find. 他们缺席的原因不难找到。 They were given a list of hard spellings to learn. 给了他们一份要学习的拼写难题清单。 If you tell the children the answers, it only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own. 你要是把答案告诉孩子们，只会让他们更难独立完成作业。 It can be very hard for people to accept change. 人们很难接受变化。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs- be
- look
- seem
- …
- extremely
- fairly
- very
- …
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full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 Life got very hard. 生活变得非常艰难。 Conditions were extremely hard in the camps. 营地的生活条件极其恶劣。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs- be
- look
- seem
- …
- extremely
- fairly
- very
- …
-
needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 It's hard work shovelling snow. 铲雪是个苦活儿。 This is the hardest part of my job. 这是我工作中最难的部分。 It was one of the hardest things I ever did. 这是我做过的最难的事情之一。 I've had a long hard day. 我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。 This season has been a hard slog. 这个赛季是艰难的。 They had put in hours of hard graft. 他们进行了数小时的艰苦嫁接。
Synonyms difficultdifficultTopics Difficulty and failurea1- hard
- challenging
- demanding
- taxing
- difficult not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand:
The exam questions were quite difficult. 考题相当难。 It is difficult for young people to find jobs around here. 年轻人要在附近找到工作很难。
- hard not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand:
I always found languages quite hard at school. 在学校读书时我总觉得语言很难学。 It was one of the hardest things I ever did. 这是我做过的最难的事情之一。
difficult or hard? 用 difficult 还是 hard？ - challenging (approving) difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability.
- demanding difficult to do or deal with and needing a lot of effort, skill, etc.:
It is a technically demanding piece of music to play. 演奏这一段音乐需要有很高的技艺。
- taxing (often used in negative statements) difficult to do and needing a lot of mental or physical effort:
This shouldn’t be too taxing for you. 这对你来说不至于太费劲。
- difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing for somebody
- difficult/hard to do something
- physically difficult/hard/challenging/demanding/taxing
- technically difficult/challenging/demanding
- mentally/intellectually challenging/demanding/taxing
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(of people 人 putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity 努力的；勤劳的 -
done with a lot of strength or force 用力的；猛烈的 -
solid or stiff and difficult to bend or break 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 Wait for the concrete to go hard. 等待混凝土凝结。 a hard mattress 硬床垫 Diamonds are the hardest known mineral. 钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。
Extra ExamplesThe chairs felt hard and uncomfortable. 这些椅子又硬又不舒服。 The ground is still rock-hard. 地面仍然极其坚硬。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryverbs- be
- feel
- look
- …
- extremely
- fairly
- very
- …
- rock hard
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showing no kind feelings or sympathy 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的 My father was a hard man. 我父亲是个不讲情面的人。 She gave me a hard stare. 她狠狠地看了我一眼。 His voice was hard. 他的声音很生硬。 He said some very hard things to me. 他对我说了些很不近人情的话。
- (informal)
(of people 人 showing no signs of fear or weakness; ready to fight or compete 准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的 - [only before noun]
definitely true and based on information that can be proved 确凿的；可证实的；可靠的 very cold and severe 寒冷的；凛冽的 - [only before noun]
strongly alcoholic 酒精浓度高的；烈性的 hard liquor 烈酒 - (informal)
a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink) 少许烈酒
containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult 硬的（含钙及镁等可溶性盐较多） - (
phonetics 语音学 used to describe a letter c or g when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ 硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音）
difficult不易
needing/using effort费力；用力
solid/stiff坚固；坚硬
without sympathy缺乏同情心
not afraid不畏惧
facts/evidence事实；证据
weather天气
drink饮料
water水
consonants辅音
Word OriginOld English hard, heard, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hard and German hart.
Idioms
be hard on somebody/something
to treat or criticize somebody in a very severe or strict way 严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事） to be difficult for or unfair to somebody/something 使…为难；对…不公平 to be likely to hurt or damage something 可能损伤，可能损坏（某物）
(caught/stuck) between a rock and a hard place
in a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant 进退两难；左右为难
drive/strike a hard bargain
to argue in an aggressive way and force somebody to agree on the best possible price or arrangement 狠狠地杀价
give somebody a hard time
hard and fast
(as) hard as nails
showing no fear, sympathy or kind behaviour 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的
hard cheese
- (British English, informal)
used as a way of saying that you are sorry about something, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite) （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉
hard going
hard luck
a hard/tough nut (to crack)
a difficult problem or situation to deal with 棘手的问题；不好对付的情形
a hard/tough act to follow
a person or event that is so good or successful at something that it will be difficult for anyone/anything else coming after them to be as good or successful 令人望尘莫及的人 She has been an excellent principal and will be a hard act to follow. 她是一位优秀的校长，令人无法与之媲美。 Their contribution will prove a tough act to follow. 他们的贡献令人难以企及。
the hard way
have a (hard/difficult) job doing/to do something
to have difficulty doing something 干某事很困难（或很吃力、很费力） You'll have a job convincing them that you're right. 要让他们信服你是对的还要费点劲。 He had a hard job to make himself heard. 他好不容易才使别人听见他的声音。
Extra ExamplesTopics Difficulty and failurec2He'll have a tough job getting the team into shape in time. 他将面临一项艰巨的任务，即及时组建团队。 It's very dark out there, you'll have a job to see anything. 外面很黑，你有工作可以看任何东西。
make hard work of something
to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary 在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力
no hard feelings
used after you have been arguing with somebody or have beaten them in a contest but you would still like to be friendly with them （向争论或打败的对方表达善意）别往心里去，别记恨 It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ Someone has to lose. No hard feelings, eh? 总有人会失败的。别难过，好吗？
play hard to get
- (informal)
to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do something 故作姿态；故意摆谱；拿架子
take a long (cool/hard) look at something
too much like hard work