a theory of grammar that relates the structure of language to things outside language, in particular the ways in which the mind processes and stores knowledge
one of the typical ways in which a language putswords together to make sentences. For example, article plus adjective plus noun (a big house) is a pattern of English, but article plus noun plus adjective (a house big) is not.
the use of incorrect grammar or pronunciation by someone who is trying to show that they know how to use correct grammar or pronunciation. An example of this is saying ‘between you and I' instead of ‘between you and me'.
the way in which words that seem neutral can acquire positive or negative associations through frequent occurrences with particular collocations. For example, the phrasal verb 'set in' co-occurs frequently with nouns that have a negative meaning, giving it a negative semantic prosody.
the process by which new words are formed out of all or parts of existing ones
Another highly productive word formation process is conversion, which is the term used to describe a word class change without any morphological marking.